cept
Latvian
Etymology
Traditionally derived from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Baltic *pek- (metathesized to *kep-), from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ- (“to roast, to cook”), from earlier *h₃-ép-kʷ-, *h₃p-ékʷ-. A more recent theory derives it from a putative (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-, a parallel (metathesized) form of *kep-, *kʷep- (“to smoke, to cook”), formed from *tep- (“to be hot, to heat up”) on the model of *kel-, *tel- “to build.” Cognates include (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Lithuanian (deprecated template usage) kèpti, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Church Slavonic (deprecated template usage) пєшти (pešti), 1st. pers. pres. (deprecated template usage) пєкѫ (pekǫ), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Russian (deprecated template usage) печь (pečʹ), (deprecated template usage) пеку (pekú), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Belarusian (deprecated template usage) пекці (pjekcí), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Ukrainian (deprecated template usage) печи (pečý), (deprecated template usage) пекти (pektý), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Bulgarian (deprecated template usage) пека (peká) (1st. pers. pres.), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Czech (deprecated template usage) péci, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Polish (deprecated template usage) piec, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Sanskrit (deprecated template usage) पचति (pácati), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Ancient Greek (deprecated template usage) πέσσω (péssō) (< *pekwiō), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Latin (deprecated template usage) coquere, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Tocharian A, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Tocharian B (deprecated template usage) pāk-.[1]
Pronunciation
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Verb
cept (transitive, 1st conjugation, present cepu, cep, cep, past cepu)
- to fry (to cook in hot fat, often one side and then the other)
- cept gaļas šķēles uz pannas — to fry meat slices on a (frying) pan
- cept kotletes, pankūkas — to fry meatballs, pancakes
- cepts speķis — fried bacon
- ceptas olas — fried eggs
- kundze pannā izkausēja krietnu margarīna piku un cepa līdaku — the lady melted a big slab of butter on the pan and fried the pike (fish)
- to roast, to broil, to grill, to bake (to cook, usually without fat, with heat coming equally from all sides)
- cept gaļu — to roast meat
- cept maizi — to bake bread
- cept šašliku, desiņas uz iesma — to broil meat, sausages on a spit
- cept sacepumu cepeškrāsnī — to bake a pie in the oven
- Oliņu tēvs darīja alu, un Oliņu māte cepa raušus — Father Oliņš brewed beer, and mother Oliņa baked the cakes
- Mare pašlaik cepa iesmā uzdurtu gaļas gabalu — Mare is now broiling a piece of meat on a spit
Conjugation
INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
1st pers. sg. | es | cepu | cepu | cepšu | — |
2nd pers. sg. | tu | cep | cepi | cepsi | cep |
3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | cep | cepa | ceps | lai cep |
1st pers. pl. | mēs | cepam | cepām | cepsim | cepsim |
2nd pers. pl. | jūs | cepat | cepāt | cepsiet, cepsit |
cepiet |
3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | cep | cepa | ceps | lai cep |
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
Present | cepot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | cepošs | ||
Past | esot cepis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | cepdams | ||
Future | cepšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | cepot | ||
Imperative | lai cepot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | cepam | ||
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | cepis | |||
Present | ceptu | Present Passive | cepams | ||
Past | būtu cepis | Past Passive | cepts | ||
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
Indicative | (būt) jācep | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | cept | ||
Conjunctive 1 | esot jācep | Negative Infinitive | necept | ||
Conjunctive 2 | jācepot | Verbal noun | cepšana |
Derived terms
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
See also
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “cept”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian transitive verbs
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs
- Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t
- Latvian unchanging first conjugation verbs