短い
Japanese
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
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短 |
みじか Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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短かい (less common, possibly proscribed) |
⟨mi1zikasi⟩ → /mizikasi/ → /mid͡ʑikaɕi/ → /mid͡ʑikaki/ → /mid͡ʑikai/
From Old Japanese.[1] Cited in the Man'yōshū, dated to roughly 759 CE.[2]
Appears to be derived as a compound, but the constituent parts remain obscure. The stem form mijika is also found in compounds, and in the now-obsolete adjective forms 短やか (mijikayaka) and 短らか (mijikaraka), indicating that the ‑ka in mijika is not the adjectivizing suffix か (‑ka) (as in 静か shizuka), and is instead part of the root term.
Pronunciation
edit- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "短い"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Continuative (連用形) | 短く | みじかく みじかく |
[mìjíꜜkàkù] [mìjíkáꜜkù] |
Terminal (終止形) | 短い | みじかい | [mìjíkáꜜì] |
Attributive (連体形) | 短い | みじかい | [mìjíkáꜜì] |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 短くない | みじかくない みじかくない |
[mìjíꜜkàkùnàì] [mìjíkáꜜkùnàì] |
Informal past | 短かった | みじかかった みじかかった |
[mìjíꜜkàkàttà] [mìjíkáꜜkàttà] |
Informal negative past | 短くなかった | みじかくなかった みじかくなかった |
[mìjíꜜkàkùnàkàttà] [mìjíkáꜜkùnàkàttà] |
Formal | 短いです | みじかいです | [mìjíkáꜜìdèsù] |
Conjunctive | 短くて | みじかくて みじかくて |
[mìjíꜜkàkùtè] [mìjíkáꜜkùtè] |
Conditional | 短ければ | みじかければ みじかければ |
[mìjíꜜkàkèrèbà] [mìjíkáꜜkèrèbà] |
Adjective
edit短い • (mijikai) -i (adverbial 短く (mijikaku))
- short, brief
- Synonym: (Kagoshima) みひけ (mihike)
- [from 759] short, brief (in time)
- [from 974] short (in space, from one point to another)
- [date uncertain] short, brief (in length, such as a text or speech)
- [mid 900s–late 1500s] (archaic) short (in height)
- Mostly superseded in modern usage by 低い (hikui, “short”, in height).
- [from 858] common, not part of the aristocracy
- [from 905] short on intelligence or maturity: dimwitted, dull; shallow, superficial
- [from early 900s] short of attention: fickle, shallow-hearted, flighty
- [from early 1600s] short-tempered, impatient, impetuous
Inflection
editInflection of 短い
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 短かろ | みじかかろ | mijikakaro |
Continuative (連用形) | 短く | みじかく | mijikaku |
Terminal (終止形) | 短い | みじかい | mijikai |
Attributive (連体形) | 短い | みじかい | mijikai |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 短けれ | みじかけれ | mijikakere |
Imperative (命令形) | 短かれ | みじかかれ | mijikakare |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 短くない | みじかくない | mijikaku nai |
Informal past | 短かった | みじかかった | mijikakatta |
Informal negative past | 短くなかった | みじかくなかった | mijikaku nakatta |
Formal | 短いです | みじかいです | mijikai desu |
Formal negative | 短くないです | みじかくないです | mijikaku nai desu |
Formal past | 短かったです | みじかかったです | mijikakatta desu |
Formal negative past | 短くなかったです | みじかくなかったです | mijikaku nakatta desu |
Conjunctive | 短くて | みじかくて | mijikakute |
Conditional | 短ければ | みじかければ | mijikakereba |
Provisional | 短かったら | みじかかったら | mijikakattara |
Volitional | 短かろう | みじかかろう | mijikakarō |
Adverbial | 短く | みじかく | mijikaku |
Degree | 短さ | みじかさ | mijikasa |
Antonyms
editDerived terms
editDerived terms
- 気が短い (ki ga mijikai): quick-tempered, impatient
- 気の短い (ki no mijikai): quick-tempered, impatient
- 手短 (te mijika): brief, concise
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
短 |
みじか > みちか Grade: 3 |
irregular |
Shift from standard Japanese mijikai.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
edit短い • (michikai) -i (adverbial 短く (michikaku))
References
editFurther reading
edit- Ibaraki dialect entry at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 短 read as みじか
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 短
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings
- Ibaraki Japanese
- Japanese dialectal terms