Solanum retroflexum, commonly known as umsobo (isiZulu), wonderberry[1] or sunberry,[1] is a historic heirloom fruiting shrub. Both common names are also used for the European black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) in some places, particularly where the latter species has been introduced, so care must be taken to distinguish them. It is sometimes called garden huckleberry, but that properly refers to the species S. scabrum described by Philip Miller.
| Solanum retroflexum | |
|---|---|
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| Flowers and unripe fruit of Solanum retroflexum | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Solanales |
| Family: | Solanaceae |
| Genus: | Solanum |
| Species: | S. retroflexum
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| Binomial name | |
| Solanum retroflexum Dunal
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Solanum × burbankii | |
The plant produces diminutive, dark blue-purple edible fruits that are bland in flavor and often combined with sugar in desserts. Green (unripe) fruits may be poisonous.[citation needed]
Description
editPlants are compact, typically growing to a height of 12–24 in (30–61 cm), and may fruit at sizes as small as 4 in (10 cm). The plant produces diminutive, dark blue-purple edible fruits. Green (unripe) fruits may be poisonous.[citation needed]
Taxonomy
editIts old scientific name[citation needed] that is still often seen, Solanum × burbankii, indicates a plant of hybrid origin. It was supposedly bred by Luther Burbank in the early 1900s as a hybrid of S. villosum and S. guineense[2] but in fact S. retroflexum is a proper species of its own, while the supposed hybrid combination would not be viable due to different ploidy of S. guineense and S. villosum.
Phylogeny
editPhylogenetic research suggests S. retroflexum's closest living relatives to be garden huckleberry (S. scabrum), golden pearls (S. villosum), and S. annuum in order of recency of deviation.[3]
The following phylogenetic tree is suggested:[3]
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Cultivation
editThe wonderberry shrub is an easy-to-grow plant which is grown similarly to tomatoes. Seeds are sown in the summer in full or part sun. Fruit can be expected in 75 days.
References
edit- ^ a b c "Solanum retroflexum Dunal". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
- ^ Year Book. Vol. 6. Carnegie Institution of Washington. 1907. p. 176. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
- ^ a b "Solanum retroflexum - opentree". Open Tree of Life. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
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