Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰerH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰerH-^[1]

to pierce
to strike

Derived terms

Template:PIE root see

*bʰer-ano-
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: բերան (beran, “mouth”)
*bʰorH-(e)-ti (o-grade root present?)
- Balto-Slavic: *bárˀtei
  - Latvian: bãrt
  - Lithuanian: bárti
  - Slavic: *borti (see there for further descendants)
*bʰorH-ye-ti (o-grade ye-present?)
- Germanic: *barjaną (see there for further descendants)
*bʰorH-eh₂yé-ti
- Italic:
  - Latin: forō
*bʰr̥H-o-m
- Germanic: *burą
  - Old English: bor
  - Old Saxon: *bor
    - Middle Low German: bor
  - ?→ *burōną (see there for further descendants)
*bʰr̥H-eh₂
- Germanic: *burō
  - Old High German: bora
  - ?→ *burōną (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Italic:
  - Latin: feriō
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: բիր (bir)
  - (perhaps) Old Armenian: բահ (bah)
- (perhaps) Sanskrit श्वभ्र (śvábhra)

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 133–134

Alternative reconstructions

*bʰer-^[1]^[2]

Root

Lua error in Module:parameters at line 1038: Parameter "id" is not used by this template.^[3]^[4]

brown

Derived terms

*bʰerH-o-s^[4]^[3]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bērˀas (“bay, reddish brown”) (secondary lengthening^[4])
  - Lithuanian: bėras, bė́ras
  - Latvian: bērs, bȩ̃rs
*bʰérH-ō ~ *bʰr̥H-nés^[3] (possibly, alternatively perhaps from *ǵʰwer- (“wild (animal)”)^[2])
- Proto-Germanic: *berô (“bear”) (see there for further descendants)
*bʰérH-u-s ~ *bʰr̥H-éw-s^[5] (possibly)
- ⇒ *bʰruH-nó-s (possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-nó-s)
  - Proto-Germanic: *brūnaz (“brown”)^[6] (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *bʰé-bʰr-u-s (“beaver”)^[1]^[5]^[7] (possibly, or perhaps via *bʰé-bʰr̥ ~ *bʰi-bʰr-ós^[8]^[9])

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “5. bher-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 136-137
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 106
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*beran-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 59-60
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “87”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page bėras
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ƀrūnaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 60
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page bebras of 84-85
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 265
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*bebura-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 57-58

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 133–134

[IEW-2] 1.0 ^1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “5. bher-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 136-137

[Ringe-3] 2.0 ^2.1 Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 106

[EDPG_beran-4] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*beran-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 59-60

[EDBIL-5] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Derksen, Rick (2015) “87”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page bėras

[IELC-6] 5.0 ^5.1 Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell

[HGE-7] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ƀrūnaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 60

[8] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page bebras of 84-85

[9] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 265

[EDPG_bebura-10] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*bebura-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 57-58

[1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]