со

See also: со-, co, and Appendix:Variations of "so"

Chechen

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *so.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu̯o/

Pronoun

со • (so)

1. I

Declension

Chechen personal pronouns
Singular	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Nominative	со (so)	хьо (ḥʳo)	иза (iza)
Genitive	сан (san)	хьан (ḥʳan)	цуьнан (cünan)
Dative	сӯна (suuna)	хьӯна (ḥʳuuna)	цунна (cunna)
Ergative	ас (as)	ахь (aḥʳ)	цо̄ (coo)
Allative	со̄ьга (sööga)	хьо̄ьга (ḥʳööga)	цуьнга (cünga)
Ablative	со̄ьгара (söögara)	хьо̄ьгара (ḥʳöögara)	цуьнгара (cüngara)
Instrumental	со̄ьца (sööca)	хьо̄ьца (ḥʳööca)	цуьнца (cünca)
Lative	сох (sox)	хьох (ḥʳox)	цунах (cunax)
Comparative	сол (sol)	хьол (ḥʳol)	цул (cul)
Plural	1st person (excl)	2nd person	3rd person
Nominative	тхо (txo)	шу (šu)	уьш (üš)
Genitive	тхан (txan)	шун (šun)	це̄ран (ceeran)
Dative	тхӯна (txuuna)	шуна (šuna)	ца̄рна (caarna)
Ergative	о̄ха (ooxa)	аш (aš)	ца̄ра (caara)
Allative	тхо̄ьга (txööga)	шуьга (šüga)	цаьрга (cärga)
Ablative	тхо̄ьгара (txöögara)	шуьгара (šügara)	цаьргара (cärgara)
Instrumental	тхо̄ьца (txööca)	шуьца (šüca)	ца̄рца (caarca)
Lative	тхох (txox)	шух (šux)	ца̄рах (caarax)
Comparative	тхол (txol)	шул (šul)	ца̄рал (caaral)
Plural	1st person (incl)
Nominative	вай (vaj)
Genitive	вайн (vajn)
Dative	вайна (vajna)
Ergative	вай (vaj)
Allative	вайга (vajga)
Ablative	вайгара (vajgara)
Instrumental	вайца (vajca)
Lative	вайх (vajx)
Comparative	вайл (vajl)
An exclusive form is a form that excludes the person being addressed. An inclusive form is a form that includes the person being addressed.

References

• Nichols, Johanna, Vagapov, Arbi (2004) “со”, in Chechen–English and English–Chechen Dictionary, London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, page 195

Ingush

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *so.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈs(u̯)o/

Pronoun

со • (so)

1. I

Declension

Ingush personal pronouns
Singular	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Nominative	со (so)	хьо (ḥʳo)	из (iz)
Genitive	са (sa)	хьа (ḥʳa)	цун (cun)
Dative	со̄на (soona)	хьо̄на (ḥʳoona)	цунна (cunna)
Ergative	а̄з (aaz)	ӏа (ˀa)	цо̄ (coo)
Allative	со̄га (sooga)	хьо̄га (ḥʳooga)	цунга (cunga)
Ablative	со̄гара (soogara)	хьо̄гара (ḥʳoogara)	цунгара (cungara)
Instrumental	со̄ца (sooca)	хьо̄ца (ḥʳooca)	цунца (cunca)
Lative	сох (sox)	хьох (ḥʳox)	цунах (cunax)
Comparative	сол (sol)	хьол (ḥʳol)	цул (cul)
Plural	1st person (excl)	2nd person	3rd person
Nominative	тхо (txo)	шо (šo)	уж (už)
Genitive	тха (txa)	шун (šun)	ца̄р (caar)
Dative	тхо̄на (txoona)	шоана (šoana)	ца̄рна (caarna)
Ergative	оаха (oaxa)	оаш (oaš)	ца̄ра (caara)
Allative	тхо̄га (txooga)	шуга (šuga)	ца̄рга (caarga)
Ablative	тхо̄гара (txoogara)	шугара (šugara)	ца̄ргара (caargara)
Instrumental	тхо̄ца (txooca)	шуца (šuca)	ца̄рца (caarca)
Lative	тхох (txox)	шух (šux)	ца̄рех (caarex)
Comparative	тхол (txol)	шул (šul)	ца̄рел (caarel)
Plural	1st person (incl)
Nominative	вай (vaj)
Genitive	вай (vaj)
Dative	вайна (vajna)
Ergative	вай (vaj)
Allative	вайга (vajga)
Ablative	вайгара (vajgara)
Instrumental	вайца (vajca)
Lative	вайх (vajx)
Comparative	вайл (vajl)
An exclusive form is a form that excludes the person being addressed. An inclusive form is a form that includes the person being addressed.

References

• Nichols, Johanna B. (2004) “со”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 138

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɔ]
• Rhymes: -ɔ

Preposition

со • (so)

1. with

   Пишувам со молив.

   Pišuvam so moliv.

   I am writing with a pencil.

   Разговарам со пријател.

   Razgovaram so prijatel.

   I am conversing with a friend.

Nivkh

Noun

со (so)

1. Lenited form of чо (ț’o). Occurs after vowels and plosives.

   Ытиксо тух ӿумд.

   Ətikso tux humd.

   The crucian carp lives in a lake.

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sə]
• IPA^(key): [sɐ] (before a stressed syllable)

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [ˈso] (when stressed)

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

со • (so) [(depending on meaning) with instrumental or genitive or accusative]

1. Alternative form of с (s): with, off, from, etc.

Usage notes

• This is a variant of с (s) which is sometimes used before words beginning with certain consonant clusters such as вс- (vs-), вш- (vš-), вт- (vt-), льв- (lʹv-), льд- (lʹd-), льн- (lʹn-), лб- (lb-), лж- (lž-), мн- (mn-), мх- (mx-), рв- (rv-), рт- (rt-), рж- (rž-), сн- (sn-), фл- (fl-) and others.

Antonyms

• без (bez)
• на (na)

See also

• с (s)

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• со̑л (Croatia)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *solь, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂ls.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sôː/

Noun

со̑ f (Latin spelling sȏ)

1. (Bosnia, Serbia) salt

Declension

Declension of со

	singular	plural
nominative	со / сол	соли
genitive	соли	соли
dative	соли	солима
accusative	со / сол	соли
vocative	соли	соли
locative	соли	солима
instrumental	сољу / соли	солима

Udmurt

Etymology

From Proto-Permic *su̇, from Proto-Uralic *sän. Cognates include Erzya сон (son) and Finnish hän.

Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian сійӧ (sijö) and Komi-Permyak сія (sija).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈso]
• Rhymes: -o
• Hyphenation: со

Pronoun

со • (so)

1. (third person singular personal pronoun) he, she, it

   со удмурт кылъя дышетӥсь

   so udmurt kylja dyšetiś

   he is a teacher of the Udmurt language

Derived terms

pronouns

• соос (soos)

 

Related terms

Personal pronouns in Udmurt

		Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative	Instrumental	Ablative	Abessive	Adverbial	Allative
Singular	1st person	мон (mon)	монэ (mone)	мынам (mynam)	мыным (mynym)	монэн (monen), монэнын (monenyn)	мынэсьтым (myneśtym)	монтэк (montek)	монъя (monja)	монлань (monlań)
	2nd person	тон (ton)	тонэ (tone)	тынад (tynad)	тыныд (tynyd)	тонэн (tonen), тонэнын (tonenyn)	тынэсьтыд (tyneśtyd)	тонтэк (tontek)	тонъя (tonja)	тонлань (tonlań)
	3rd person	со (so)	сое (soje)	солэн (solen)	солы (soly)	соин (soin)	солэсь (soleś)	сотэк (sotek)	соя (soja)	солань (solań)
Plural	1st person	ми (mi)	милемиз (miľemiz), милемды (miľemdy)	милям (miľam)	милем (miľem), милемлы (miľemly)	милемын (miľemyn), миленымы (miľenymy)	милесьтым (miľeśtym)	митэк (mitek)	мия (mija)	милань (milań)
	2nd person	тӥ (ti)	тӥледыз (tiľedyz), тӥледды (tiľeddy)	тӥляд (tiľad)	тӥлед (tiľed), тӥледлы (tiľedly)	тӥлемын (tiľemyn), тӥленыды (tiľenydy)	тӥлесьтыд (tiľeśtyd)	тӥтэк (titek)	тӥя (tija)	тӥлань (tilań)
	3rd person	соос (soos)	соосыз (soosyz), соосты (soosty)	соослэн (sooslen)	соослы (soosly)	соосын (soosyn)	соослэсь (soosleś)	соостэк (soostek)	соося (soośa)	соослань (sooslań)

References

• L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “со”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 606
• T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 68
• Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 260