淒涼

See also: 凄凉

Chinese

	intense cold; mournful	cool; cold
trad. (淒涼/悽涼)	淒/悽	涼
simp. (凄凉)	凄	凉
alternative forms	凄涼凄凉悽凉

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qīliáng

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄌㄧㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cai¹ loeng⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhî-liòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhe-liâng / chhe-liông / chhi-liâng

(Teochew, Peng'im): ci¹ liang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīliáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄌㄧㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciliáng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi¹-liang²
  - Yale: chī-lyáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiliang
  - Palladius: цилян (ciljan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cai¹ loeng⁴
  - Yale: chāi lèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsai¹ loeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cei¹ lêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵ lœːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhî-liòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: qi^ˊ liong^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qi¹ liong²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi²⁴ li̯oŋ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe-liâng
  - Tâi-lô: tshe-liâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zheliaang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² liaŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² liaŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ liaŋ²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³ liaŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻³³ liaŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe-liông
  - Tâi-lô: tshe-liông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhelioong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴⁻²² liɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³ liɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi-liâng
  - Tâi-lô: tshi-liâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiliaang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴⁻²² liaŋ¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ci¹ liang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshi liâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi³³⁻²³ liaŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: tshej ljang

Rime
Character	淒	涼
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	七稽切	呂章切
Baxter	tshej	ljang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰei/	/lɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰei/	/liɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛi/	/liɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛj/	/lɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰei/	/liaŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰiei/	/lĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰiei/	/li̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qī	liáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cai¹	loeng⁴

Adjective

淒涼

bleak; desolate
miserable; forlorn

Synonyms

(bleak):

edit

冷僻 (lěngpì)
冷清 (lěngqīng)
冷淡 (lěngdàn)
冷落 (lěngluò)
清冷 (qīnglěng)
荒涼／荒凉 (huāngliáng)
落寞 (luòmò)
蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
蕭條／萧条 (xiāotiáo)
青凊 (Min Nan)

(miserable):

edit

京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
刺心 (cìxīn)
哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
哀切 (āiqiè)
哀怨 (āiyuàn)
哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
哀痛 (āitòng)
哀苦 (āikǔ)
心酸 (xīnsuān)
怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
悲哀 (bēi'āi)
悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
悲戚 (bēiqī)
悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
悲痛 (bēitòng)
悲苦 (bēikǔ)
感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
慘／惨 (cǎn)
憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
沉痛 (chéntòng)
淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
痛心 (tòngxīn)
艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
酸心 (suānxīn)
難受／难受 (nánshòu)
難過／难过 (nánguò)
青凊 (Hokkien)
黯然 (ànrán)

Derived terms

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
淒	涼

Adjective

淒涼

chữ Hán form of thê lương (“isolated, lonesome”).