сам
Belarusian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *samъ.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editсам • (sam) m
Declension
editmasculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | сам sam |
само́ samó |
сама́ samá |
са́мі sámi | |
genitive | само́га samóha |
само́й samój |
самі́х samíx | ||
dative | само́му samómu |
само́й samój |
самі́м samím | ||
accusative | animate | само́га samóha |
само́ samó |
саму́, саму́ю samú, samúju |
самі́х samíx |
inanimate | сам sam |
са́мі sámi | |||
instrumental | самі́м samím |
само́й samój |
самі́мі samími | ||
locative | самі́м samím |
само́й samój |
самі́х samíx |
Bulgarian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Slavic *samъ.
Adjective
editDeclension
editDerived terms
edit- само- (samo-, “solo-, auto-, self-”)
- са́мец (sámec, “loner”)
- сами́чък (samíčǎk, “single, alone”)
- самота́ (samotá, “loneliness”)
- само́тен (samóten, “lonely”)
References
edit- “сам (прил.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “сам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “сам¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 453
Etymology 2
editInherited from Old Church Slavonic сѣмъ (sěmŭ), an oblique case form of сѣмо (sěmo, “here, hither”), from Proto-Slavic *sěmo. The unexpected vowel in modern Bulgarian is likely by analogy with там (tam, “there”) and its derived terms.
Adverb
editсам • (sam) (not comparable) (archaic or dialectal)
- with beckoning verbs in the imperative: here, in this place
- Ела́ сам! ― Elá sam! ― Come here!
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- “сам (нареч.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “сам²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 460
- Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “самъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 118
- “яла сам бе”, in BGJargon.com (in Bulgarian), 2007
Anagrams
edit- мас (mas)
Kalmyk
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Mongolic *sam, compare Mongolian сам (sam), Buryat һам (ham), Dongxiang san.
Noun
editсам • (sam)
Macedonian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editсам • (sam) (comparative посам, superlative најсам, diminutive самичок, abstract noun самотија)
- alone, by oneself
Declension
editMongolian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Mongolic *sam, compare Buryat һам (ham), Kalmyk сам (sam), Dongxiang san.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editсам • (sam) (Mongolian spelling ᠰᠠᠮ (sam), definite plural самнууд); (hidden-n declension)
Derived terms
edit- самнах (samnax, “to comb”)
Northern Mansi
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Uralic *śilmä.[1] Cognates include Northern Khanty сєм (sêm), Hungarian szem, Finnish silmä and Estonian silm.
Noun
editсам (sam)
Declension
editSosva:
Inflection of сам (sam) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | сам (sam) | самыг (samyg) | самыт (samyt) |
locative | самт (samt) | самыгт (samygt) | самытт (samytt) |
lative | самн (samn) | самыгн (samygn) | самытн (samytn) |
ablative | самныл (samnyl) | самыгныл (samygnyl) | самытныл (samytnyl) |
instrumental | самыл (samyl) | самыгныл (samygnyl) | самытыл (samytyl) |
translative | самыг (samyg) | ―― | ―― |
caritive | самта̄л (samtāl) | ―― | ―― |
Possessive forms of сам (sam) | |||
---|---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | double possession | multiple possession |
1st person sing. | самум (samum) | самагум (samagum) | саманум (samanum) |
2nd person sing. | самын (samyn) | самагын (samagyn) | саман (saman) |
3rd person sing. | саме (same) | самаге (samage) | саманэ (samanè) |
1st person dual | самме̄н (sammēn) | самагаме̄н (samagamēn) | саманаме̄н (samanamēn) |
2nd person dual | самы̄н (samȳn) | самагы̄н (samagȳn) | саманы̄н (samanȳn) |
3rd person dual | саме̄ (samē) | самаге̄н (samagēn) | саманэ̄н (samanè̄n) |
1st person plural | самув (samuw) | самагув (samaguw) | саманув (samanuw) |
2nd person plural | самы̄н (samȳn) | самагы̄н (samagȳn) | саманы̄н (samanȳn) |
3rd person plural | саманыл (samanyl) | самага̄ныл (samagānyl) | сама̄ныл (samānyl) |
Upper Lozva:
Inflection of сам (sam) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | сам (sam) | самый (samyj) | самыт (samyt) |
locative | самт (samt) | самыййт (samyjjt) | самытт (samytt) |
lative | самн (samn) | самыййн (samyjjn) | самытн (samytn) |
ablative | самныл (samnyl) | самыййныл (samyjjnyl) | самытныл (samytnyl) |
instrumental | самыл (samyl) | самыййныл (samyjjnyl) | самытыл (samytyl) |
translative | самый (samyj) | ―― | ―― |
caritive | самта̄л (samtāl) | ―― | ―― |
Possessive forms of сам (sam) | |||
---|---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | double possession | multiple possession |
1st person sing. | самум (samum) | самайум (samajum) | саманум (samanum) |
2nd person sing. | самын (samyn) | самайын (samajyn) | саман (saman) |
3rd person sing. | саме (same) | самайе (samaje) | саманэ (samanè) |
1st person dual | самме̄н (sammēn) | самайаме̄н (samajamēn) | саманаме̄н (samanamēn) |
2nd person dual | самы̄н (samȳn) | самагы̄н (samagȳn) | саманы̄н (samanȳn) |
3rd person dual | саме̄ (samē) | самайе̄н (samajēn) | саманэ̄н (samanè̄n) |
1st person plural | самув (samuw) | самайув (samajuw) | саманув (samanuw) |
2nd person plural | самы̄н (samȳn) | самайы̄н (samajȳn) | саманы̄н (samanȳn) |
3rd person plural | саманыл (samanyl) | самайа̄ныл (samajānyl) | сама̄ныл (samānyl) |
References
edit- Afanasʹjeva, K. V., Sobjanina, S. A. (2012) “сам”, in Školʹnyj mansijsko-russkij slovarʹ) [Mansi-Russian school dictionary], Khanty-Mansiysk: RIO IRO
- ^ Entry #964 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Russian
editAlternative forms
edit- самъ (sam) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editсам • (sam) m (neuter само́, feminine сама́, plural са́ми)
Declension
editmasculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | сам sam |
само́ samó |
сама́ samá |
са́ми sámi | |
genitive | самого́ samovó |
само́й samój |
сами́х samíx | ||
dative | самому́ samomú |
само́й samój |
сами́м samím | ||
accusative | animate | самого́ samovó |
само́ samó |
саму́, самоё1 samú, samojó1 |
сами́х samíx |
inanimate | сам sam |
са́ми sámi | |||
instrumental | сами́м samím |
само́й, само́ю samój, samóju |
сами́ми samími | ||
prepositional | само́м samóm |
само́й samój |
сами́х samíx |
1 A dated form.
Derived terms
edit- будь ве́рен сам себе́ (budʹ véren sam sebé)
- сам не свой (sam ne svoj)
- сам по себе́ (sam po sebé)
- са́ми с уса́ми (sámi s usámi)
- само́ собо́й (samó sobój)
- само́ собо́й разуме́ется (samó sobój razuméjetsja)
Related terms
editDescendants
editSerbo-Croatian
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.
Adjective
editса̑м (Latin spelling sȃm, definite са̑мӣ)
Declension
editsingular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | сам | сама | само | |
genitive | сама | саме | сама | |
dative | саму | самој | саму | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
сам сама |
саму | само |
vocative | сам | сама | само | |
locative | саму | самој | саму | |
instrumental | самим | самом | самим | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | сами | саме | сама | |
genitive | самих | самих | самих | |
dative | самим(а) | самим(а) | самим(а) | |
accusative | саме | саме | сама | |
vocative | сами | саме | сама | |
locative | самим(а) | самим(а) | самим(а) | |
instrumental | самим(а) | самим(а) | самим(а) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | сами | сама | само | |
genitive | самог(а) | саме | самог(а) | |
dative | самом(у/е) | самој | самом(у/е) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
сами самог(а) |
саму | само |
vocative | сами | сама | само | |
locative | самом(е/у) | самој | самом(е/у) | |
instrumental | самим | самом | самим | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | сами | саме | сама | |
genitive | самих | самих | самих | |
dative | самим(а) | самим(а) | самим(а) | |
accusative | саме | саме | сама | |
vocative | сами | саме | сама | |
locative | самим(а) | самим(а) | самим(а) | |
instrumental | самим(а) | самим(а) | самим(а) |
Etymology 2
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)esmь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-.
Verb
editса̏м (Latin spelling sȁm)
- first-person singular present enclitic of би̏ти
- Ту сам. ― I'm here.
Southern Yukaghir
editAlternative forms
edit- саам (sām)
Etymology
editBorrowed from Russian сам (sam).
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editсам (sam)
- self, -self
- 2007, M. I. Turpanova, Раньше, когда мы были маленькие [Before, when we were little]:
- Титтэ сам иҥдьэҥитэй, - мони.
- Titte sam iŋdʹeŋitej, - moni.
- They will sew it themselves, - he said.
References
edit- Elena Maslova (2003) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 26
Ukrainian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *samъ.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editсам • (sam) m
Declension
editmasculine | neuter | feminine | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | сам sam |
саме́, само́ samé, samó |
сама́ samá |
сами́, самі́ samý, samí | |
genitive | само́го samóho |
само́ї samóji |
сами́х samýx | ||
dative | само́му samómu |
самі́й samíj |
сами́м samým | ||
accusative | animate | само́го samóho |
саме́, само́ samé, samó |
саму́ samú |
сами́х samýx |
inanimate | сам sam |
сами́, самі́ samý, samí | |||
instrumental | сами́м samým |
само́ю samóju |
сами́ми samýmy | ||
locative | само́му, самі́м samómu, samím |
самі́й samíj |
сами́х samýx |
Further reading
edit- Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “сам”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Belarusian terms with audio links
- Belarusian lemmas
- Belarusian pronouns
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Bulgarian/am
- Rhymes:Bulgarian/am/1 syllable
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian adjectives
- Bulgarian terms with usage examples
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Old Church Slavonic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Old Church Slavonic
- Bulgarian adverbs
- Bulgarian uncomparable adverbs
- Bulgarian archaic terms
- Bulgarian dialectal terms
- Kalmyk terms inherited from Proto-Mongolic
- Kalmyk terms derived from Proto-Mongolic
- Kalmyk lemmas
- Kalmyk nouns
- Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Macedonian 1-syllable words
- Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Macedonian oxytone terms
- Macedonian lemmas
- Macedonian adjectives
- Mongolian terms inherited from Proto-Mongolic
- Mongolian terms derived from Proto-Mongolic
- Mongolian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mongolian lemmas
- Mongolian nouns
- Mongolian 1-syllable words
- Mongolian hidden-n declension nouns
- mn:Toiletries
- Northern Mansi terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Northern Mansi terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Northern Mansi lemmas
- Northern Mansi nouns
- mns-nor:Anatomy
- mns-nor:Body
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio links
- Russian lemmas
- Russian pronouns
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian adjectives
- Serbo-Croatian non-lemma forms
- Serbo-Croatian verb forms
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples
- Southern Yukaghir terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Southern Yukaghir terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Southern Yukaghir terms borrowed from Russian
- Southern Yukaghir terms derived from Russian
- Southern Yukaghir terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Southern Yukaghir/am
- Rhymes:Southern Yukaghir/am/1 syllable
- Southern Yukaghir lemmas
- Southern Yukaghir pronouns
- Southern Yukaghir reflexive pronouns
- Southern Yukaghir terms with quotations
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms with audio links
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian pronouns