算
See also: 祘
|
Translingual
editStroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
edit算 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹月山廿 (HBUT), four-corner 88446, composition ⿱𥫗𥃲 or ⿱𥬥廾)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 888, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26146
- Dae Jaweon: page 1315, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2981, character 8
- Unihan data for U+7B97
Chinese
edittrad. | 算 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 算 | |
2nd round simp. | 祘 | |
alternative forms | 𥫫 筭 祘 𮅕 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 算 |
---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
In current form, 竹 (“bamboo”) + 目 + 廾.
The 目 portion may have originally represented counting rods (or possibly an abacus, although the character is believed to predate its invention). Such rods were typically made from bamboo.
Etymology
editIt has been compared with Tibetan གཤོར (gshor, “to count, to measure, to weigh”) by Gong (1995).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): suan4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): суан (suan, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): son4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): suan3
- Northern Min (KCR): so̤̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sáung
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5soe
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sonn4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: suàn
- Wade–Giles: suan4
- Yale: swàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suann
- Palladius: суань (suanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯än⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: suan4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suan
- Sinological IPA (key): /suan²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: суан (suan, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /suæ̃⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: syun3
- Yale: syun
- Cantonese Pinyin: syn3
- Guangdong Romanization: xun3
- Sinological IPA (key): /syːn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhon1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬᵘɔn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: son4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɵn³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: son
- Hakka Romanization System: son
- Hagfa Pinyim: son4
- Sinological IPA: /son⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: suan3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /suæ̃⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: so̤̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sáung
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɑuŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Changtai, Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sùiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: suìnn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svuix
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan): /suĩ²¹/
- IPA (Zhangpu): /suĩ¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìⁿ
- Tâi-lô: sìnn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svix
- IPA (Longyan): /sĩ²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Changtai, Zhangpu, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- sǹg/sùiⁿ - colloquial;
- soàn - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 算 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /suan⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /suan⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /suan⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /suã²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /suã⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /suan³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /suã⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /suã²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /suan¹³/ ~術 /suan⁵³/ ~了 | |
Lanzhou | /suɛ̃n¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /suan²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /san³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /suan¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /suan²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /suã̠²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /suaŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /sʊ̃⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /suæ̃⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /suɑŋ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /suæ̃⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /sø³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /sø⁵¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷõ⁴⁴⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /sø⁴²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /so³²⁴/ |
Tunxi | /suːə⁴²/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /sõ⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /sɔn⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /sɵn⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /son⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /son⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /syn³³/ |
Nanning | /ɬyn³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /syn³³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /suan²¹/ /sŋ̍²¹/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /sɔuŋ²¹²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sɔŋ³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /suaŋ²¹³/ /sɯŋ²¹³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /suaŋ²³/ /tui³⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: swanX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤorʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sloːnʔ/, /*sloːns/
Definitions
edit算
- to count; to calculate; to figure
- to plan; to arrange; to design
- to guess; to estimate; to approximate
- to regard as; to consider
- to count; to be of significance
- to let it pass; to give up
- finally; eventually
- Alternative form of 筭 (suàn, “ancient device for counting numbers”)
- (Guanzhong Mandarin, Mandarin) while
- 伢算說算笑/伢算说算笑 [Guanzhong Mandarin] ― niǎ suān shě suān xiāo [Guanzhong Pinyin] ― He speaks as he laughs
- (Hong Kong) ratio between two currencies, expressed with only the first significant figure
Synonyms
edit- (to calculate):
Dialectal synonyms of 算 (“to calculate”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 算, 計算, 計數 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 算 |
Malaysia | 算 | |
Singapore | 算 | |
Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 算 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 算 |
Xi'an | 算 | |
Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 算 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 算 |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 算 |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 計 |
Hong Kong | 計 | |
Taishan | 計 | |
Dongguan | 計 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 計 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 算 |
Lichuan | 算 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 算 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 算 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 算 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 算 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 算 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 算 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 算 | |
Kuching (Hepo) | 算 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 算 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 算 |
Southern Min | Tainan | 算 |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 算 | |
Shantou | 算 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 算 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 算 |
Jinhua | 算 |
- (to plan):
- 作計/作计 (zuòjì) (literary)
- 打算 (dǎsuàn)
- 拍算 (phah-sǹg) (Hokkien, Teochew)
- 拍達/拍达 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 按算 (Hokkien)
- 擬/拟 (nǐ)
- 派胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 準備/准备 (zhǔnbèi)
- 營為/营为 (Hokkien)
- 盤算/盘算
- 策劃/策划 (cèhuà)
- 策動/策动 (cèdòng)
- 算打 (sáung-dā) (Eastern Min)
- 算計/算计 (suànjì)
- 籌劃/筹划 (chóuhuà)
- 考慮/考虑 (kǎolǜ)
- 規/规 (literary, or in compounds)
- 規劃/规划 (guīhuà)
- 計劃/计划 (jìhuà)
- 計算/计算 (jìsuàn)
- 設/设 (shè)
- 設施/设施 (shèshī) (literary)
- 試圖/试图 (shìtú)
- 謀劃/谋划 (móuhuà)
- (to guess):
- 估計/估计 (gūjì)
- 估量
- 假定 (jiǎdìng)
- 假想 (jiǎxiǎng)
- 假設/假设 (jiǎshè)
- 商量 (shāngliàng) (Classical Chinese)
- 嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
- 忖度 (cǔnduó) (literary)
- 思裁 (sīcái) (literary)
- 想象 (xiǎngxiàng)
- 懸/悬 (xuán) (literary, or in compounds)
- 懸想/悬想 (xuánxiǎng)
- 懷疑/怀疑 (huáiyí)
- 打估 (Southern Pinghua)
- 推想 (tuīxiǎng)
- 推測/推测 (tuīcè)
- 掠算 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 揣度 (formal)
- 擬/拟 (nǐ)
- 母量 (mu3 liong) (Gan)
- 派胚 (Hokkien)
- 測/测 (cè) (literary, or in compounds)
- 測估/测估 (cègū)
- 測度/测度 (cèduó)
- 測算/测算 (cèsuàn)
- 猜 (cāi)
- 猜度 (cāiduó)
- 猜想 (cāixiǎng)
- 猜摸 (cāimo)
- 猜料 (cāiliào)
- 猜測/猜测 (cāicè)
- 猜詳/猜详 (cāixiáng)
- 算計/算计 (suànjì)
- 約摸/约摸 (yuēmo)
- 臭疑 (Hokkien)
- 臭青疑 (Hokkien)
- 虛擬/虚拟 (xūnǐ)
- 要約/要约 (iau3 ieh4) (Jin)
- 設/设 (shè)
- 設想/设想 (shèxiǎng)
- 跋胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 辦胚/办胚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 阿合 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
- 青疑 (Hokkien)
- 預計/预计 (yùjì)
- (to regard):
Compounds
edit- 上算 (shàngsuàn)
- 不上算
- 不划算
- 不合算
- 不是算
- 不算 (bùsuàn)
- 不算什麼/不算什么
- 不算數/不算数 (bùsuànshù)
- 九章算術/九章算术
- 二元運算/二元运算
- 估算 (gūsuàn)
- 作算
- 何足算
- 准算
- 划算 (huásuàn)
- 勝算/胜算 (shèngsuàn)
- 匡算 (kuāngsuàn)
- 卜算
- 同文算指
- 合算 (hésuàn)
- 周髀算經/周髀算经
- 單一預算/单一预算
- 單式預算/单式预算
- 四則運算/四则运算
- 基本運算/基本运算
- 天算
- 失算 (shīsuàn)
- 如意算盤/如意算盘 (rúyìsuànpán)
- 妙算 (miàosuàn)
- 宸算
- 小算盤/小算盘
- 就算 (jiùsuàn)
- 屈指一算 (qūzhǐyīsuàn)
- 巴前算後/巴前算后
- 布算
- 年度預算/年度预算
- 心算 (xīnsuàn)
- 思前算後/思前算后
- 成算 (chéngsuàn)
- 所算
- 打小算盤/打小算盘
- 打打算盤/打打算盘
- 打算 (dǎsuàn)
- 打算盤/打算盘 (dǎ suànpán)
- 打細算盤/打细算盘
- 打鐵算盤/打铁算盘
- 折算 (zhésuàn)
- 投資預算/投资预算
- 拍算 (phah-sǹg)
- 持籌握算/持筹握算
- 掐指一算
- 掐算
- 推算 (tuīsuàn)
- 換算/换算 (huànsuàn)
- 撥算盤/拨算盘
- 料算
- 新法算書/新法算书
- 星算
- 智算
- 暗算 (ànsuàn)
- 核算 (hésuàn)
- 概算 (gàisuàn)
- 決算/决算 (juésuàn)
- 沒算數/没算数
- 沒算當/没算当
- 沒算盤/没算盘
- 法算
- 清算 (qīngsuàn)
- 減算/减算
- 滿打滿算/满打满算
- 滿打算/满打算
- 演算 (yǎnsuàn)
- 演算法則/演算法则
- 照算
- 玄機妙算/玄机妙算
- 玄謀廟算/玄谋庙算
- 珠算 (zhūsuàn)
- 盤算/盘算
- 神機妙算/神机妙算 (shénjīmiàosuàn)
- 神算 (shénsuàn)
- 神算妙計/神算妙计
- 秋後算帳/秋后算帐 (qiūhòusuànzhàng)
- 穩操勝算/稳操胜算
- 筆算/笔算 (bǐsuàn)
- 算上
- 算不了
- 算不得
- 算了 (suànle)
- 算什麼/算什么
- 算來/算来
- 算來算去/算来算去
- 算博士
- 算卦 (suànguà)
- 算命 (suànmìng)
- 算命先生 (suànmìng xiānsheng)
- 算器
- 算子 (suànzǐ)
- 算學/算学 (suànxué)
- 算帳/算帐 (suànzhàng)
- 算式
- 算得 (suàndé)
- 算數/算数 (suànshù)
- 算是 (suànshì)
- 算曆/算历
- 算𣍐和/算𫧃和 (sǹg-bē-hô)
- 算法 (suànfǎ)
- 算無遺策/算无遗策 (suànwúyícè)
- 算盤/算盘 (suànpán)
- 算盤子兒/算盘子儿 (suànpánzǐr)
- 算盤珠/算盘珠 (suànpánzhū)
- 算籌/算筹 (suànchóu)
- 算總帳/算总帐
- 算舊帳/算旧帐
- 算術/算术 (suànshù)
- 算術和/算术和
- 算術級數/算术级数
- 算計/算计 (suànjì)
- 算計兒/算计儿
- 算起來/算起来
- 算題/算题
- 算髮/算发
- 籌算/筹算 (chóusuàn)
- 精打細算/精打细算 (jīngdǎxìsuàn)
- 精算師/精算师 (jīngsuànshī)
- 細算/细算
- 結算/结算 (jiésuàn)
- 經濟核算/经济核算 (jīngjì hésuàn)
- 總算/总算 (zǒngsuàn)
- 總預算/总预算
- 老謀深算/老谋深算 (lǎomóushēnsuàn)
- 複利計算/复利计算
- 計算/计算 (jìsuàn)
- 計算器/计算器 (jìsuànqì)
- 計算尺/计算尺 (jìsuànchǐ)
- 計算機/计算机 (jìsuànjī)
- 說話算話/说话算话 (shuōhuàsuànhuà)
- 課算/课算
- 謀算/谋算
- 赤字預算/赤字预算
- 追加預算/追加预算
- 通算 (tōngsuàn)
- 運算/运算 (yùnsuàn)
- 運算符號/运算符号
- 邏輯運算/逻辑运算
- 鐵算盤/铁算盘
- 長算/长算
- 長算遠略/长算远略
- 關係運算/关系运算
- 零基預算/零基预算
- 電算器/电算器
- 電算機/电算机 (diànsuànjī)
- 預算/预算 (yùsuàn)
- 驗算/验算 (yànsuàn)
- 鬼算盤/鬼算盘
- 鶴算龜齡/鹤算龟龄
- 默算
- 龜齡鶴算/龟龄鹤算
Descendants
edit- → Lü: ᦉᦸᧃᧈ (ṡoan¹)
References
edit- “算”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
editKanji
edit算
- Counting, calculation
Readings
edit- Go-on: さん (san, Jōyō); せん (sen)
- Kan-on: さん (san, Jōyō); せん (sen)
- Kan’yō-on: そん (son)
- Kun: かぞえる (kazoeru, 算える); かず (kazu, 算)
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 算 (MC swanX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 솬〯 (Yale: swǎn) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 혤〯 (Yale: hyěyl) | 산〯 (Yale: sǎn) |
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [산(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
editCompounds
editCompounds
References
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit算: Hán Nôm readings: toán, toan
- chữ Hán form of toán (“mathematics”).
Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
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- Hakka lemmas
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- Eastern Min lemmas
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- Dungan hanzi
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- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
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- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
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- Middle Chinese hanzi
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- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
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- Dungan verbs
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- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
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- Middle Chinese verbs
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- Chinese adverbs
- Mandarin adverbs
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- Hokkien adverbs
- Teochew adverbs
- Wu adverbs
- Xiang adverbs
- Middle Chinese adverbs
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 算
- Guanzhong Mandarin
- Mandarin Chinese
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Hong Kong Chinese
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- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading さん
- Japanese kanji with goon reading せん
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading さん
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading せん
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading そん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かぞ・える
- Japanese kanji with kun reading かず
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán