否
|
Translingual
editStroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
edit否 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一火口 (MFR), four-corner 10609, composition ⿱不口)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 178, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3340
- Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 586, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5426
Chinese
editsimp. and trad. |
否 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 不 “no; not” 𠲎 Northern Wu 𠳝 Northern Wu |
Glyph origin
editOld Chinese | |
---|---|
肧 | *pʰlɯː, *pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː |
俖 | *pʰɯːʔ |
娝 | *prɯʔ |
痞 | *prɯʔ, *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ |
丕 | *pʰrɯ |
伾 | *pʰrɯ |
秠 | *pʰrɯ, *pʰrɯʔ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ |
駓 | *pʰrɯ |
怌 | *pʰrɯ |
豾 | *pʰrɯ |
髬 | *pʰrɯ |
魾 | *pʰrɯ, *brɯ |
鉟 | *pʰrɯ, *brɯ |
嚭 | *pʰrɯʔ |
邳 | *brɯ |
岯 | *brɯ |
否 | *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ |
抔 | *bɯ, *pʰlɯː |
不 | *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ' |
紑 | *pɯ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ |
鴀 | *pɯ, *pɯʔ |
衃 | *pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː |
罘 | *bɯ |
芣 | *bɯ |
杯 | *plɯː |
盃 | *plɯː |
桮 | *pɯː |
坯 | *pʰɯː |
胚 | *pʰɯː |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).
Etymology 1
editSee etymology of 不.
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fo3 / fou3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): feu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): fu2
- Northern Min (KCR): pě
- Eastern Min (BUC): pēu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5feu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hou3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fǒu
- Wade–Giles: fou3
- Yale: fǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: foou
- Palladius: фоу (fou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /foʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: fo3 / fou3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fo / fou
- Sinological IPA (key): /fo⁵³/, /fəu⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fau2
- Yale: fáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: fau2
- Guangdong Romanization: feo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɐu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: feu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /feu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: feu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɛu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: féu
- Hakka Romanization System: feuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: feu3
- Sinological IPA: /feu̯³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: fu2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /fu⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pě
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰe²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: pēu
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɛu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóⁿ
- Tâi-lô: hónn
- Phofsit Daibuun: hvor
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hɔ̃⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ̃⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hó͘
- Tâi-lô: hóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: hor
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hió
- Tâi-lô: hió
- Phofsit Daibuun: hioir
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hio⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hou2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hóu
- Sinological IPA (key): /hou⁵²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: hou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /xəu̯⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 否 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /fou²¹⁴/ |
Harbin | /fau²¹³/ /fou²¹³/ | |
Tianjin | /fou¹³/ | |
Jinan | /fɔ⁵⁵/ | |
Qingdao | /fɔ⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /fu⁵³/ | |
Xi'an | /fu⁵³/ | |
Xining | /fv̩⁵³/ | |
Yinchuan | /fu⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /fu⁴⁴²/ | |
Ürümqi | /fu⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /fəu⁴²/ | |
Chengdu | /fo⁵³/ /fəu⁵³/ | |
Guiyang | /fu⁴²/ | |
Kunming | /fəu⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /fəi²¹²/ | |
Hefei | /fʊ²⁴/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /fu⁵³/ |
Pingyao | ||
Hohhot | /fu⁵³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /fɤ³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /fɤ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /fei⁵³/ | |
Wenzhou | /fɜ³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /fo³⁵/ |
Tunxi | /fo³¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /xəu⁴¹/ |
Xiangtan | /ɸəɯ⁴²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /fɛu²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /feu³¹/ |
Taoyuan | /feu¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /fɐu³⁵/ |
Nanning | /fɐu³⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /fɐu³⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hɔ⁵³/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /pʰeu³²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pʰe²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /hõu⁵³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /fɔu²¹³/ |
- Middle Chinese: pjuwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*pəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pɯʔ/
Definitions
edit否
- nay; no; negative
- not
- final interrogative particle
- 又飲數杯,允指蟬謂布曰:「吾欲將此女送與將軍為妾,還肯納否?」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
- Yòu yǐn shù bēi, Yǔn zhǐ Chán wèi Bù yuē: “Wú yù jiāng cǐ nǚ sòng yǔ jiāngjūn wéi qiè, hái kěn nà fǒu?” [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
又饮数杯,允指蝉谓布曰:「吾欲将此女送与将军为妾,还肯纳否?」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
Usage notes
edit否 (fǒu) is the form taken by 不 (bù) when the verb which it negates is omitted (Pulleyblank, 1995, p. 104).
Compounds
editEtymology 2
editPronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): pei2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phí
- Eastern Min (BUC): pī
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5phi
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pǐ
- Wade–Giles: pʻi3
- Yale: pǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pii
- Palladius: пи (pi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pei2
- Yale: péi
- Cantonese Pinyin: pei2
- Guangdong Romanization: péi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰei̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phí
- Hakka Romanization System: piˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pi3
- Sinological IPA: /pʰi³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: pī
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- phí - literary;
- pháiⁿ/phái - vernacular (usually written as 歹).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: pi2 / pai2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phí / phái
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi⁵²/, /pʰai⁵²/
Note:
- pi2 - literary;
- pai2 - vernacular (usually written as 痞).
- Middle Chinese: bijX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*brɯʔ/
Definitions
edit否
- † to block; to obstruct
- † to denounce; to censure
- † to become extinct
- † poverty-stricken; poor
- † evil; vile
- † Alternative form of 鄙 (bǐ, “superficial; shallow”)
- † Alternative form of 痞 (pǐ, “lump in the abdomen”)
- 12th hexagram of the I Ching
Compounds
editReferences
edit- “否”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
editKanji
edit否
Readings
edit- Go-on: び (bi); ふ (fu)
- Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō); ふう (fū)
- Kun: いな (ina); いなむ (inamu, 否む); いや (iya); あらず (arazu)
Compounds
editEtymology 1
editKanji in this term |
---|
否 |
いな Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 否 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 否, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
editKanji in this term |
---|
否 |
ひ Grade: 6 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 否 (MC bijX). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editKorean
editHanja
editTày
editAdverb
edit否 (bấu)
- Nôm form of bấu (“not; not at all”).
- 斉福否欣坪
- Te̱ phúc bấu hăn phắng
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
References
edit- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][2] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit否: Hán Nôm readings: bĩ, phủ, phầu
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Readings
editReferences
edit- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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