φρύγω
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵ ~ *bʰreǵ (“to roast, fry”), though the phonetics are irregular, suggesting a loanword from a third unidentified party. Cognate with Latin frigo and Sanskrit भृज्जति (bhṛjjati, “to roast, grill, fry”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰry̌ː.ɡɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰry.ɡo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸry.ɣo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfry.ɣo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfri.ɣo/
Verb
editφρῡ́γω • (phrū́gō)
- to roast
Conjugation
edit Present: φρῡ́γω, φρῡ́γομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φρύξω | φρύξεις | φρύξει | φρύξετον | φρύξετον | φρύξομεν | φρύξετε | φρύξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | φρύξοιμῐ | φρύξοις | φρύξοι | φρύξοιτον | φρυξοίτην | φρύξοιμεν | φρύξοιτε | φρύξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | φρύξομαι | φρύξῃ, φρύξει |
φρύξεται | φρύξεσθον | φρύξεσθον | φρυξόμεθᾰ | φρύξεσθε | φρύξονται | ||||
optative | φρυξοίμην | φρύξοιο | φρύξοιτο | φρύξοισθον | φρυξοίσθην | φρυξοίμεθᾰ | φρύξοισθε | φρύξοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | φρύξειν | φρύξεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | φρύξων | φρυξόμενος | ||||||||||
f | φρύξουσᾰ | φρυξομένη | |||||||||||
n | φρῦξον | φρυξόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: πέρφρυγμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | πέρφρυγμαι | πέρφρυξαι | πέρφρυκται | πέρφρυχθον | πέρφρυχθον | περφρύγμεθᾰ | πέρφρυχθε | περφρύγᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | περφρυγμένος ὦ | περφρυγμένος ᾖς | περφρυγμένος ᾖ | περφρυγμένω ἦτον | περφρυγμένω ἦτον | περφρυγμένοι ὦμεν | περφρυγμένοι ἦτε | περφρυγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | περφρυγμένος εἴην | περφρυγμένος εἴης | περφρυγμένος εἴη | περφρυγμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | περφρυγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | περφρυγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | περφρυγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | περφρυγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | πέρφρυξο | περφρύχθω | πέρφρυχθον | περφρύχθων | πέρφρυχθε | περφρύχθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | περφρῦχθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | περφρυγμένος | |||||||||||
f | περφρυγμένη | ||||||||||||
n | περφρυγμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φρῡ́γω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1593-4
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “frīgō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 243
Further reading
edit- “φρύγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φρύγω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011