Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bez(ъ)

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Continues Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰe (instrumental particle) + Proto-Indo-European *-ǵʰs (“out”). Cognate with Lithuanian bè, Latvian bez, Old Prussian bhe, and likely Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”). The first element is probably the same as that in Proto-Slavic *bo (“for”), Lithuanian bà (“really”), Ancient Greek φή (phḗ, “like, as”),^[1] Avestan 𐬠𐬁 (bā, “indeed”).

Preposition

*bez(ъ)^[2]

(with genitive) without
Antonyms: *sъ(n), *ba

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: безъ (bezŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: безъ (bez)
    - Belarusian: без (bjez)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: без (bez)
    - Ukrainian: без (bez)
  - Russian: без (bez)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: без (bez)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰱⰵⰸ (bez)
- Bulgarian: без (bez)
- Macedonian: без (bez)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: бѐз
  
  Latin script: bèz
- Slovene: brez (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: bez
  - Czech: bez
    - Bohemian (Chod dialect): bez
- Kashubian: bez
- Old Polish: bez, beze
  - Polish: bez
  - Silesian: bez
- Old Slovak: bez
  - Pannonian Rusyn: без (bez)
  - Slovak: bez
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: bjez
  - Lower Sorbian: bźez

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1565
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bez(ъ)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 38: “prep. ‘without’”

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1565

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bez(ъ)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 38: “prep. ‘without’”

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