Reconstruction:Latin/happia

This Latin entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Latin

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *happjā.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhapja/

Noun

*happia f (Proto-Gallo-Romance)

1. axe, hatchet

Reconstruction notes

Attested in French from ca. 1140 (Estoire des Engleis), Occitan from 1200, and Catalan from 1341.

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	*/ˈhapja/	*/ˈhapjas/
oblique	*/ˈhapja/	*/ˈhapjas/

Descendants

• Old Catalan: àpia (perhaps from Occitan/Gascon)
• Old French: hache (see there for further descendants)
• Gascon: hàpia, hàptia
• Old Occitan: apcha, abcha, acha, apia
  • Auvergnat: àpia, acha
  • Limousin: apcha
  • Provençal: àpia ⇒ apièta
  • Vivaro-Alpine: àpia ⇒ apièta, apiòt (Valadas)
  • Piedmontese: àpia ⇒ apiòt, piòla ⇒ piolèt
    • → Franco-Provençal: piôla, piolèt (Valdôtain)
      • → French: piolet

References

• AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 548: “la scure” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
• ALF: Atlas Linguistique de la France^[1] [Linguistic Atlas of France] – map 680: “la hache” – on lig-tdcge.imag.fr
• Dico d'Òc: 'hache'
• Olivier, Philippe. 2009. Dictionnaire d'ancien occitan auvergnat: Mauriacois et Sanflorain (1340–1540). Tübingen: Niemeyer. 75.