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===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/sɔɪl̩/|[sɔɪ̯ɫ̩]}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-soil.ogg|
* {{rhymes|en|ɔɪl̩|s=1}}
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# {{lb|en|uncountable}} A mixture of [[mineral]] [[particle]]s and [[organic]] material, used to support plant growth.
#: {{ux|en|We bought a bag of '''soil''' for the houseplants.}}
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} The unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
# {{lb|en|uncountable}} The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that has been subjected to and shows effects of genetic and environmental factors of: climate (including water and temperature effects), and macro- and microorganisms, conditioned by relief, acting on parent material over a period of time. A product-soil differs from the material from which it is derived in many physical, chemical, biological, and morphological properties and characteristics.
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#* {{quote-text|en|year=1902|author=Robert Marshall Grade|title=The Haunted Major
|passage=Except during the season in town, she spends her year in golfing, either at St Magnus or Pau, for, like all good Americans, she has long since abjured her native '''soil'''.}}
#* {{quote-web|en|date=2020-10-27|title=Thailand protesters query German embassy on absent king|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Turbulent-Thailand/Thailand-protesters-query-German-embassy-on-absent-king|
# That which soils or [[pollute]]s; a [[stain]].
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1690|author=
# A marshy or miry place to which a hunted boar resorts for refuge; hence, a wet place, stream, or tract of water, sought for by other game, as deer.
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1603|author=
# Dung; compost; manure.
#: {{ux|en|night '''soil'''}}
#* {{quote-book|en|year=1707|author=[[w:John Mortimer (agriculturalist)|J[ohn] Mortimer]]|chapter=Of Manuring, Dunging, and Soiling of Land|title=The Whole Art of Husbandry; Or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land|edition=2nd|location=London|publisher=J. H. for H. Mortlock, and J. Robinſon|year_published=1708|page=66|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9nxZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA66|passage=HAving given you an Account of the way of ordering of Meadows, Paſtures and Arable Land, with ſeveral Sorts of Improvement of them ; I ſhall in the next place proceed to give an Account of the ſeveral ways uſed to improve Land by Manure, Dung, and other Sort of '''Soils.'''}}
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=====Derived terms=====
{{col-auto|en|ABC soil|black cotton soil|blood and soil|desert soil|fill soil|night soil|night soil man|night-soil|racy of one's soil|soil biochemistry|soil centipede|soil chemistry|soil classification|soil conservation|soil creep|soil fertility|soil genesis|soil management|soil mechanics|soil microbiology|soil mineralogy|soil physics|soil pollution|soil science|soil scientist|soil stack|soil sterilant|son of the soil|swelling soil|take soil
|garden soil
* {{l|en|soilless}}▼
|soilless|virgin soil
|soil series
|topsoil|potting soil|sandy soil|virgin soil epidemic}}
=====Related terms=====
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* Basque: {{t|eu|lurzoru}}
* Bau Bidayuh: {{t|sne|tana'}}
* Belarusian: {{t|be|зямля́|f
* Bengali: {{t+|bn|মাটি
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|земя́|f}}, {{t+|bg|по́чва|f
* Burmese: {{t+|my|မြေ}}, {{t+|my|မြေဆီလွှာ
* Catalan: {{t+|ca|sòl|m}}
* Cebuano: {{t|ceb|yuta}}
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* Cherokee: {{t|chr|ᎦᏓ}}
* Chinese:
*: Cantonese: {{t|yue|泥|tr=nai4}}, {{t|yue|泥土
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|土壤
* Chuvash: {{t|cv|тӑпра}}
* Czech: {{t+|cs|půda|f}}, {{t+|cs|země|f}}
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* German: {{t+|de|Erde|f}}, {{t+|de|Grund|m}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|έδαφος|n}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|אֲדָמָה|f|tr=adamá
* Higaonon: {{t|mba|bugta}}
* Hiligaynon: {{t|hil|duta}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|मिट्टी|f}}, {{t+|
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|föld}}, {{t+|hu|talaj}}
* Iban: {{t|iba|tanah}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|jörð|f}}
* Indonesian: {{t+|id|tanah}}
*
* Italian: {{t+|it|suolo|m}}, {{t+|it|terra|f}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|土|tr=つち, tsuchi}}, {{t+|ja|土壌|tr=どじょう, dojō * Javanese: {{t+|jv|lemah}} {{qualifier|ngoko}}, {{t|jv|siti}} {{qualifier|krama}}
* Karachay-Balkar: {{t|krc|топракъ|tr=topraq}}, {{t|krc|топуракъ|tr=topuraq}}, {{t|krc|джер|tr=cer}}
* Kazakh: {{t
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ដី
* Korean: {{t+|ko|흙}}, {{t+|ko|토양(土壤)}}
* Kurdish:
*: Central Kurdish: {{t+|ckb|خاک}}
*: Northern Kurdish: {{t+|kmr|ax|f}}, {{t+|kmr|erd|m}}
* Kyrgyz: {{t+|ky|топурак
* Lao: {{t+|lo|ດິນ}}
* Latin: {{t+|la|humus}}
* Latvian: {{t+|lv|augsne|f}}, {{t+|lv|zeme|f}}
* Lithuanian: {{t|lt|dirva|f}}, {{t+|lt|žemė|f}}, {{t|lt|gruntas|m}}
* Low German: {{t|nds|Grund|m}}, {{t|nds|Eerd|f}}
* Lü: {{t|khb|ᦡᦲᧃ}}
* Macedonian: {{t+|mk|земја|f}}, {{t|mk|почва|f}}
* Malay: {{t+|ms|tanah}}
* Malayalam: {{t+|ml|മണ്ണ്}}
* Maltese: {{t|mt|ħamrija|f}}
* Manchu: {{t|mnc|ᠪᠣᡳᡥᠣᠨ}}
* Mongolian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t+|mn|шороо * Nahuatl: {{t|nah|tlālpantli}}
* Navajo: {{t|nv|łeezh}}
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* Norwegian:
*: Bokmål: {{t+|nb|jord|m|f}}
*: Nynorsk: {{t|nn|jord|f}}
* Old Church Slavonic:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|cu|землꙗ|f}}
▲* Oriya: {{t+|or|ମାଟି}}
* Oromo: {{t|om|biyya}}, {{t+|om|biyyoo}}, {{t|om|dachee}}, {{t|om|lafa}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|طوپراق|tr=toprak}}, {{t|ota|تراب|tr=türâb}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|خاک|tr=xâk}}▼
* Pashto: {{t+|ps|خاوره|f|tr=xāwra}}
▲* Persian: {{t+|fa|خاک|tr=xâk}}, {{t+|fa|زَمین|tr=zamin}}
* Plautdietsch: {{t|pdt|Ieed|f}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|ziemia|f}}, {{t+|pl|gleba|f}}
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* Sebop: {{t|sib|tana'}}
* Serbo-Croatian:
*: Cyrillic: {{t|sh|
*: Roman: {{t+|sh|
* Shan: {{t+|shn|လိၼ်}}
* Sherpa: {{t|xsr|ས}}
* Slovak: {{t|sk|pôda|f}}, {{t+|sk|zem|f}}
* Slovene: {{t+|sl|zemlja|f}}, {{t+|sl|prst|f}}
* Southern Altai: {{t|alt|јер}}, {{t|alt|тобрак}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|suelo|m}}
* Swahili: {{t+|sw|mchanga}}
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* Tabasaran: {{t|tab|руг}}
* Tagalog: {{t+|tl|lupa}}, {{t|tl|sulip}}
* Tajik: {{t+|tg|хок
* Tamil: {{t+|ta|மண்}}, {{t|ta|மண்ணு}}
* Taos: {{t|twf|ną̀méne}}
* Tarifit: {{t|rif|šar|m}}
* Tatar: {{t+|tt|туфрак
* Thai: {{t+|th|ดิน}}
* Tibetan: {{t|bo|ས}}
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* Turkish: {{t+|tr|toprak}}
* Turkmen: {{t|tk|toprak}}
* Ukrainian: {{t+|uk|земля́|f
* Urdu: {{t|ur|
* Uyghur: {{t|ug|تۇپراق}}
* Uzbek: {{t+|uz|tuproq}}
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* German: {{t+|de|Boden|m}}
* Hungarian: {{t+|hu|táptalaj}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|jarðvegur|m}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|terreno|m}}
* Khmer: {{t+|km|ដី
* Latin: {{t+|la|humus|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|почва|f}}
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* Fula: {{t|ff|leydi}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|ნიადაგი}}
* Icelandic: {{t+|is|jarðvegur|m}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|почва|f}}
* Malay: {{t|ms|تانيه|tr=[[tanih]]}}
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* Fula: {{t|ff|leydi}}
* Greek: {{t+|el|έδαφος|n}}
* Macedonian: {{t+|mk|земја|f}}
* Norman: {{t|nrf|tèrre|f}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|خاک}}
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* Ido: {{t+check|io|sulo}}
* Italian: {{t+check|it|terra|f}}
* Korean: {{t+check|ko|흙
* Persian: {{t+check|fa|خاک|tr=xâk}}
* Rohingya: {{t-check|rhg|meçi}}
{{trans-bottom}}
* {{l|en|alluvium}}
===Etymology 2===
From {{inh|en|enm|soilen}}, {{m|enm|soulen}}, {{m|enm|suylen|t=to sully, make dirty}}, partly from {{der|en|fro|soillier}}, {{m|fro|souillier|t=to soil, make dirty, wallow in mire}}, from Old {{der|en|frk|*
====Verb====
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# {{lb|en|transitive}} To make [[dirty]].
#* {{RQ:Milton Paradise Lost|book=VIII|lines=1073–1080|passage={{...}}Bad Fruit of Knowledge, if this be to know, / Which leaves us naked thus, of Honour void, / Of innocence, of Faith, of Puritie, / Our wonted Ornaments now '''ſoild''' and ſtaind, / And in our Faces evident the ſignes / Of foul concupiſcence ; whence eveil ſtore ; / Even ſhame, the laſt of evils ; of the firſt / Be ſure then.|year=1873}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To become dirty or soiled.
#: {{ux|en|Light colours '''soil''' sooner than dark ones.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive|figurative}} To stain or mar, as with infamy or disgrace; to tarnish; to [[sully]].
#* {{RQ:Shakespeare Hamlet Q1-2|version=Q2|act=I|scene=iv|passage={{...}}They [[clepe|clip]] vs drunkards, and with [[swinish|Swiniſh]] phraſe / '''Soyle''' our [[addition]], and indeede it takes / From our atchieuements, though perform’d at [[height]] / The pith and marrow of our attribute{{...}}}}
# {{lb|en|reflexive}} To dirty one's clothing by accidentally defecating while clothed.
#: {{ux|en|The child was so scared she '''soiled''' herself.}}
# To make invalid, to ruin.
# To enrich with soil or muck; to manure.
#* {{quote-book|en|date=1676-04-30|author=
=====Synonyms=====
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=====Derived terms=====
* {{l|en|soil oneself}}
* {{l|en|soilage||act of soiling; condition of being soiled}}
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* Latin: {{t|la|spurco}}, {{t|la|foedō}}, {{t|la|polluo}}
* Macedonian: {{t|mk|валка}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|كیرلمك|tr=kirlemek}}, {{t|ota|پیسلمك|tr=pislemek}}, {{t|ota|مردارلامق|tr=murdarlamak}}
* Persian: {{t|fa|خاکی کردن|tr=xâki kardan}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|brudzić}}
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===Etymology 4===
From {{
====Verb====
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# To feed, as cattle or horses, in the barn or an enclosure, with fresh grass or green food cut for them, instead of sending them out to pasture; hence (due to such food having the effect of purging them) to purge by feeding on green food.
#: {{ux|en|to '''soil''' a horse}}
=====Derived terms=====
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===Anagrams===
* {{anagrams|en|a=ilos|LOIs|silo|Lois|
{{c|en|Geology|Natural materials}}
|