賒

See also: 赊

賒	U+8CD2, 賒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CD2

← 賑
[U+8CD1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

賓 →
[U+8CD3]

Translingual

Han character

賒 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 月金人一火 (BCOMF), four-corner 6889₁, composition ⿰貝佘)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1208, character 35
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 49736
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3642, character 17
Unihan data for U+8CD2

Chinese

trad.		賒
simp.		赊
alternative forms		𧴳賖𧶟

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
斜	lja, laː
茶	*rlaː
荼	rlaː, ɦlja, *l'aː
梌	rlaː, l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽	*rlaː
塗	rlaː, l'aː
佘	*ɦlja
賒	*hljaː
畬	hljaː, la
舍	hljaːʔ, hljaːs
捨	*hljaːʔ
騇	hljaːʔ, hljaːs
涻	*hljaːs
稌	l̥ʰaː, l̥ʰaːʔ
悇	l̥ʰaː, l̥ʰas, *las
庩	*l̥ʰaː
捈	l̥ʰaː, l'aː
途	*l'aː
酴	*l'aː
駼	*l'aː
鵌	l'aː, la
涂	l'aː, l'a
嵞	*l'aː
峹	*l'aː
筡	l'aː, l̥ʰa
蒤	*l'aː
徐	*lja
俆	*lja
敘	*ljaʔ
漵	*ljaʔ
除	l'a, l'as
篨	*rla
滁	*rla
蒢	*rla
蜍	ɦlja, la
鵨	*hljaː
瑹	*hlja
余	*la
餘	*la
艅	*la
狳	*la
雓	*la
悆	*las

Originally written as 賖, which is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljaː) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la) – to buy or sell on credit.

In the era of Middle Chinese, a vulgar form 𧶟, also a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) with phonetic component 舍 (MC syaeX|syaeH) that was more similar-sounding to the character, once appeared but never became popularized.

The current form 賒 appeared as a vulgar form at the Ming-Qing transition and is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) with phonetic component 佘 that is similar-sounding to the character.

Etymology

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ r/s-lej ~ b-rej (“to change, exchange, buy”) (whence also 移 (OC *lal, “change, alter”) & 易 (OC *leɡ, “change, exchange”)); if so, Chinese vocalism might have been influenced by superficially similar words like 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, “to bestow, to give”) (Schuessler, 2007).

商 (OC *hljaŋ) is its derivative with terminative suffix *-ŋ; 貰 (OC), minimally reconstructed as *lhas ~ *m-las, is another with *-s > *-h extrovert suffix (ibid.).

Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk)'s possible relation to 賒 (OC *hljaː) (ibid.) is through its cognate 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ), wherefrom arose Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk), Lao ແລກ (lǣk), Shan လႅၵ်ႈ (lēk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥦᥐ (laek), & Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik) (Pittayaporn, 2014)

Lastly, Bodman (1980)) proposes cognacy to Tibetan གྱར་བ (gyar ba, “to borrow, to lend, to hire”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shē (she¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄜ
Cantonese (Jyutping): se¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhâ

(Meixian, Guangdong): ca¹
Northern Min (KCR): chiá
Eastern Min (BUC): siă
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sia

(Teochew, Peng'im): cia¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shē
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: she
  - Wade–Giles: shê¹
  - Yale: shē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: she
  - Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: se¹
  - Yale: sē
  - Cantonese Pinyin: se¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sé¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ca´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ca¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ca¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chiá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰia⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: siă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sia⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia
  - Tâi-lô: sia
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siaf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sia³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sia⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sia⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cia¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshia
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰia³³/

Middle Chinese: syae

Rime
Character	賒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	式車切
Baxter	syae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕia/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕia/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕia/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕia/
Li Rong	/ɕia/
Wang Li	/ɕĭa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	se¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥A/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	賒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shē
Middle Chinese	‹ syae ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥A/
English	trade on credit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	賒
Reading #	1/1
No.	15753
Phonetic component	余
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	奢
Old Chinese	/*hljaː/
Notes	說文右從餘聲

Definitions

賒

to buy and sell on credit
賒賬／赊账 ― shēzhàng ― to buy or sell on credit
^† to forgive
^† distant; far
- 北海雖賒，扶搖可接。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  北海虽赊，扶摇可接。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 王勃 (Wang Bo), 《滕王閣序》, 675 CE
  Běihǎi suī shē, fúyáo kě jiē. [Pinyin]
  Though the Northern Ocean may be very distant, it can still be reached by tornado.
^† (of time) long; long-standing
^† sparse; rare
^† slow

Compounds

賒借／赊借
賒帳／赊帐 (shēzhàng)
賒欠／赊欠 (shēqiàn)
賒貸／赊贷
賒賬／赊账 (shēzhàng)
賒購／赊购 (shēgòu)
賒銷／赊销

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (賒):

→ Vietnamese: xa (賒)

References

“賒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03960

Japanese

Kanji

賒

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): しゃ (sha)

Tày

Verb

賒 (xa)

Nôm form of xa (“to search, to look for”).
𫢋嗺燕九重𫠯賒
Vủt xoi ẻn cửu túng lồng xa
(please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[2] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

賒: Hán Việt readings: xa
賒: Nôm readings: xa

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