Latgalian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Balto-Slavic *péktei. Cognates include Latvian cept and Lithuanian kepti.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editcept (reflexive ceptīs)
- (transitive) to fry
Conjugation
editinfinitive | cept | ||
---|---|---|---|
supine | captu | ||
verbal noun | cepšona | ||
indicative | |||
past | present | future | |
1st singular | cepu | capu | cepšu |
2nd singular | cepi | cep | cepsi |
3rd singular | cepe | cap | ceps |
1st plural | cepem | capam | cepsim |
2nd plural | cepet | capat | cepsit |
3rd plural | cepe | cap | ceps |
subjunctive | imperative | ||
1st singular | captum | singular | cep |
2nd singular | ceptim captumi |
plural | cepit |
3rd singular | captu | ||
1st plural | captumem | debitive | juocap |
2nd plural | captumet | converb | capdams |
3rd plural | captu | ||
participles | |||
past | present | future | |
active | ceps cepis |
capūšs caps |
— |
passive | capts | capoms capom |
— |
oblique | ceps cepis |
caps capūt |
cepškys cepšūt |
infinitive | nacept | ||
---|---|---|---|
supine | nacaptu | ||
verbal noun | nacepšona | ||
indicative | |||
past | present | future | |
1st singular | nacepu | nacapu | nacepšu |
2nd singular | nacepi | nacep | nacepsi |
3rd singular | nacepe | nacap | naceps |
1st plural | nacepem | nacapam | nacepsim |
2nd plural | nacepet | nacapat | nacepsit |
3rd plural | nacepe | nacap | naceps |
subjunctive | imperative | ||
1st singular | nacaptum | singular | nacep |
2nd singular | naceptim nacaptumi |
plural | nacepit |
3rd singular | nacaptu | ||
1st plural | nacaptumem | debitive | najuocap |
2nd plural | nacaptumet | converb | nacapdams |
3rd plural | nacaptu | ||
participles | |||
past | present | future | |
active | naceps nacepis |
nacapūšs nacaps |
— |
passive | nacapts | nacapoms nacapom |
— |
oblique | naceps nacepis |
nacaps nacapūt |
nacepškys nacepšūt |
References
edit- M. Bukšs, J. Placinskis (1973) Latgaļu volūdas gramatika un pareizraksteibas vōrdneica, Latgaļu izdevnīceiba, page 354
Latvian
editEtymology
editTraditionally derived from Proto-Baltic *pek- (metathesized to *kep-), from Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ- (“to roast, to cook”), from earlier *h₃-ép-kʷ-, *h₃p-ékʷ-. Karulis would rather see *pekʷ- as a metathesis of PIE date of a root *kep-, *kʷep- (“to smoke, to cook”), formed analogically from *tep- (“to be hot, to heat up”) on the model of *kel-, *tel- (“to build”). Cognates include Lithuanian kèpti, Old Church Slavonic пещи (pešti), пекѫ (pekǫ, 1 sg. pres.), Russian печь (pečʹ), пеку́ (pekú), Belarusian пекці́ (pjekcí), Ukrainian печи́ (pečý), пекти́ (pektý), Bulgarian пека́ (peká, 1st sg. pres.), Czech péci, Polish piec, Sanskrit पचति (pácati, “to roast, to bake, to cook, to boil”), Ancient Greek πέσσω (péssō, “to bake, to cook, to boil”) (from *pekʷye-), Latin coquō (“to cook, to roast, to dry”), Tocharian A, Tocharian B pāk- (“to cook, to boil”).[1]
Pronunciation
editVerb
editcept (transitive, 1st conjugation, present cepu, cep, cep, past cepu)
- to fry (to cook in hot fat, often one side and then the other)
- cept gaļas šķēles uz pannas ― to fry meat slices on a (frying) pan
- cept kotletes, pankūkas ― to fry meatballs, pancakes
- cepts speķis ― fried bacon
- ceptas olas ― fried eggs
- kundze pannā izkausēja krietnu margarīna piku un cepa līdaku ― the lady melted a big slab of butter on the pan and fried the pike (fish)
- to roast, to broil, to grill, to bake (to cook, usually without fat, with heat coming equally from all sides)
- cept gaļu ― to roast meat
- cept maizi ― to bake bread
- cept šašliku, desiņas uz iesma ― to broil meat, sausages on a spit
- cept sacepumu cepeškrāsnī ― to bake a pie in the oven
- Oliņu tēvs darīja alu, un Oliņu māte cepa raušus ― Father Oliņš brewed beer, and mother Oliņa baked the cakes
- Mare pašlaik cepa iesmā uzdurtu gaļas gabalu ― Mare is now broiling a piece of meat on a spit
Conjugation
editINDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | cepu | cepu | cepšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | cep | cepi | cepsi | cep |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | cep | cepa | ceps | lai cep |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | cepam | cepām | cepsim | cepsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | cepat | cepāt | cepsiet, cepsit |
cepiet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | cep | cepa | ceps | lai cep |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | cepot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | cepošs | ||
Past | esot cepis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | cepdams | ||
Future | cepšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | cepot | ||
Imperative | lai cepot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | cepam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | cepis | |||
Present | ceptu | Present Passive | cepams | ||
Past | būtu cepis | Past Passive | cepts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jācep | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | cept | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jācep | Negative Infinitive | necept | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jācepot | Verbal noun | cepšana |
Derived terms
edit- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “cept”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latgalian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latgalian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Latgalian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latgalian lemmas
- Latgalian verbs
- Latgalian transitive verbs
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian terms with audio pronunciation
- Latvian transitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t
- Latvian unchanging first conjugation verbs