bugan

English

Etymology

From Welsh bwgan (“hobgoblin”), from Middle Welsh, possibly from Middle English bugge.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbʊɡən/, /ˈbuːɡən/, /ˈbʌɡən/

Noun

bugan (plural bugans)

hobgoblin, evil spirit

Anagrams

Abung, buang, unbag

Cebuano

Etymology

Shortened form of bulogan.

Pronunciation

Hyphenation: bu‧gan

Noun

búgan

(anatomy) the groin

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:bugan.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *beuganą. Cognate with Old Saxon būgan, Old High German biogan, Gothic 𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (biugan).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbuː.ɡɑn/, [ˈbuː.ɣɑn]

Verb

būgan (intransitive)

to bend
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Mark 1:7
  Strengra cymþ æfter mē, þæs ne eom iċ wierðe þæt iċ his sċōna þwanga būgende oncnytte.
  Someone stronger is coming after me, who I'm unfit to bend down and untie the straps of his sandals.
to bow
- c. 992, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Nativity of Our Lord"
  Hē wæs ācenned on þæs cāseres dagum þe wæs Octaviānus ġehāten, sē ġerȳmde Rōmāna rīċe tō þon swīðe þæt him eall middanġeard tō bēag.
  He was born in the days of the emperor Octavian, who expanded the Roman Empire so much that the whole world bowed to him.
to turn (toward or away from something)
- late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Numbers 14:3
  Nis ūs lā betere þæt wē būgen onġēan tō Ēgypta lande?
  Isn't it better for us to turn back to Egypt?
- c. 992, Ælfric, "The Epiphany of the Lord"
  Sē þe fram Gode bȳġþ tō Dēofle, hē forlīest Godes ġiefe.
  People who turn from God to the Devil, they lose God's grace.
to yield, give way
to submit
- Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 912
  Þā fōr Ēadweard cyning mid sumum his fultume on Ēastseaxan tō Mǣldūne and wīcode þǣr þā hwīle þe man þā burg worhte and ġetimbrede æt Withām, and him bēag gōd dǣl þæs folces tō þe ǣr under Denisċra manna anwealde wǣron.
  Then King Edward traveled with some of his forces to Maldon in Essex, and encamped there while the fortifications were being built in Witham, and a good portion of the people submitted to him who had been living under Danish rule.
to withdraw, retire
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 5:13
  Sē þe þǣr ġehǣled wæs nysse hwā hit wæs: sē Hǣlend sōðlīċe bēag fram þǣre ġaderunge.
  The person who was healed didn't know who it was: Jesus had withdrawn from the crowd.
- c. 1932, J. R. R. Tolkien, Old English version of the "Annals of Beleriand"
  Morgoþ mid þȳ þe lēoht ætīewde bēag on his dēopostan ġedelf, ac siþþan smiðode þǣr fela þinga dearnunga and sende forþ sweartne smīeċ.
  Morgoth at the coming of the light withdrew into his deepest dungeons, but there he smithied many things in secret, and sent forth black smoke.

Usage notes

The transitive equivalent is bīeġan.

Conjugation

Conjugation of būgan (strong class 2)

indicative mood	present tense	past tense
infinitive	būgan	būgenne
first person singular	būge	bēag, bēah
second person singular	bȳġst	buge
third person singular	bȳġþ	bēag, bēah
plural	būgaþ	bugon
subjunctive	present tense	past tense
singular	būge	buge
plural	būgen	bugen
imperative
singular	būg, būh
plural	būgaþ
participle	present	past
	būgende	(ġe)bogen

Related terms

Derived terms

Descendants

Middle English: bowen, bouȝen, buȝen, bouwen, buwen, bowe
- English: (to) bow
- Scots: boo

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *beugan.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbuːɣɑn/

Verb

būgan

to bend, bow (down)

Conjugation

Conjugation of būgan (strong class 2)

indicative	present	past
infinitive	būgan
1st person singular	būgu	bōh
2nd person singular	būgis	bugi
3rd person singular	būgid	bōh
plural	būgad	bugun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	būge	bugi
2nd person singular	būges	bugis
3rd person singular	būge	bugi
plural	būgen	bugin
imperative	present
singular	būg
plural	būgad
participle	present	past
	būgandi	gibogan, bogan

Descendants

Middle Low German: būgen
- Low German: bugen