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Line 5: ===Pronunciation=== * {{IPA\|en\|/sɔɪl̩/\|[sɔɪ̯ɫ̩]}} * {{audio\|en\|en-us-soil.ogg\|~~Audio (~~a=US)}} * {{rhymes\|en\|ɔɪl̩\|s=1}} Line 18: # {{lb\|en\|uncountable}} A mixture of [[mineral]] [[particle]]s and [[organic]] material, used to support plant growth. #: {{ux\|en\|We bought a bag of '''soil''' for the houseplants.}} # {{lb\|en\|uncountable}} The unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants. # {{lb\|en\|uncountable}} The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that has been subjected to and shows effects of genetic and environmental factors of: climate (including water and temperature effects), and macro- and microorganisms, conditioned by relief, acting on parent material over a period of time. A product-soil differs from the material from which it is derived in many physical, chemical, biological, and morphological properties and characteristics. Line 24: #* {{quote-text\|en\|year=1902\|author=Robert Marshall Grade\|title=The Haunted Major \|passage=Except during the season in town, she spends her year in golfing, either at St Magnus or Pau, for, like all good Americans, she has long since abjured her native '''soil'''.}} #* {{quote-web\|en\|date=2020-10-27\|title=Thailand protesters query German embassy on absent king\|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Turbulent-Thailand/Thailand-protesters-query-German-embassy-on-absent-king\|~~first~~author=Apornrath~~\|last=~~ Phoonphongphiphat~~\|last2=~~; Yuda Masayuki~~\|first2=Yuda~~\|work=Nikkei Asia\|publisher=Nikkei Inc\|accessdate=2020-10-27\|text=Pro-democracy demonstrations in the Thai capital saw Germany's embassy become the focus Monday as the throngs of protesters gathered in front of the mission asked Berlin to investigate whether King Maha Vajiralongkorn is inappropriately conducting state business on German '''soil'''.}} # That which soils or [[pollute]]s; a [[stain]]. #* {{quote-book\|en\|year=1690\|author={{w\|:John Dryden}}\|title=Don Sebastian, King of Portugal: A Tragedy Acted at the Theatre Royal\|location=London\|publisher=Jo. Hindmarſh\|section=~~Act~~act V\|page=118\|pageurl=https://archive.org/stream/donsebastianking00dryd_0#page/118\|passage=And ſince not only a dead Fathers fame, / But more a Ladies honour muſt be touch’d, / Which nice as Ermines will not bear a '''Soil''' ; / Let all retire ; that you alone may hear / What ev’n in whiſpers I won’d tell your ear.}} # A marshy or miry place to which a hunted boar resorts for refuge; hence, a wet place, stream, or tract of water, sought for by other game, as deer. #* {{quote-book\|en\|year=1603\|author={{w\|:John Marston~~}}\|author2={{~~; w\|:John Webster}}\|title={{w\|:The Malcontent}}\|section=~~Act~~act III, scene i\|sectionurl=https://archive.org/stream/malcontent00mars_0#page/n37\|passage=As Deere being ſtrucke flie thorow many '''ſoiles,''' / Yet ſtill the ſhaft ſitcks faſt, ſo ;}} # Dung; compost; manure. #: {{ux\|en\|night '''soil'''}} #* {{quote-book\|en\|year=1707\|author=[[w:John Mortimer (agriculturalist)\|J[ohn] Mortimer]]\|chapter=Of Manuring, Dunging, and Soiling of Land\|title=The Whole Art of Husbandry; Or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land\|edition=2nd\|location=London\|publisher=J. H. for H. Mortlock, and J. Robinſon\|year_published=1708\|page=66\|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=9nxZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA66\|passage=HAving given you an Account of the way of ordering of Meadows, Paſtures and Arable Land, with ſeveral Sorts of Improvement of them ; I ſhall in the next place proceed to give an Account of the ſeveral ways uſed to improve Land by Manure, Dung, and other Sort of '''Soils.'''}} Line 40: =====Derived terms===== {{col-auto\|en\|ABC soil\|black cotton soil\|blood and soil\|desert soil\|fill soil\|night soil\|night soil man\|night-soil\|racy of one's soil\|soil biochemistry\|soil centipede\|soil chemistry\|soil classification\|soil conservation\|soil creep\|soil fertility\|soil genesis\|soil management\|soil mechanics\|soil microbiology\|soil mineralogy\|soil physics\|soil pollution\|soil science\|soil scientist\|soil stack\|soil sterilant\|son of the soil\|swelling soil\|take soil ~~{{rel-top3\|Terms derived from ''soil''}}~~ * {{l\|en\|home soil}} * {{l\|en\|native soil}} * {{l\|en\|racy of the soil}} \|garden soil * {{l\|en\|soilless}}▼ \|soilless\|virgin soil * {{l\|en\|soil nail}} * {{l\|en\|soil ~~pipe}}~~nail * {{l\|en\|soil ~~series}}~~pipe \|soil series * {{l\|en\|topsoil}} \|topsoil\|potting soil\|sandy soil\|virgin soil epidemic}} ~~{{rel-bottom}}~~ =====Related terms===== Line 68: * Basque: {{t\|eu\|lurzoru}} * Bau Bidayuh: {{t\|sne\|tana'}} * Belarusian: {{t\|be\|зямля́\|f~~\|sc=Cyrl~~}}, {{t+\|be\|гле́ба\|f~~\|sc=Cyrl~~}}, {{t\|be\|грунт\|m~~\|sc=Cyrl~~}} * Bengali: {{t+\|bn\|মাটি~~\|sc=Beng~~}}, {{t+\|bn\|ভূমি}} * Bulgarian: {{t+\|bg\|земя́\|f}}, {{t+\|bg\|по́чва\|f~~\|sc=Cyrl~~}} * Burmese: {{t+\|my\|မြေ}}, {{t+\|my\|မြေဆီလွှာ~~\|sc=Mymr~~}} {{q\|fertile layer}} * Catalan: {{t+\|ca\|sòl\|m}} * Cebuano: {{t\|ceb\|yuta}} Line 78: * Cherokee: {{t\|chr\|ᎦᏓ}} * Chinese: : Cantonese: {{t\|yue\|泥\|tr=nai4}}, {{t\|yue\|泥土~~\|tr=nai4 tou2~~}}, {{t\|yue\|土\|tr=tou2}}, {{t\|yue\|土壤}} : Mandarin: {{t+\|cmn\|土壤~~\|tr=tǔrǎng~~}}, {{t+\|cmn\|泥土~~\|tr=nítǔ~~}}, {{t+\|cmn\|地\|tr=dì}} * Chuvash: {{t\|cv\|тӑпра}} * Czech: {{t+\|cs\|půda\|f}}, {{t+\|cs\|země\|f}} Line 92: * German: {{t+\|de\|Erde\|f}}, {{t+\|de\|Grund\|m}} * Greek: {{t+\|el\|έδαφος\|n}} * Hebrew: {{t+\|he\|אֲדָמָה\|f\|tr=adamá~~\|sc=Hebr~~}}, {{t+\|he\|עָפָר\|f\|tr='afár~~\|sc=Hebr~~}} * Higaonon: {{t\|mba\|bugta}} * Hiligaynon: {{t\|hil\|duta}} * Hindi: {{t+\|hi\|मिट्टी\|f}}, {{t+\|~~sc=Deva~~hi\|धरती\|f}}, {{t+\|hi\|ज़मीन\|f}} * Hungarian: {{t+\|hu\|föld}}, {{t+\|hu\|talaj}} * Iban: {{t\|iba\|tanah}} * Icelandic: {{t+\|is\|jörð\|f}} * Indonesian: {{t+\|id\|tanah}} * ~~Italian~~Ingrian: {{t+\|itizh\|~~suolo~~gruntti}}, {{t\|izh\|mmaa}} * Italian: {{t+\|it\|suolo\|m}}, {{t+\|it\|terra\|f}} * Japanese: {{t+\|ja\|土\|tr=つち, tsuchi}}, {{t+\|ja\|土壌\|tr=どじょう, dojō~~\|sc=Jpan~~}}, {{t+\|ja\|地\|tr=ち, chi}} * Javanese: {{t+\|jv\|lemah}} {{qualifier\|ngoko}}, {{t\|jv\|siti}} {{qualifier\|krama}} * Karachay-Balkar: {{t\|krc\|топракъ\|tr=topraq}}, {{t\|krc\|топуракъ\|tr=topuraq}}, {{t\|krc\|джер\|tr=cer}} * Kazakh: {{t+\|kk\|топырақ~~\|sc=Cyrl~~}} * Khmer: {{t+\|km\|ដី~~\|tr=dəy\|sc=Khmr~~}} * Korean: {{t+\|ko\|흙}}, {{t+\|ko\|토양(土壤)}} * Kurdish: : Central Kurdish: {{t+\|ckb\|خاک}} : Northern Kurdish: {{t+\|kmr\|ax\|f}}, {{t+\|kmr\|erd\|m}} * Kyrgyz: {{t+\|ky\|топурак~~\|sc=Cyrl~~}} * Lao: {{t+\|lo\|ດິນ}} * Latin: {{t+\|la\|humus}} * Latvian: {{t+\|lv\|augsne\|f}}, {{t+\|lv\|zeme\|f}} * Lithuanian: {{t\|lt\|dirva\|f}}, {{t+\|lt\|žemė\|f}}, {{t\|lt\|gruntas\|m}} * Low German: {{t\|nds\|Grund\|m}}, {{t\|nds\|Eerd\|f}} * Lü: {{t\|khb\|ᦡᦲᧃ}} * Macedonian: {{t+\|mk\|земја\|f}}, {{t\|mk\|почва\|f}} * Malay: {{t+\|ms\|tanah}} * Malayalam: {{t+\|ml\|മണ്ണ്}} * Maltese: {{t\|mt\|ħamrija\|f}} * Manchu: {{t\|mnc\|ᠪᠣᡳᡥᠣᠨ}} * Mongolian: : Cyrillic: {{t+\|mn\|шороо~~\|sc=Cyrl~~}}, {{t+\|mn\|хөрс}} Nahuatl: {{t\|nah\|tlālpantli}} * Navajo: {{t\|nv\|łeezh}} Line 129 ⟶ 131: * Norwegian: : Bokmål: {{t+\|nb\|jord\|m\|f}} : Nynorsk: {{t\|nn\|jord\|f}} * ~~Oriya~~Odia: {{t+\|or\|ମାଟି}}▼ * Old Church Slavonic: : Cyrillic: {{t\|cu\|землꙗ\|f}} ▲ Oriya: {{t+\|or\|ମାଟି}} * Oromo: {{t\|om\|biyya}}, {{t+\|om\|biyyoo}}, {{t\|om\|dachee}}, {{t\|om\|lafa}} * Ottoman Turkish: {{t\|ota\|طوپراق\|tr=toprak}}, {{t\|ota\|تراب\|tr=türâb}} * Persian: {{t+\|fa\|خاک\|tr=xâk}}▼ * Pashto: {{t+\|ps\|خاوره\|f\|tr=xāwra}} ▲* Persian: {{t+\|fa\|خاک\|tr=xâk}}, {{t+\|fa\|زَمین\|tr=zamin}} * Plautdietsch: {{t\|pdt\|Ieed\|f}} * Polish: {{t+\|pl\|ziemia\|f}}, {{t+\|pl\|gleba\|f}} Line 143 ⟶ 148: * Sebop: {{t\|sib\|tana'}} * Serbo-Croatian: : Cyrillic: {{t\|sh\|~~земља~~зѐмља\|f~~\|sc=Cyrl~~}} : Roman: {{t+\|sh\|~~zemlja~~zèmlja\|f}} * Shan: {{t+\|shn\|လိၼ်}} * Sherpa: {{t\|xsr\|ས}} * Slovak: {{t\|sk\|pôda\|f}}, {{t+\|sk\|zem\|f}} * Slovene: {{t+\|sl\|zemlja\|f}}, {{t+\|sl\|prst\|f}} * Southern Altai: {{t\|alt\|јер}}, {{t\|alt\|тобрак}} * Spanish: {{t+\|es\|suelo\|m}} * Swahili: {{t+\|sw\|mchanga}} Line 155 ⟶ 161: * Tabasaran: {{t\|tab\|руг}} * Tagalog: {{t+\|tl\|lupa}}, {{t\|tl\|sulip}} * Tajik: {{t+\|tg\|хок~~\|sc=Cyrl~~}}, {{t+\|tg\|гил}}, {{t+\|tg\|~~sc=Cyrl~~замин}} * Tamil: {{t+\|ta\|மண்}}, {{t\|ta\|மண்ணு}} * Taos: {{t\|twf\|ną̀méne}} * Tarifit: {{t\|rif\|šar\|m}} * Tatar: {{t+\|tt\|туфрак~~\|sc=Cyrl~~}} * Thai: {{t+\|th\|ดิน}} * Tibetan: {{t\|bo\|ས}} Line 164 ⟶ 171: * Turkish: {{t+\|tr\|toprak}} * Turkmen: {{t\|tk\|toprak}} * Ukrainian: {{t+\|uk\|земля́\|f~~\|sc=Cyrl~~}}, {{t+\|uk\|ґрунт\|m~~\|sc=Cyrl~~}} * Urdu: {{t\|ur\|~~مٹی~~مِٹِّی\|f}}, {{t\|~~tr=miṭṭī~~ur\|دَھرْتی\|f}}, {{t+\|~~sc=~~ur~~-Arab~~\|زَمِین\|f}} * Uyghur: {{t\|ug\|تۇپراق}} * Uzbek: {{t+\|uz\|tuproq}} Line 191 ⟶ 198: * German: {{t+\|de\|Boden\|m}} * Hungarian: {{t+\|hu\|táptalaj}} * Icelandic: {{t+\|is\|jarðvegur\|m}} * Italian: {{t+\|it\|terreno\|m}} * Khmer: {{t+\|km\|ដី~~\|tr=dəy\|sc=Khmr~~}} * Latin: {{t+\|la\|humus\|m}} * Macedonian: {{t\|mk\|почва\|f}} Line 225 ⟶ 232: * Fula: {{t\|ff\|leydi}} * Georgian: {{t\|ka\|ნიადაგი}} * Icelandic: {{t+\|is\|jarðvegur\|m}} * Macedonian: {{t\|mk\|почва\|f}} * Malay: {{t\|ms\|تانيه\|tr=[[tanih]]}} Line 252 ⟶ 259: * Fula: {{t\|ff\|leydi}} * Greek: {{t+\|el\|έδαφος\|n}} * Macedonian: {{t+\|mk\|земја\|f}} * Norman: {{t\|nrf\|tèrre\|f}} * Persian: {{t+\|fa\|خاک}} Line 270 ⟶ 277: * Ido: {{t+check\|io\|sulo}} * Italian: {{t+check\|it\|terra\|f}} * Korean: {{t+check\|ko\|흙~~\|sc=Kore~~}} * Persian: {{t+check\|fa\|خاک\|tr=xâk}} * Rohingya: {{t-check\|rhg\|meçi}} {{trans-bottom}} =====See also===== * {{l\|en\|alluvium}} ===Etymology 2=== From {{inh\|en\|enm\|soilen}}, {{m\|enm\|soulen}}, {{m\|enm\|suylen\|t=to sully, make dirty}}, partly from {{der\|en\|fro\|soillier}}, {{m\|fro\|souillier\|t=to soil, make dirty, wallow in mire}}, from Old {{der\|en\|frk\|~~sauljan~~saulijan}}, {{m\|gmw-pro\|~~sulljan~~sulwijan\|t=to make dirty, soil}}; partly from {{inh\|en\|ang\|solian}}, {{m\|ang\|sylian\|t=to soil, make dirty}}, from {{inh\|en\|gem-pro\|sulwōną}}, {{m\|gem-pro\|sulwijaną}}, {{m\|gem-pro\|saulijaną\|t=to soil, make dirty}}, from {{der\|en\|ine-pro\|sūl-\|t=thick liquid}}. Cognate with {{cog\|ofs\|sulia\|t=to soil, mire}}, {{cog\|dum\|soluwen}}, {{m\|dum\|seulewen\|t=to soil, besmirch}}, {{cog\|goh\|solōn}}, {{m\|goh\|bisulen\|t=to make dirty}}, {{cog\|de\|suhlen\|t=to soil, make dirty}}, {{cog\|da\|søle\|t=to make dirty, defile}}, {{cog\|sv\|söla\|t=to soil, make dirty}}, {{cog\|got\|𐌱𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽\|t=to bemire}}. Compare {{m\|en\|sully}}. ====Verb==== Line 285 ⟶ 292: # {{lb\|en\|transitive}} To make [[dirty]]. #* {{RQ:Milton Paradise Lost\|book=VIII\|lines=1073–1080\|passage={{...}}Bad Fruit of Knowledge, if this be to know, / Which leaves us naked thus, of Honour void, / Of innocence, of Faith, of Puritie, / Our wonted Ornaments now '''ſoild''' and ſtaind, / And in our Faces evident the ſignes / Of foul concupiſcence ; whence eveil ſtore ; / Even ſhame, the laſt of evils ; of the firſt / Be ſure then.\|year=1873}} # {{lb\|en\|intransitive}} To become dirty or soiled. #: {{ux\|en\|Light colours '''soil''' sooner than dark ones.}} # {{lb\|en\|transitive\|figurative}} To stain or mar, as with infamy or disgrace; to tarnish; to [[sully]]. #* {{RQ:Shakespeare Hamlet Q1-2\|version=Q2\|act=I\|scene=iv\|passage={{...}}They [[clepe\|clip]] vs drunkards, and with [[swinish\|Swiniſh]] phraſe / '''Soyle''' our [[addition]], and indeede it takes / From our atchieuements, though perform’d at [[height]] / The pith and marrow of our attribute{{...}}}} # {{lb\|en\|reflexive}} To dirty one's clothing by accidentally defecating while clothed. #: {{ux\|en\|The child was so scared she '''soiled''' herself.}} # To make invalid, to ruin. # To enrich with soil or muck; to manure. #* {{quote-book\|en\|date=1676-04-30\|author={{w\|:Robert South}}\|chapter=A Sermon Preached at Westminster Abbey\|title=Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions\|volume=I\|location=New York\|publisher={{w\|:Hurd and Houghton}}\|year_published=1866\|page=176\|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=kM26-hZPi5sC&pg=PA176\|passage=For to be kind to the former is traffic ; and in these times men present, just as they '''soil''' their ground, not that they love the dirt, but that they expect a crop : and for the latter, the politician well approves of the Indian’s religion, in worshiping the devil, that he may do him no hurt ; how much soever he hates him, and is hated by him.}} =====Synonyms===== Line 300 ⟶ 307: =====Derived terms===== ▲* {{l\|en\|~~soilless~~soil one's pants}} * {{l\|en\|soil oneself}} * {{l\|en\|soilage\|\|act of soiling; condition of being soiled}} Line 324 ⟶ 332: * Latin: {{t\|la\|spurco}}, {{t\|la\|foedō}}, {{t\|la\|polluo}} * Macedonian: {{t\|mk\|валка}} * Ottoman Turkish: {{t\|ota\|كیرلمك\|tr=kirlemek}}, {{t\|ota\|پیسلمك\|tr=pislemek}}, {{t\|ota\|مردارلامق\|tr=murdarlamak}} * Persian: {{t\|fa\|خاکی کردن\|tr=xâki kardan}} * Polish: {{t+\|pl\|brudzić}} Line 374 ⟶ 383: ===Etymology 4=== From {{~~bor~~der\|en\|fro\|saoler}}, {{m\|fro\|saouler\|\|to satiate}}. ====Verb==== Line 380 ⟶ 389: # To feed, as cattle or horses, in the barn or an enclosure, with fresh grass or green food cut for them, instead of sending them out to pasture; hence (due to such food having the effect of purging them) to purge by feeding on green food. #: {{ux\|en\|to '''soil''' a horse}} =====Derived terms===== Line 389 ⟶ 398: ===Anagrams=== * {{anagrams\|en\|a=ilos\|LOIs\|silo\|Lois\|~~Sol I~~Soli\|soli\|oils\|~~silo\|soli~~Sol I}} {{c\|en\|Geology\|Natural materials}}