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2016 United States presidential election in Illinois

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Main article: 2016 United States presidential election

The 2016 United States presidential election in Illinois was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Illinois voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, businessman Donald Trump, and running mate Indiana Governor Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and her running mate Virginia Senator Tim Kaine. Illinois had 20 votes in the Electoral College.[1]

2016 United States presidential election in Illinois
← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 →
Turnout68.95%
 
Nominee Hillary Clinton Donald Trump
Party Democratic Republican
Home state New York New York
Running mate Tim Kaine Mike Pence
Electoral vote 20 0
Popular vote 3,090,729 2,146,015
Percentage 55.24% 38.35%
President before election

Barack Obama
Democratic

Elected President

Donald Trump
Republican

Illinois was won by Clinton, who garnered 55.24% of the votes cast against Trump's 38.35%, thus winning the state by a margin of 17.07%. Prior to the election, news organizations accurately predicted that the state would be carried by Clinton, who was born in Illinois. Clinton won by a slightly wider margin than Barack Obama in 2012, making it one of eleven states (and the District of Columbia) in which she outperformed Obama's 2012 margin; however, due to an increase in third-party voting, her overall percentage of the vote was lower than Obama's in both his runs.[2] Trump flipped eleven counties red, although all of them have small populations; the most populous of them, Whiteside County, has under 60,000 residents. He also became the first Republican ever to win the White House without carrying DeKalb, DuPage, Kane, Lake, Will, or Winnebago Counties.

Primaries

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Presidential primary elections for three parties were held in Illinois. From January 25 to February 17, 2016, the Green Party of the United States held primaries and caucuses, as part of the Green Party presidential primaries, to elect delegates representing a candidate at the 2016 Green National Convention. Physician and activist Jill Stein won a landslide of the popular vote, taking almost all of the state's 23 delegates. On March 15, 2016, both the Democratic and Republican parties held primaries in Illinois as part of a five-state contest being held on the day in both the Democratic and Republican presidential primaries. In the Democratic primaries, 156 pledged delegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention were elected and awarded to candidates proportionally, according to countywide and statewide vote. In the Republican primaries, 69 delegates to the 2016 Republican National Convention were elected and awarded to the first place candidate, according to statewide vote.

Democratic

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Main article: 2016 Illinois Democratic presidential primary

The 2016 Illinois Democratic presidential primary was held on March 15, 2016, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Democratic Party's state primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election.

Forum

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March 14, 2016 – Columbus, Ohio, and Springfield, Illinois: The tenth forum was held at 6:00 pm EDT on March 14, 2016, at the campus of Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, and at the Old State Capitol State Historic Site (Illinois) in Springfield, Illinois. It aired on MSNBC. The first section of the town hall with Bernie Sanders was moderated by Chuck Todd; the second section of the town hall with Hillary Clinton was moderated by Chris Matthews.

Results

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Six candidates appeared on the Democratic presidential primary ballot:[3]

Illinois Democratic primary, March 15, 2016
Candidate Popular vote Estimated delegates
Count Percentage Pledged Unpledged Total
Hillary Clinton 1,039,555 50.56% 79 24 103
Bernie Sanders 999,494 48.61% 77 1 78
Willie Wilson 6,565 0.32%
Martin O'Malley (withdrawn) 6,197 0.30% 0 1 1
Lawrence "Larry Joe" Cohen 2,407 0.12%
Rocky De La Fuente 1,802 0.09%
Others 27 0.00%
Uncommitted — 0 1 1
Total 2,056,047 100% 156 27 183
Source: [4][5][6]

Republican

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2016 Illinois Republican presidential primary
 
← 2012 March 15, 2016 (2016-03-15) 2020 →
     
Candidate Donald Trump Ted Cruz
Home state New York Texas
Delegate count 54 9
Popular vote 562,464 438,235
Percentage 38.80% 30.23%
     
Candidate John Kasich Marco Rubio
Home state Ohio Florida
Delegate count 6 0
Popular vote 286,118 126,681
Percentage 19.74% 8.74%
 
Results by county

The 2016 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on March 15, 2016, in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's state primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election.

Ten candidates appeared on the Republican presidential primary ballot:[3]

Illinois Republican primary, March 15, 2016
Candidate Votes Percentage Actual delegate count
Bound Unbound Total
Donald Trump 562,464 38.80% 54 0 54
Ted Cruz 438,235 30.23% 9 0 9
John Kasich 286,118 19.74% 6 0 6
Marco Rubio 126,681 8.74% 0 0 0
Ben Carson (withdrawn) 11,469 0.79% 0 0 0
Jeb Bush (withdrawn) 11,188 0.77% 0 0 0
Rand Paul (withdrawn) 4,718 0.33% 0 0 0
Chris Christie (withdrawn) 3,428 0.24% 0 0 0
Mike Huckabee (withdrawn) 2,737 0.19% 0 0 0
Carly Fiorina (withdrawn) 1,540 0.11% 0 0 0
Rick Santorum (withdrawn) 1,154 0.08% 0 0 0
Unprojected delegates: 0 0 0
Total: 1,449,748 100.00% 69 0 69
Source: The Green Papers

Green

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2016 Illinois Green Party presidential primary
 
← 2012 January 25–February 17, 2016 2020 →
23 Green National Convention delegates
     
Candidate Jill Stein William Kreml
Party Green Green
Home state Massachusetts South Carolina
Delegate count 20 1
Popular vote 119 5
Percentage 88.81% 3.73%

The 2016 Illinois Green Party presidential primary was held from January 25 through February 17 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Green Party's state primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. It was run by the Green Party of Illinois. Illinois' primary was the first to be held of the series of presidential primaries held by the Green Party of the United States. Registered Green party voters could participate in the primary through an online ballot or at select caucus sites in the state on various dates. 23 delegates to the 2016 Green National Convention were up for election in this primary.

Five candidates stood for election, including a sixth "uncommitted" option for the ballot. The candidates included activist and Green nominee in the 2012 presidential election, Jill Stein, singer-songwriter Darryl Cherney, businesswoman Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry, perennial candidate Kent Mesplay, and professor William "Bill" Kreml. By the end of the primary, 134 votes were cast, with Stein winning a landslide 89% of the vote. 20 delegates from Illinois to the convention were allocated to Stein following the primary, with 1 being allocated to William Kreml and 2 being sent as uncommitted delegates.[7][8]

Illinois Green Party presidential primary, January 25 - February 17, 2016
Candidate Votes Percentage National delegates
  Jill Stein 119 88.81% 20
William Kreml 5 3.73% 1
Kent Mesplay 2 1.49% 0
Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry 2 1.49% 0
Darryl Cherney 0 0.00% 0
Uncommitted 10 7.46% 2
Total 134 100.00% 23

General election

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Results by county showing number of votes by size and candidates by color
 
Treemap of the popular vote by county

Predictions

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Source Ranking As of
Los Angeles Times[9] Safe D November 6, 2016
CNN[10] Safe D November 4, 2016
Cook Political Report[11] Safe D November 7, 2016
Electoral-vote.com[12] Safe D November 8, 2016
Rothenberg Political Report[13] Safe D November 7, 2016
Sabato's Crystal Ball[14] Safe D November 7, 2016
RealClearPolitics[15] Likely D November 8, 2016
Fox News[16] Safe D November 7, 2016

Polling

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See also: Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election § Illinois

Results

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2016 United States presidential election in Illinois[17]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Hillary Clinton
Tim Kaine 		3,090,729 55.24%
Republican Donald Trump
Mike Pence 		2,146,015 38.35%
Libertarian Gary Johnson
Bill Weld 		209,596 3.79%
Green Jill Stein
Ajamu Baraka 		76,802 1.39%
Write-in 13,282 0.24%
Total votes 5,536,424 100.00
Democratic hold

By county

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County Hillary Clinton
Democratic 		Donald Trump
Republican 		Various candidates
Other parties 		Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # %
Adams 7,676 23.76% 22,790 70.54% 1,844 5.70% −15,114 −46.78% 32,310
Alexander 1,262 44.75% 1,496 53.05% 62 2.20% −234 −8.30% 2,820
Bond 2,068 27.32% 4,888 64.57% 614 8.11% −2,820 −37.25% 7,570
Boone 8,986 39.07% 12,282 53.40% 1,733 7.53% −3,296 −14.33% 23,001
Brown 476 20.01% 1,796 75.49% 107 4.50% −1,320 −55.48% 2,379
Bureau 6,029 36.38% 9,281 56.01% 1,261 7.61% −3,252 −19.63% 16,571
Calhoun 739 28.74% 1,721 66.94% 111 4.32% −982 −38.20% 2,571
Carroll 2,447 32.87% 4,434 59.56% 564 7.57% −1,987 −26.69% 7,445
Cass 1,621 31.64% 3,216 62.76% 287 5.60% −1,595 −31.12% 5,124
Champaign 50,137 54.72% 33,368 36.42% 8,123 8.86% 16,769 18.30% 91,628
Christian 3,992 25.79% 10,543 68.12% 942 6.09% −6,551 −42.33% 15,477
Clark 1,877 23.68% 5,622 70.91% 429 5.41% −3,745 −47.23% 7,928
Clay 1,020 16.06% 5,021 79.07% 309 4.87% −4,001 −63.01% 6,350
Clinton 3,945 22.65% 12,412 71.26% 1,062 6.09% −8,467 −48.61% 17,419
Coles 7,309 33.35% 13,003 59.33% 1,606 7.32% −5,694 −25.98% 21,918
Cook 1,611,946 73.93% 453,287 20.79% 115,111 5.28% 1,158,659 53.14% 2,180,344
Crawford 1,992 22.79% 6,277 71.83% 470 5.38% −4,285 −49.04% 8,739
Cumberland 1,031 18.51% 4,206 75.50% 334 5.99% −3,175 −56.99% 5,571
DeKalb 20,466 46.94% 19,091 43.79% 4,043 9.27% 1,375 3.15% 43,600
DeWitt 1,910 25.28% 5,077 67.19% 569 7.53% −3,167 −41.91% 7,556
Douglas 1,949 23.78% 5,698 69.53% 548 6.69% −3,749 −45.75% 8,195
DuPage 228,622 53.08% 166,415 38.64% 35,637 8.28% 62,207 14.44% 430,674
Edgar 1,793 22.70% 5,645 71.46% 461 5.84% −3,852 −48.76% 7,899
Edwards 434 13.06% 2,778 83.57% 112 3.37% −2,344 −70.51% 3,324
Effingham 3,083 17.51% 13,635 77.43% 891 5.06% −10,552 −59.92% 17,609
Fayette 1,819 18.97% 7,372 76.86% 400 4.17% −5,553 −57.89% 9,591
Ford 1,414 22.11% 4,480 70.04% 502 7.85% −3,066 −47.93% 6,396
Franklin 4,727 25.26% 13,116 70.10% 868 4.64% −8,389 −44.84% 18,711
Fulton 6,133 38.82% 8,492 53.76% 1,172 7.42% −2,359 −14.94% 15,797
Gallatin 657 24.27% 1,942 71.74% 108 3.99% −1,285 −47.47% 2,707
Greene 1,205 21.58% 4,145 74.22% 235 4.20% −2,940 −52.64% 5,585
Grundy 8,065 34.71% 13,454 57.90% 1,718 7.39% −5,389 −23.19% 23,237
Hamilton 802 19.30% 3,206 77.14% 148 3.56% −2,404 −57.84% 4,156
Hancock 2,139 23.45% 6,430 70.50% 552 6.05% −4,291 −47.05% 9,121
Hardin 420 19.55% 1,653 76.96% 75 3.49% −1,233 −57.41% 2,148
Henderson 1,155 32.83% 2,155 61.26% 208 5.91% −1,000 −28.43% 3,518
Henry 8,871 36.00% 13,985 56.75% 1,787 7.25% −5,114 −20.75% 24,643
Iroquois 2,504 19.11% 9,750 74.42% 848 6.47% −7,246 −55.31% 13,102
Jackson 11,634 47.26% 10,843 44.05% 2,140 8.69% 791 3.21% 24,617
Jasper 924 18.08% 3,975 77.76% 213 4.16% −3,051 −59.68% 5,112
Jefferson 4,425 26.03% 11,695 68.80% 879 5.17% −7,270 −42.77% 16,999
Jersey 2,679 24.37% 7,748 70.49% 564 5.14% −5,069 −46.12% 10,991
Jo Daviess 4,462 39.37% 6,121 54.01% 751 6.62% −1,659 −14.64% 11,334
Johnson 1,142 18.76% 4,649 76.35% 298 4.89% −3,507 −57.59% 6,089
Kane 103,665 51.91% 82,734 41.43% 13,288 6.66% 20,931 10.48% 199,687
Kankakee 18,971 40.10% 25,129 53.12% 3,205 6.78% −6,158 −13.02% 47,305
Kendall 24,884 46.03% 24,961 46.18% 4,210 7.79% −77 −0.15% 54,055
Knox 10,083 44.81% 10,737 47.71% 1,683 7.48% −654 −2.90% 22,503
Lake 171,095 56.37% 109,767 36.16% 22,658 7.47% 61,328 20.21% 303,520
LaSalle 19,543 39.29% 26,689 53.65% 3,511 7.06% −7,146 −14.36% 49,743
Lawrence 1,290 21.17% 4,521 74.19% 283 4.64% −3,231 −53.02% 6,094
Lee 5,528 35.69% 8,612 55.60% 1,349 8.71% −3,084 −19.91% 15,489
Livingston 4,023 26.22% 10,208 66.54% 1,111 7.24% −6,185 −40.32% 15,342
Logan 3,313 26.72% 8,181 65.97% 907 7.31% −4,868 −39.25% 12,401
Macon 18,343 38.17% 26,866 55.90% 2,851 5.93% −8,523 −17.73% 48,060
Macoupin 6,689 29.87% 14,322 63.96% 1,380 6.17% −7,633 −34.09% 22,391
Madison 50,587 38.86% 70,490 54.15% 9,102 6.99% −19,903 −15.29% 130,179
Marion 4,369 25.55% 11,859 69.36% 870 5.09% −7,490 −43.81% 17,098
Marshall 1,789 29.90% 3,785 63.25% 410 6.85% −1,996 −33.35% 5,984
Mason 2,014 31.02% 4,058 62.50% 421 6.48% −2,044 −31.48% 6,493
Massac 1,558 23.26% 4,846 72.36% 293 4.38% −3,288 −49.10% 6,697
McDonough 5,288 40.23% 6,795 51.70% 1,061 8.07% −1,507 −11.47% 13,144
McHenry 60,803 42.24% 71,612 49.75% 11,515 8.01% −10,809 −7.51% 143,930
McLean 36,196 44.51% 37,237 45.79% 7,891 9.70% −1,041 −1.28% 81,324
Menard 1,817 27.89% 4,231 64.94% 467 7.17% −2,414 −37.05% 6,515
Mercer 3,071 36.02% 4,807 56.39% 647 7.59% −1,736 −20.37% 8,525
Monroe 5,535 28.60% 12,629 65.25% 1,190 6.15% −7,094 −36.65% 19,354
Montgomery 3,504 27.00% 8,630 66.50% 844 6.50% −5,126 −39.50% 12,978
Morgan 4,696 31.73% 9,076 61.32% 1,028 6.95% −4,380 −29.59% 14,800
Moultrie 1,481 23.57% 4,455 70.91% 347 5.52% −2,974 −47.34% 6,283
Ogle 8,050 33.27% 14,352 59.32% 1,791 7.41% −6,302 −26.05% 24,193
Peoria 38,060 48.12% 35,633 45.05% 5,409 6.83% 2,427 3.07% 79,102
Perry 2,462 24.93% 6,855 69.42% 557 5.65% −4,393 −44.49% 9,874
Piatt 2,645 29.19% 5,634 62.19% 781 8.62% −2,989 −33.00% 9,060
Pike 1,413 18.76% 5,754 76.41% 363 4.83% −4,341 −57.65% 7,530
Pope 375 17.51% 1,678 78.34% 89 4.15% −1,303 −60.83% 2,142
Pulaski 962 35.17% 1,675 61.24% 98 3.59% −713 −26.07% 2,735
Putnam 1,147 36.86% 1,767 56.78% 198 6.36% −620 −19.92% 3,112
Randolph 3,439 24.23% 10,023 70.61% 732 5.16% −6,584 −46.38% 14,194
Richland 1,584 20.59% 5,739 74.59% 371 4.82% −4,155 −54.00% 7,694
Rock Island 32,298 50.47% 26,998 42.19% 4,698 7.34% 5,300 8.28% 63,994
Saline 2,572 22.59% 8,276 72.70% 536 4.71% −5,704 −50.11% 11,384
Sangamon 40,907 41.58% 49,944 50.77% 7,522 7.65% −9,037 −9.19% 98,373
Schuyler 1,075 28.04% 2,524 65.83% 235 6.13% −1,449 −37.79% 3,834
Scott 535 20.51% 1,966 75.38% 107 4.11% −1,431 −54.87% 2,608
Shelby 2,288 20.71% 8,229 74.48% 532 4.81% −5,941 −53.77% 11,049
St. Clair 60,756 50.03% 53,857 44.35% 6,823 5.62% 6,899 5.68% 121,436
Stark 751 27.38% 1,778 64.82% 214 7.80% −1,027 −37.44% 2,743
Stephenson 7,768 38.19% 11,083 54.48% 1,492 7.33% −3,315 −16.29% 20,343
Tazewell 20,685 31.95% 38,707 59.78% 5,359 8.27% −18,022 −27.83% 64,751
Union 2,402 27.88% 5,790 67.20% 424 4.92% −3,388 −39.32% 8,616
Vermilion 10,039 32.58% 19,087 61.93% 1,692 5.49% −9,048 −29.35% 30,818
Wabash 1,151 21.07% 4,047 74.07% 266 4.86% −2,896 −53.00% 5,464
Warren 2,987 38.26% 4,275 54.76% 545 6.98% −1,288 −16.50% 7,807
Washington 1,448 19.47% 5,571 74.90% 419 5.63% −4,123 −55.43% 7,438
Wayne 1,048 12.62% 6,967 83.93% 286 3.45% −5,919 −71.31% 8,301
White 1,412 19.25% 5,640 76.89% 283 3.86% −4,228 −57.64% 7,335
Whiteside 11,035 43.14% 12,615 49.31% 1,932 7.55% −1,580 −6.17% 25,582
Will 151,927 49.94% 132,720 43.63% 19,579 6.43% 19,207 6.31% 304,226
Williamson 8,581 26.94% 21,570 67.72% 1,701 5.34% −12,989 −40.78% 31,852
Winnebago 55,713 46.41% 55,624 46.33% 8,718 7.26% 89 0.08% 120,055
Woodford 5,092 25.63% 13,207 66.49% 1,565 7.88% −8,115 −40.86% 19,864
Totals 3,090,729 55.24% 2,146,015 38.35% 358,535 6.41% 944,714 16.89% 5,595,279
 
 

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
[18]

By congressional district

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Clinton won 11 of 18 congressional districts, both candidates won a district held by the other party.[19]

District Clinton Trump Representative
1st 75% 22% Bobby Rush
2nd 79% 19% Robin Kelly
3rd 55% 39% Dan Lipinski
4th 81% 13% Luis Gutierrez
5th 70% 24% Mike Quigley
6th 50% 43% Peter Roskam
7th 87% 9% Danny K. Davis
8th 58% 36% Tammy Duckworth
Raja Krishnamoorthi
9th 69% 25% Jan Schakowsky
10th 61% 32% Robert Dold
Brad Schneider
11th 58% 35% Bill Foster
12th 40% 55% Mike Bost
13th 44% 50% Rodney Davis
14th 45% 48% Randy Hultgren
15th 24% 71% John Shimkus
16th 38% 55% Adam Kinzinger
17th 47% 47% Cheri Bustos
18th 33% 60% Darin LaHood

Turnout

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See also: 2016 Illinois elections § Turnout

For the state-run primaries (Democratic and Republican), turnout was 45.73%, with 3,505,795 votes cast.[20][21] For the general election, turnout was 68.95%, with 5,536,424 votes cast.[22][21]

Analysis

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Clinton's win in Illinois was largely the result of a lopsided victory in Cook County, the state's most populous county and home of Chicago, the city where Clinton was born and raised. Trump meanwhile won most of the downstate rural counties by large margins. Many of these counties had voted for Clinton's husband in both his 1992 and 1996 presidential runs. This is also the first presidential election in history where a Republican managed to win the White House nationally while failing to carry any of Chicago's collar counties (winning only McHenry County). To put in perspective the political turnaround in the region, between the 1854 creation of the Republican party and Barack Obama's 2008 election, Democrats only won any of the collar counties in just five landslide elections. In 1932 and 1936, Franklin Roosevelt carried Will County; In 1964, Lyndon Johnson carried Will and Lake; Bill Clinton carried Will in 1992 and added Lake to that in 1996. Illinois, along with Minnesota, was one of the only two Midwestern states not won by Donald Trump. The election marked the first time since 1988 in which Illinois did not vote the same as neighboring Wisconsin, and the first time since 1960 when the Democratic candidate won Illinois, while losing Wisconsin.

Cook County, the collar counties, and the downstate counties of Champaign and McLean were the only ones to swing towards Clinton. Knowing these statistics, if one were to subtract Cook County's total votes from the rest of Illinois, Trump would have won the state with 1,692,728 votes to Clinton's 1,478,783 votes.[23][24] Peoria County matched the national popular vote this year, as it did in the 2012 election.[25]

Had Clinton won the election, she would have become the second president born in Illinois after Ronald Reagan. But like Reagan, both politicians jump-started their political careers in elected office elsewhere. Reagan served as Governor of California while Clinton served as a United States Senator from New York.

As of the 2024 election, this is the most recent election where Kendall County and McLean County have voted Republican.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Distribution of Electoral Votes". National Archives and Records Administration. September 19, 2019. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  2. ^ "2016 National Popular Vote Tracker". Cook Political Report. Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
  3. ^ a b "Board of Election Commissioners for the City of Chicago". Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
  4. ^ The Green Papers
  5. ^ Illinois Board of Elections
  6. ^ Illinois Democratic Party - Official Pledged Delegates Allocation
  7. ^ Mastrangelo, Vito (February 19, 2016). "Dr. Jill Stein Wins ILGP Presidential Preference Vote!". Illinois Green Party. Green Party of the United States. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  8. ^ Lesiak, Krzysztof (February 21, 2016). "Jill Stein easily wins Illinois Green Party presidential preference vote". American Third Party Report. Independent Political Report. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  9. ^ "Our final map has Clinton winning with 352 electoral votes. Compare your picks with ours". Los Angeles Times. November 6, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  10. ^ Chalian, David (November 4, 2016). "Road to 270: CNN's new election map". CNN. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  11. ^ "2016 Electoral Scorecard". The Cook Political Report. November 7, 2016. Archived from the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  12. ^ "2016 Electoral Map Prediction". Electoral-vote.com. November 8, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  13. ^ "Presidential Ratings". The Rothenberg Political Report. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  14. ^ Sabato, Larry J. (November 7, 2016). "2016 President". University of Virginia Center for Politics. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  15. ^ "2016 Election Maps - Battle for White House". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  16. ^ "Electoral Scorecard: Map shifts again in Trump's favor, as Clinton holds edge". Fox News. November 7, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  17. ^ "2016 Presidential General Election Results - Illinois". David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Elections. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  18. ^ Bump, Philip. "The counties that flipped parties to swing the 2016 election". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  19. ^ "Presidential Results by Congressional District, 2000-2008 – Swing State Project". www.swingstateproject.com.
  20. ^ "Voter Turnout". www.elections.il.gov. Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved March 22, 2020. [permanent dead link‍]
  21. ^ a b "Election Results". www.elections.il.gov. Illinois State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
  22. ^ "Voter Turnout". www.elections.il.gov. Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved March 22, 2020. [permanent dead link‍]
  23. ^ "2016 Presidential General Election Data - National". US Election Atlas.
  24. ^ Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016,
  25. ^ "Illinois Election Results 2016: President Live Map by County, Real-Time Voting Updates". Election Hub.
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