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'''BMW AG''' ({{IPA-de|ˈbeːˈʔɛmˈveː|lang}}; originally an initialism for ''Bayerische Motoren Werke'' in German, or ''Bavarian Motor Works'' in English) is a German multinational company which currently produces luxury [[automobile]]s and [[motorcycle]]s, and also produced aircraft engines until 1945.
 
The company was founded in 1916 and has its headquarters in [[Munich]], [[Bavaria]]. BMW produces motor vehicles in Germany, Brazil, China, India, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 2015, BMW was the world’sworld's twelfth largest producer of motor vehicles, with 2,279,503 vehicles produced.<ref>{{cite web|title=WORLD MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION - OICA correspondents survey|url=http://www.oica.net/wp-content/uploads//ranking2015.pdf|website=www.oica.net|accessdate=19 September 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828220013/http://www.oica.net/wp-content/uploads/ranking2015.pdf|archivedate=28 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[Quandt family]] are long-term shareholders of the company, with the remaining shares owned by [[public float]].
 
Automobiles are marketed under the brands [[list of BMW vehicles#cars|BMW]] (with sub-brands [[BMW M]] for performance models and [[BMW i]] for plug-in electric cars), [[Mini (marque)|Mini]] and [[Rolls-Royce Motor Cars|Rolls-Royce]]. Motorcycles are marketed under the brand [[BMW Motorrad]].
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=== 1916–1923: Aircraft engine production ===
[[File:Flugmotor BMW IIIa.jpg|thumb|right|[[BMW IIIa]] aircraft engine]]
BMW’sBMW's origins can be traced back to three separate German companies: Rapp Motorenwerke, Bayerische Flugzeugwerke, and Automobilwerk Eisenach. The history of the name itself begins with [[Rapp Motorenwerke]], an aircraft engine manufacturer. In April 1917, following the departure of the founder [[Karl Rapp|Karl Friedrich Rapp]], the company was renamed Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW).<ref name="ultimate history">{{cite book|last1=Noakes|first1=Andrew|title=The Ultimate History of BMW|date=2008|publisher=Parragon Publishing}}</ref>{{refpage|page=11}} BMW’sBMW's first product was the [[BMW IIIa]] aircraft engine. The IIIa engine was known for good fuel economy and high-altitude performance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19710908000 |title=BMW Model IIIA – Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum |publisher=Nasm.si.edu |accessdate=18 April 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100408190510/http://nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19710908000| archivedate= 8 April 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref> The resulting orders for IIIa engines from the German military caused rapid expansion for BMW.
 
After the end of [[World War I]] in 1918, BMW was forced to cease aircraft engine production by the terms of the [[Treaty of Versailles|Versailles Armistice Treaty]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pilotenschule.ch/geschichte.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528021613/http://www.pilotenschule.ch/geschichte.htm |archivedate=28 May 2007 |title= Fliegerschule St.Gallen&nbsp;– history|accessdate=24 August 2008 |language=German }}</ref> To remain in business, BMW produced farm equipment, household items and railway brakes. In 1922, former major shareholder [[Camillo Castiglioni]] purchased the rights to the name BMW, which led to the company descended from Rapp Motorenwerke being renamed Süddeutsche Bremse AG (known today as [[Knorr-Bremse]]). Castiglioni was also an investor in another aircraft company, called "Bayerische Flugzeugwerke", which he renamed BMW.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmweducation.co.uk/cofacts/view.asp?docid=185 |title=When was BMW founded? |work=BMW Education |publisher=BMW |accessdate=30 September 2012 |deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425064421/http://www.bmweducation.co.uk/coFacts/view.asp?docID=185 |archivedate=25 April 2012 }}</ref><br />The disused factory of Bayerische Flugzeugwerke was re-opened to produce engines for buses, trucks, farm equipment and pumps, under the brand name BMW. BMW’sBMW's corporate history considers the founding date of Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (7 March 1916) to be the birth of the company.
 
=== 1923–1939: Motorcycle and car production ===
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As the restrictions of the Armistice Treaty began to be lifted, BMW began production of motorcycles in 1923,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=8XEV3HRlBZ4C|title=BMW Motorcycles|author=Darwin Holmstrom, Brian J. Nelson|isbn=978-0-7603-1098-4|publisher=MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company|year=2002|accessdate=24 August 2008}}</ref> with the [[BMW R32|R32]] model.
 
BMW’sBMW's production of automobiles began in 1928, when the company purchased the [[Automobilwerk Eisenach]] car company. Automobilwerk Eisenach’sEisenach's current model was the [[BMW Dixi|Dixi 3/15]], a licensed copy of the [[Austin 7]] which had begun production in 1927. Following the takeover, the Dixi 3/15 became the [[BMW 3/15]], BMW’sBMW's first production car.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Six men who built the modern auto industry |first=Richard Alan |last= Johnson |publisher=MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company |year= 2005 |isbn=978-0-7603-1958-1 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=CArfq7tV0OIC&pg=PA62&dq=%22first+bmw+car%22 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Disseminative Capabilities: A Case Study of Collaborative Product Development in the Automotive |first=Kay |last= Oppat |publisher=[[Gabler Verlag]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-3-8349-1254-1 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=JfAZD-WHxV4C&pg=PA74&dq=%22first+bmw+car%22 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Driven: inside BMW, the most admired car company in the world |first=David |last= Kiley |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |year= 2004 |isbn=978-0-471-26920-5 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=3LAr-jjuzj8C&pg=PA58&dq=3/15 }}</ref>
 
In 1932, the [[BMW 3/20]] became the first BMW automobile designed entirely by BMW. It was powered by a four-cylinder engine, which BMW designed based on the Austin 7 engine.
 
BMW’sBMW's first automotive [[straight-six engine]] was released in 1933, in the [[BMW 303]]. Throughout the 1930s, BMW expanded its model range to include sedans, coupes, convertibles and sports cars.
 
=== 1939–1945: World War II ===
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With German rearmament in the 1930s, the company again began producing aircraft engines for the [[Luftwaffe]]. The factory in Munich made ample use of forced labour: foreign civilians, prisoners of war and inmates of the [[Dachau concentration camp]].<ref>{{cite web|title=MUNICH-ALLACH: WORKING FOR BMW|url=http://www.ausstellung-zwangsarbeit.org/en/285/ |deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403094252/http://www.ausstellung-zwangsarbeit.org/en/285/|website=www.ausstellung-zwangsarbeit.org|archivedate=3 April 2016}}</ref> Among its successful World War II engine designs were the [[BMW 132]] and [[BMW 801]] air-cooled [[radial engines]], and the pioneering [[BMW 003]] [[axial compressor|axial-flow]] [[turbojet]], which powered the tiny, 1944–1945–era jet-powered “emergency fighter”, the [[Heinkel He 162]] ''Spatz''. The BMW 003 jet engine was first tested as a prime power plant in the first prototype of the [[Messerschmitt Me 262]], the Me 262 V1, but in 1942 tests the BMW prototype engines failed on takeoff with only the standby [[Junkers Jumo 210]] nose-mounted piston engine powering it to a safe landing.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=dSLBdP22fq0C&pg=PA31 |title=The Jet Race and the Second World War |first=Sterling Michael |last=Pavelec |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year= 2007 |isbn=978-0-275-99355-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Radinger |first=Will |first2= Walter |last2=Schick |title=Me262 (in German) |location=Berlin |publisher=Avantic Verlag GmbH |year=1996 |isbn=978-3-925505-21-8 |page=23 }}</ref>
 
The few Me 262 A-1b test examples built used the more developed version of the 003 jet, recording an official top speed of 800&nbsp;km/h (497&nbsp;mph). The first-ever four-engine jet aircraft ever flown were the sixth and eighth prototypes of the [[Arado Ar 234#Ar 234A|Arado Ar 234]] jet reconnaissance-bomber, which used BMW 003 jets for power. Through 1944 the 003’s003's reliability improved, making it a suitable power plant for air frame designs competing for the [[Emergency Fighter Program|''Jägernotprogramm'']]’s [[light fighter]] production contract. which was won by the Heinkel He 162 ''Spatz'' design. The BMW 003 aviation turbojet was also under consideration as the basic starting point for a pioneering [[turboshaft]] powerplant for German armored fighting vehicles in 1944–45, as the [[GT 101]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kay |first=Anthony |date=2002 |title=German Jet Engine and Gas Turbine Development 1930–1945 |url= |location= |publisher=Airlife Publishing |page= |isbn=9781840372946 |accessdate= }}</ref> Towards the end of the Third Reich, BMW developed some military aircraft projects for the ''Luftwaffe'', the BMW Strahlbomber, the BMW Schnellbomber and the BMW Strahljäger, but none of them were built.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nevingtonwarmuseum.weebly.com/bmw-strahljager-project-i.html |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130616024410/http://nevingtonwarmuseum.weebly.com/bmw-strahljager-project-i.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=16 June 2013 |title=BMW Strahljager Project I |publisher=Nevingtonwarmuseum.weebly.com |date=3 November 1944 |accessdate=29 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Dan Johnson |url=http://www.luft46.com/bmw/bmw.html |title=BMW Aircraft |publisher=Luft46.com |date= |accessdate=29 September 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916200502/http://www.luft46.com/bmw/bmw.html |archivedate=16 September 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
=== 1945–1959: Post-war rebuilding ===
[[File: BMW Isetta yellow.jpg|thumb|BMW Isetta with a front opening door]]
During World War II, many BMW production facilities had been heavily bombed. BMW’sBMW's facilities in [[East Germany]] were seized by the Soviet Union and the remaining facilities were banned by the Allies from producing motorcycles or automobiles. During this ban, BMW used basic secondhand and salvaged equipment to make pots and pans, later expanding to other kitchen supplies and bicycles.
 
In 1947, BMW was granted permission to resume motorcycle production and its first post-war motorcycle - the [[History of BMW motorcycles#1945–1955|R24]] - was released in 1948. BMW was still barred from producing automobiles, however, the Bristol Aeroplane Company (BAC) was producing cars in England based on BMW’sBMW's pre-war models, using plans that BAC had taken from BMW’sBMW's German offices.
 
Production of automobiles resumed in 1952, with the [[BMW 501]] large sedan. Throughout the 1950s, BMW expanded their model range with sedans, coupes, convertibles and sports cars. In 1954, the [[BMW 502]] was BMW’sBMW's first to use a V8 engine. To provide an affordable model, BMW began production of the [[Isetta]] micro-car (under license from [[Iso (automobile)|Iso]]) in 1955. Two years later, the four-seat [[BMW 600]] was based on a lengthened version of the Isetta design. In 1959, the BMW 600 was replaced by the larger [[BMW 700]] coupe/sedan.
 
=== 1959–1968: Near bankruptcy and New Class ===
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By 1959, BMW was in debt and losing money.<ref name="Norbye134">[[#Norbye|Norbye]], p. 134</ref> The Isetta was selling well but with small profit margins.<ref name="Noakes57">[[#Noakes|Noakes]], p. 57</ref> Their 501-based luxury sedans were not selling well enough to be profitable and were becoming increasingly outdated.<ref name="Norbye130">[[#Norbye|Norbye]], p. 130</ref> Their 503 coupé and 507 roadster were too expensive to be profitable.<ref name="Norbye130" /> Their [[BMW 600|600]], a four-seater based on the Isetta, was selling poorly.<ref name="Noakes56_67">[[#Noakes|Noakes]], pp. 56&ndash;57</ref> The motorcycle market imploded in the mid-1950s with increasing affluence turning Germans away from motorcycles and toward cars.<ref name=last>[[#Norbye|Norbye]], pp. 119&ndash;120</ref> BMW had sold their Allach plant to [[MAN SE|MAN]] in 1954.<ref name="Norbye119">[[#Norbye|Norbye]], p. 119</ref> [[American Motors]] and the [[Rootes Group]] had both tried to acquire BMW.<ref name="Norbye132">[[#Norbye|Norbye]], p. 132</ref>
 
At BMW’sBMW's [[annual general meeting]] on 9 December 1959, Dr. Hans Feith, chairman of BMW’sBMW's [[supervisory board]], proposed a merger with [[Daimler-Benz]]. The dealers and small shareholders opposed this suggestion and rallied around a counter-proposal by Dr. Friedrich Mathern, which gained enough support to stop the merger.<ref name="Noakes57" /><ref name="Norbye132" /> At that time, the Quandt Group, led by half-brothers [[Herbert Quandt|Herbert]] and [[Harald Quandt]], had recently increased their holdings in BMW and had become their largest shareholder.<ref name=" Norbye132"/> In 1960, the development program began for a new range of models, called the "Neue Klasse" (New Class) project. The resulting [[BMW New Class|New Class]] four-door sedans, introduced in 1962, are credited for saving the company financially and establishing BMW’sBMW's identity as a producer of leading sports sedans.
 
In 1965, the New Class range was expanded with the [[BMW New Class#New Class Coupés|2000 C and 2000 CS]] luxury coupes. The range was further expanded in 1966 with the iconic [[BMW 02 Series]] compact coupes.
 
BMW acquired the [[Hans Glas]] company based in [[Dingolfing]], Germany, in 1966. Glas vehicles were briefly badged as BMW until the company was fully absorbed. It was reputed that the acquisition was mainly to gain access to Glas’ development of the timing belt with an overhead camshaft in automotive applications,<ref>Toronto Star 3 July 2004</ref> although some saw Glas’ Dingolfing plant as another incentive. However, this factory was outmoded and BMW’sBMW's biggest immediate gain was, according to themselves, a stock of highly qualified engineers and other personnel.<ref name="AU71">{{citation | ref = AU71 | journal = Auto-Universum 1971 | title = BMW 2500/2800 | last = Becker | first = Clauspeter | editor-first = Arthur | editor-last = Logoz | year = 1971 | publisher = Verlag Internationale Automobil-Parade AG | location = Zürich, Switzerland | volume = XIV | page = 73 | language = German }}</ref> The Glas factories continued to build a limited number of their existing models, while adding the manufacture of BMW front and rear axles until they could be closer incorporated into BMW.<ref name="AU71.4">[[#AU71|Becker]], p. 74</ref>
 
=== 1968–1978: New Six, 3 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series ===
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=== 1978–1989: M division ===
[[File:Black BMW M3 E30 fr.jpg|thumb|E30 M3]]
The 1978 [[BMW M1]] was BMW’sBMW's first mid-engined sports car and was developed in conjunction with [[Lamborghini]]. It was also the first road car produced by BMW’sBMW's motorsport division, [[BMW M]]. In 1980, the M division produced its first model based on a regular production vehicle, the [[BMW E12|E12]] M535i. The M535i is the predecessor to the [[BMW M5]], which was introduced in 1985 based on the [[BMW 5 Series (E28)|E28]] platform.
 
In 1983, BMW introduced its first diesel engine, the [[BMW M21|M21]]. The first all-wheel-drive BMW - the [[BMW 3 Series (E30)|E30]] 325iX - began production in 1985, and in 1987 the E30 was BMW’sBMW's first model produced in a [[station wagon|wagon/estate]] body style.
 
The 1986 [[BMW 7 Series (E32)|E32]] 750i was BMW’sBMW's first V12 model. The E32 was also the first sedan to be available with a long-wheelbase body style (badged "iL" or "Li").
 
The [[BMW M3]] was introduced in 1985, based on the [[BMW 3 Series (E30)|E30]] platform.
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=== 1989–1994: 8 Series, hatchbacks ===
[[File:BMW 840 Ci 1.jpg|thumb|E31 8 Series]]
The [[BMW 8 Series|8 Series]] range of large coupes was introduced in 1989 and in 1992 was the first application of BMW’sBMW's first V8 engine in 25 years, the [[BMW M60|M60]]. It was also the first BMW to use a multi-link rear suspension, a design which was implemented for mass-production in 1990 [[BMW 3 Series (E36)|E36]] 3 Series.
 
The [[BMW 5 Series (E34)|E34]] 5 Series, introduced in 1988, was the first 5 Series to be produced with all-wheel drive or a wagon body style.
 
In 1989, the limited-production [[BMW Z1|Z1]] began BMW’sBMW's line of two-seat convertible [[BMW Z Series|Z Series]] models.
 
In 1993, the [[BMW 3 Series Compact]] was BMW’sBMW's first [[hatchback]] model (except for the limited production 02 Series "Touring" models). These hatchback models formed a new entry-level model range below the other 3 Series models.
 
In 1992, BMW acquired a large stake in California-based [[industrial design]] studio [[DesignworksUSA]], which they fully acquired in 1995.
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The [[BMW Z3]] two-seat convertible and coupe models were introduced in 1995. These were the first mass-produced models outside of the 1/3/5 Series and the first model to be solely manufactured outside Germany (in the United States, in this case).
 
In 1998, the [[BMW 3 Series (E46)|E46]] 3 Series was introduced, with the M3 model featuring BMW’sBMW's most powerful naturally aspirated engine to date.
 
=== 1999–2006: SUV models, Rolls-Royce ===
[[File:2003-2006 BMW X5 (E53) 3.0d 01.jpg|thumb|E53 X5]]
BMW’sBMW's first SUV, the [[BMW X5 (E53)]], was introduced in 1999. The X5 was a large departure from BMW’sBMW's image of sporting "driver’s cars", however, it was very successful and resulted in other [[BMW X Series]] being introduced. The smaller [[BMW X3]] was released in 2003.
 
2001 [[BMW 7 Series (E65)|E65]] 7 Series was BMW’sBMW's first model to use a 6-speed automatic transmission.
 
In 2002, the [[BMW Z4 (E85)|Z4]] two-seat coupe/convertible replaced the Z3. In 2004, the [[BMW 1 Series|1 Series]] hatchbacks replaced the ''3 Series Compact'' models like BMW’sBMW's entry-level models.
 
2003 [[Rolls-Royce Phantom (2003)|Rolls-Royce Phantom]] was the first Rolls-Royce vehicle produced under BMW ownership. This was the end result of complicated contractual negotiations that began in 1998 when [[Rolls-Royce plc]] licensed use of the Rolls-Royce name and logo to BMW, but Vickers sold the remaining elements of [[Rolls-Royce Motor Cars]] to Volkswagen. In addition, BMW had supplied Rolls-Royce with engines since 1998 for use in the [[Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph]].
 
In 2005, BMW’sBMW's first V10 engine was introduced in the [[BMW 5 Series (E60)|E60]] M5. The E60 platform is also used for the [[BMW 6 Series (E63)|E63/E64]], which reintroduced the 6 Series models after a hiatus of 14 years.
 
=== 2006–2013: Shift to turbocharged engines ===
[[File:BMW ActiveHybrid 7 L (F02) – Frontansicht, 26. Juni 2011, Ratingen.jpg|thumb|F01 ActiveHybrid 7]]
BMW’sBMW's first mass-production turbocharged petrol engine was the six-cylinder [[BMW N54|N54]], which debuted in the 2006 [[BMW 3 Series (E90)|E92]] 335i. In 2011, the [[BMW 3 Series (F30)|F30]] 3 Series was released, with turbocharged engines being used on all models. This shift to turbocharging and smaller engines was reflective of general automotive industry trends. The M3 model based on the F30 platform is the first M3 to use a turbocharged engine.
 
BMW’sBMW's first turbocharged V8 engine, the [[BMW N63]], was introduced in 2008. Despite the trend to downsizing, in 2008 BMW began production of its first turbocharged V12 engine, the [[BMW N74]]. In 2011, the [[BMW 5 Series (F10)|F10]] M5 became the first M5 model to use a turbocharged engine.
 
In 2007, the production rights for [[Husqvarna Motorcycles]] was purchased by BMW for a reported 93 million euros.
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Controversial designer [[Chris Bangle]] announced his departure from BMW in February 2009, after serving on the design team for nearly seventeen years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/autos/autobeat/archives/2009/02/bmws_chris_bangle_designs_his_own_exit.html|title=Chris Bangle|accessdate=24 May 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418144031/http://www.businessweek.com/autos/autobeat/archives/2009/02/bmws_chris_bangle_designs_his_own_exit.html|archivedate=18 April 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
BMW’sBMW's first hybrid-powered car, the [[BMW 7 Series (F01)|F01]] ActiveHybrid 7, was introduced in 2010.
 
=== 2013–present: Electric/hybrid power ===
[[File:2015 BMW i8 (I12) coupe (25835062172).jpg|thumb|i8]]
BMW released their first electric car, the [[BMW i3]] city car, in 2013. The i3 is also the first mass-production car to have a structure mostly made from [[carbon-fiber]]. BMW’sBMW's first hybrid sportscar (and their first mid-engined car since the M1) is called the [[BMW i8]] and was introduced in 2014. The i8 is also the first car to use BMW’sBMW's first inline-three engine, the [[BMW B38]].
 
In 2013, the [[BMW 4 Series]] replaced the coupe and convertible models of the 3 Series. Many elements of the 4 Series remained shared with the equivalent 3 Series model. Similarly, the [[BMW 2 Series]] replaced the coupe and convertible models of the 1 Series in 2013. The 2 Series was produced in coupe (F22), five-seat MPV (F45) and seven-seat MPV (F46) body styles. The latter two body styles are the first front-wheel drive vehicles produced by BMW. The [[BMW X1 (F48)|F48 X1]] also includes some front-wheel-drive models.
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The origin of the logo is often thought to be a portrayal of the movement of an aircraft propeller with the white blades cutting through a blue sky. However, this portrayal was first used in a BMW advertisement in 1929 – twelve years after the logo was created – so this is not the origin of the logo itself.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/07/bmw-roundel-not-born-from-planes/ |title=BMW Roundel: Not Born From Planes |accessdate=29 December 2011 |author=Stephen Williams |work=The New York Times |date=7 January 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110222011/http://wheels.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/07/bmw-roundel-not-born-from-planes |archivedate=10 January 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
The terms Beemer, Bimmer and Bee-em are commonly used [[slang]] for BMW in the English language<ref>{{cite web |title=Bee em / BMW Motorcycle Club of Victoria Inc |url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3913069 |publisher=[[National Library of Australia]] |accessdate=23 October 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728125152/http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3913069 |archivedate=28 July 2011 |deadurl=no |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=No Toupees allowed |date=2 October 2009 |url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/auto/autoreview/24915/no-toupees-allowed |publisher=[[Bangkok Post]] |accessdate=24 October 2009}}{{dead link|date=September 2012}}</ref> and are sometimes used interchangeably for cars and motorcycles.<ref name=Lighter1>{{Cite book |title=Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G |first=Jonathan E. |last=Lighter |publisher=Random House |year=1994 |volume=1 |isbn=978-0-394-54427-4 |pages=126–27 |quote='''Beemer''' ''n.'' <nowiki>[BMW + ''er'']</nowiki> a BMW automobile. Also '''Beamer.'''}}</ref><ref name=Lighter2>{{Cite book |title=Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: A-G |first=Jonathan E. |last=Lighter |publisher=Random House |year=1994 |volume=1 |isbn=978-0-394-54427-4 |page=159 |quote='''Bimmer''' ''n.'' <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Beemer.</span> }}</ref><ref>'''1982''' S. Black ''Totally Awesome'' 83 BMW ("Beemer").<br />'''1985''' ''L.A. Times'' (13 April) V 4: Id much rather drive my Beemer than a truck.<br />'''1989''' L. Roberts ''Full Cleveland'' 39: Baby boomers... in... late-model Beemers.<br />'''1990''' ''Hull High'' (NBC-TV): You should ee my dad's new Beemer.<br /> '''1991''' ''Cathy'' (synd. cartoon strip) (21 April): Sheila... <nowiki>[ground]</nowiki> multi-grain snack chips crumbs into the back seat of my brand-new Beamer!<br />'''1992''' ''Time'' (18 May) 84: Its residents tend to drive pickups or subcompacts, not Beemers or Rolles.</ref> In the United States, some people [[Linguistic prescription|prescribe]] that "beemer" should be used specifically for motorcycles and "bimmer" should be used for cars.<ref name="boston-bmwcca.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.boston-bmwcca.org/reference/Bimmer-Beemer.aspx|title=Bimmer vs. Beemer|accessdate=23 June 2007 |website=Boston Chapter BMW Car Club of America | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070701003929/http://boston-bmwcca.org/reference/bimmer-beemer.aspx| archivedate= 1 July 2007 | deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The Savvy Guide to Motorcycles |first=Shirley |last=Duglin Kennedy |publisher=Indy Tech Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7906-1316-1 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=kEX7Ncd3hO4C&pg=PA230 |quote='''Beemer''' – BMW motorcycle; as opposed to Bimmer, which is a BMW automobile. }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Brock |last=Yates |quote='Bimmer' is the slang for a BMW automobile, but 'Beemer' is right when referring to the company's motorcycles. |url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/307149474 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20140919135308/http://search.proquest.com/docview/307149474 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=19 September 2014 |date=12 March 1989 |title=You Say Porsch and I Say Porsch-eh |periodical=The Washington Post |page=w45 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |quote=Bimmers (yes, it's 'Bimmer' for cars—the often misused 'Beemer' refers only to the motorcycles). |title=Why Is BMW Driving Itself Crazy? The Rover deal was a dog, but it didn't cure BMW's desire to be a big-league carmaker—even if that means more risky tactics |periodical=Fortune Magazine |first=Sue |last=Zesiger |date=26 June 2000 |publisher=CNN |deadurl=no |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2000/06/26/282975/index.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219023058/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2000/06/26/282975/index.htm |archivedate=19 December 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Jn4n9199Y7cC&pg=PA2&dq=bimmer+beemer |title=Selling Air: A Tech Bubble Novel |first1=Dan |last1=Herchenroether |publisher=Selling Air |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-9754224-0-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/03_26/c3839103_mz030.htm |quote=Editor's note: Both nicknames are widely used, though Bimmer is the correct term for BMW cars, Beemer for BMW motorcycles. A Google search yields approximately 10 times as many references to Bimmer as to Beemer. |title=International – Readers Report. Not All BMW Owners Are Smitten |date=30 June 2003 |periodical=Business Week |publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131084010/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/03_26/c3839103_mz030.htm |archivedate=31 January 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Some of these people claim that "true aficionados" make this distinction<ref>{{Cite book |title=Doing Good |first=Pamela |last=Morsi |publisher=Mira |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-55166-884-0 |page=18 |quote=True aficionados know that the nickname Beemer actually refers to the BMW motorcycle. Bimmer is the correct nickname for the automobile }}</ref> and those who don’tdon't are "uninitiated."<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Hydrogen & fuel cell letter |first=Peter |last=Hoffmann |year=1998 |quote=For the uninitiated, a Bimmer is a BMW car, and a Beemer is a motorcycle. |url=https://books.google.com/?id=9kZWAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Peter Hoffmann }}</ref> Usage in North American mainstream media also varies, for example ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' of Canada prefers Bimmer and calls Beemer a "[[yuppie]] abomination",<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|quote=If you're a Bimmer enthusiast (not that horrible leftover 1980s yuppie abomination Beemer), you've undoubtedly read the reviews, |url=http://www.driftuniversity.com/why-wait-for-spring-lease-it-now/ |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130725054305/http://www.driftuniversity.com/why-wait-for-spring-lease-it-now/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=25 July 2013 |title=Why wait for spring? Lease it now |first=Bob |last=English |date=7 April 2009 |periodical=The Globe and Mail |location=Toronto, CA |publisher=CTVglobemedia Publishing }}</ref> and the ''[[Tacoma News Tribune]]'' says that it is "auto snobs" who use the terms to distinguish between cars and motorcycles.<ref>The Nose: FWay students knew who they were voting for in school poll [South Sound Edition]. 25 October 2002. The News Tribune, p. B01. Retrieved 6 July 2009, from ProQuest Newsstand. (Document ID: 223030831) "We're told by auto snobs that the word 'beemer' actually refers to the BMW motorcycle, and that when referring to a BMW automobile, the word's pronounced 'bimmer.'"</ref>
 
== Finances ==
For the fiscal year 2017, BMW reported earnings of EUR 8.620 billion, with an annual revenue of EUR 98.678 billion, an increase of 4.8% over the previous fiscal cycle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wallstreet-online.de/aktien/bmw-aktie/unternehmensprofil|title=Unternehmensprofil|website=wallstreet-online.de|access-date=2018-11-05}}</ref> BMW’sBMW's shares traded at over € 77 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US 55.3 billion in November 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/BMW.DE/key-statistics?p=BMW.DE&.tsrc=fin-srch|title=BMW.DE Key Statistics {{!}} BAY.MOTOREN WERKE AG ST Stock - Yahoo Finance|website=finance.yahoo.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-11-05}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;"
!Year
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[[File:R32-pn.jpg|thumb|The [[BMW R32|R32]] [[motorcycle]], the first BMW [[motor vehicle]].]]
[[File:2015 R1200RT right.jpg|thumb|The 2015 [[BMW R1200RT]]]]
BMW began production of motorcycle engines and then motorcycles after World War I.<ref name="artof">Peter Gantriis, Henry Von Wartenberg. "The Art of BMW: 85 Years of Motorcycling Excellence". MotorBooks International, September 2008, p. 10.</ref> Its motorcycle brand is now known as [[BMW Motorrad]]. Their first successful motorcycle after the failed Helios and Flink, was the "[[BMW R32|R32]]" in 1923, though production originally began in 1921.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reference.com/vehicles/history-bmw-motorcycles-usa-5e17ca6bfcbc7a67?qo=cdpArticles|title=What is the history of BMW motorcycles in the USA?|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824225728/https://www.reference.com/vehicles/history-bmw-motorcycles-usa-5e17ca6bfcbc7a67?qo=cdpArticles|archivedate=24 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> This had a "[[Flat-twin engine|boxer]]" twin engine, in which a cylinder projects into the air-flow from each side of the machine. Apart from their single-cylinder models (basically to the same pattern), all their motorcycles used this distinctive layout until the early 1980s. Many BMW’sBMW's are still produced in this layout, which is designated the [[History of BMW motorcycles#R series|R Series]].
 
The entire BMW Motorcycle production has, since 1969, been located at the company’scompany's Berlin-Spandau factory.
 
During the Second World War, BMW produced the [[BMW R75]] motorcycle with a [[sidecar]] attached. Having a unique design copied from the [[Zündapp]] KS750, its sidecar wheel was also motor-driven. Combined with a lockable [[differential (mechanics)|differential]], this made the vehicle very capable off-road, an equivalent in many ways to the [[Willys MB|Jeep]].
Line 268:
In the early 1990s, BMW updated the [[airhead (motorcycle)|airhead]] Boxer engine which became known as the [[oilhead]]. In 2002, the oilhead engine had two spark plugs per cylinder. In 2004 it added a built-in balance shaft, an increased capacity to 1,170&nbsp;cc and enhanced performance to {{convert|100|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} for the [[BMW R1200GS|R1200GS]], compared to {{convert|85|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} of the previous [[BMW R1150GS|R1150GS]]. More powerful variants of the oilhead engines are available in the R1100S and R1200S, producing {{convert|98|and|122|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}, respectively.
 
In 2004, BMW introduced the new K1200S Sports Bike which marked a departure for BMW. It had an engine producing {{convert|167|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}, derived from the company’scompany's work with the Williams F1 team, and is lighter than previous K models. Innovations include electronically adjustable front and rear suspension, and a Hossack-type front fork that BMW calls Duolever.
 
BMW introduced [[anti-lock braking system|anti-lock brakes]] on production motorcycles starting in the late 1980s. The generation of anti-lock brakes available on the 2006 and later BMW motorcycles pave the way for the introduction of [[electronic stability control]], or anti-skid technology later in the 2007 model year.
Line 283:
The current model lines of BMW automobiles are:
 
The '''1 Series''' ([[BMW 1 Series (F20)|F20/F21]]) is the entry level to BMW’sBMW's current model range. It is produced in 3-door and 5-door hatchback body styles. A 4-door sedan variant ([[BMW 1 Series (F52)|F52]]) is also sold in China and Mexico.<ref>{{cite web |title=BMW 1 Series Sedan No Longer China-Exclusive; Launched In Mexico |url=https://www.motor1.com/news/250345/bmw-1-series-sedan-mexico/ |website=Motor1.com |accessdate=14 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120px" style="text-align:left">
File:2015 BMW 120i (F20 LCI) Sport Line 5-door hatchback (2017-07-15) 01.jpg |F20 1 Series
Line 290:
</gallery>
 
The '''2 Series''' ([[BMW 2 Series (F22)|F22/F23]]) is BMW’sBMW's entry level coupes and convertibles. The 2 Series range also consists of the "Active Tourer" ([[BMW 2 Series Active Tourer|F45]]) and "Gran Tourer" ([[BMW 2 Series#BMW 2 Series Gran Tourer (F46, 2015–present)|F46]]) body styles, which are 5-seat and 7-seat [[Multi-purpose vehicle|MPVs]] respectively.
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120px" style="text-align:left">
File:2014-2018 BMW M235i (F22) coupe (2018-07-30) 01.jpg |F22 2 Series
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The [[BMW i]] is a sub-brand of BMW founded in 2011 to design and manufacture [[plug-in electric vehicle]]s.<ref name="AutoMag2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.automobilemag.com/green/news/1005_rich_steinberg_interview/|title=Green: Rich Steinberg Interview: Electric Bimmer Man|publisher=[[Automobile Magazine]]|author=Joe Lorio|date=May 2010|accessdate=2013-02-13|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211181944/http://www.automobilemag.com/green/news/1005_rich_steinberg_interview/|archivedate=11 February 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="BMWi">{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarcongress.com/2011/02/i-20110221.html#more|title=BMW introduces new i sub-brand, first two vehicles i3 and i8; premium mobility services and new venture capital company|publisher=Green Car Congress|date=21 February 2011|accessdate=2011-02-21|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224045612/http://www.greencarcongress.com/2011/02/i-20110221.html#more|archivedate=24 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The sub-brand initial plans called for the release of two vehicles; [[series production]] of the [[BMW i3]] all-electric car began in September 2013,<ref name="i3Production">{{cite web|url=http://green.autoblog.com/2013/09/18/bmw-i3-production-starts/|title=BMW i3 starts production in Germany using local wind power, US carbon fiber|author=Sebastian Blanco|publisher=Autoblog Green|date=18 September 2013|accessdate=2013-09-19|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920160624/http://green.autoblog.com/2013/09/18/bmw-i3-production-starts/|archivedate=20 September 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and the market launch took place in November 2013 with the first retail deliveries in Germany.<ref name="i3Launch">{{cite web|url=http://insideevs.com/bmw-delivers-first-i3-electric-vehicles-in-germany-today/|title=BMW Delivers First i3 Electric Vehicles In Germany Today|author=Jay Cole|publisher=InsideEVs.com|date=15 November 2013|accessdate=2013-11-16|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118195159/http://insideevs.com/bmw-delivers-first-i3-electric-vehicles-in-germany-today/|archivedate=18 November 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[BMW i8]] sports [[plug-in hybrid]] car was launched in Germany in June 2014.<ref name="i8Germany">{{cite web|url=http://insideevs.com/worlds-first-bmw-i8-owners-take-delivery-germany/|title=World's First BMW i8 Owners Take Delivery In Germany|author=Eric Loveday|publisher=InsideEVs.com|date=6 June 2014|accessdate=2014-06-07|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608220238/http://insideevs.com/worlds-first-bmw-i8-owners-take-delivery-germany/|archivedate=8 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
In 2014, BMW developed a prototype of [[street light]]s equipped with power sockets to charge electric cars, called ''Light and Charge''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/07/us-bmw-lighting-sockets-idUSKBN0IR14Q20141107?feedType=RSS&feedName=technologyNews|title=BMW develops street lights with electric car-charging sockets|work=Reuters|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015203903/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/11/07/us-bmw-lighting-sockets-idUSKBN0IR14Q20141107?feedType=RSS&feedName=technologyNews|archivedate=15 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Two of these charging facilities were installed at BMW’sBMW's headquarters in Munich.<ref>{{cite web|title=BMW Tests Street Lights With Electric Car Charging Sockets|url=https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1095401_bmw-tests-street-lights-with-electric-car-charging-sockets|website=www.motorauthority.com|accessdate=18 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018192932/https://www.motorauthority.com/news/1095401_bmw-tests-street-lights-with-electric-car-charging-sockets|archivedate=18 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2015, BMW in cooperation with SCHERM Group has started deploying electric trucks on European roads, making it the first company to ever do so. The truck itself is manufactured by the [[Terberg Group]], one of the world’sworld's largest independent specialist vehicle suppliers.<ref>{{cite news |title=BMW is first to deploy an electric 40-ton truck on European roads |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/7/10/8927489/bmw-electric-truck-europe-terberg |first=James |last=Vincent |work=The Verge |date=15 November 2015 |access-date=2017-04-20 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421091632/https://www.theverge.com/2015/7/10/8927489/bmw-electric-truck-europe-terberg |archivedate=21 April 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BMW Group puts another 40t battery-electric truck into service |url=http://www.electric-vehiclenews.com/2016/11/bmw-and-transport-and-logistics-service.html |work=Electric Vehicle News |date=15 November 2016 |access-date=2017-04-20 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421092952/http://www.electric-vehiclenews.com/2016/11/bmw-and-transport-and-logistics-service.html |archivedate=21 April 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BMW & SCHERM Pilot 40-Ton Electric Truck |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2015/07/10/bmw-scherm-pilot-40-ton-electric-truck/ |first=Zachary |last=Shahan |work=Clean Technica |date=10 June 2015 |access-date=2017-04-20 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421094644/https://cleantechnica.com/2015/07/10/bmw-scherm-pilot-40-ton-electric-truck/ |archivedate=21 April 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
Combined sales of the BMW i brand models reached the 50,000 unit milestone in January 2016.<ref name="BMWi50K">{{cite news| url=http://www.hybridcars.com/bmw-sells-its-50000th-i-series-worldwide-in-january/| title=BMW Sells its 50,000th i-Series Worldwide in January| first=Jeff| last=Cobb| work=HybridCars.com| date=15 February 2016| accessdate=2016-02-16| deadurl=no| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217092000/http://www.hybridcars.com/bmw-sells-its-50000th-i-series-worldwide-in-january/| archivedate=17 February 2016| df=dmy-all}} ''A total of 41,586 i3s and 7,197 i8s have been sold worldwide through December 2015.''</ref> Two years after its introduction, the [[BMW i3]] ranked as the world’sworld's third best selling all-electric car in history.<ref name="BMWi2yrs">{{cite press release|url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/pressDetail.html?title=the-bmw-i3-turns-two-time-for-an-interim-review-in-germany-the-bmw-i3-has-been-the-best-selling&outputChannelId=6&id=T0242822EN&left_menu_item=node__8601|title=The BMW i3 turns two. Time for an interim review. In Germany the BMW i3 has been the best-selling electric car since it was launched. In the worldwide ranking it stands third.|publisher=BMW Group|location=Munich|date=12 November 2015|accessdate=2015-11-16|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033026/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/pressDetail.html?title=the-bmw-i3-turns-two-time-for-an-interim-review-in-germany-the-bmw-i3-has-been-the-best-selling&outputChannelId=6&id=T0242822EN&left_menu_item=node__8601|archivedate=17 November 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Global sales of the BMW i3 achieved the 50,000 unit milestone in July 2016.<ref name="BMWi3_50K">{{cite news| url=http://www.hybridcars.com/renault-zoe-and-bmw-i3-join-the-50000-sales-club/| title=Renault Zoe and BMW i3 Join The 50,000 Sales Club| first=Jeff| last=Cobb| work=HybridCars.com| date=1 August 2016| accessdate=2016-08-04| deadurl=no| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803225304/http://www.hybridcars.com/renault-zoe-and-bmw-i3-join-the-50000-sales-club/| archivedate=3 August 2016| df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
In February 2016, BMW announced the introduction of the "iPerformance" model designation, which will be given to all BMW [[plug-in hybrid]] vehicles from July 2016. The aim is to provide a visible indicator of the transfer of technology from [[BMW i]] to the BMW core brand. The new designation will be used first on the plug-in hybrid variants of the latest [[BMW 7 Series]].<ref name="Geneva2016">{{cite press release |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/pressDetail.html?title=bmw-at-the-86th-geneva-international-motor-show-2016&outputChannelId=6&id=T0253602EN&left_menu_item=node__803 |title=BMW at the 86th Geneva International Motor Show 2016 |publisher=BMW Group PressClub Global |location=Munich |date=12 February 2016|accessdate=2016-02-12}}</ref> Global sales of all BMW plug-in electrified models achieved the 100,000 unit milestone in early November 2016, consisting of more than 60,000 BMW i3s, over 10,000 BMW i8s, and about 30,000 from combined sales of all BMW iPerformance plug-in hybrid models.<ref name="BMWicars100k">{{cite press release | url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0265529EN/three-years-since-the-market-launch-of-bmw-i-100-000-electrified-bmw-on-the-road | title=Three years since the market launch of BMW i. 100,000 electrified BMW on the road | publisher=BMW Group Press Club Global | location=Munich | date=3 November 2016 | accessdate=2016-11-03 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104080537/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0265529EN/three-years-since-the-market-launch-of-bmw-i-100-000-electrified-bmw-on-the-road | archivedate=4 November 2016 | df=dmy-all }} ''Three year after the market launch of the BMW i3, the BMW Group has delivered more than 100,000 purely electric-powered cars and plug-in hybrids to customers worldwide. The BMW i3 alone has reached more than 60,000 units, making it the most successful electric vehicle in the premium compact segment. The BMW i8 ranks first among electrified sports cars, with more than 10,000 delivered since the middle of 2014. Additionally, there are the approximately 30,000 iPerformance plug-in hybrids sold.''</ref>
 
{{As of|2016|11}}, four BMW electrified models have been released, the [[BMW X5 xDrive40e iPerformance]], [[BMW 225xe iPerformance Active Tourer]], [[BMW 330e iPerformance]], and the [[BMW 740e iPerformance]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/corporation/iperformance/index.html |title=Electrified by BMW i - BMW iPerformance: Plug-in hybrids with BMW i know-how |author=BMW Group |publisher=BMW.com |date=November 2016 |accessdate=2016-11-03 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031184826/http://www.bmw.com/com/en/insights/corporation/iperformance/index.html |archivedate=31 October 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The [[BMW 530e iPerformance]] is scheduled to be released in Europe March 2017 as part of the upcoming seventh generation [[BMW 5 Series (G30)|BMW 5 Series]] lineup.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://insideevs.com/bmw-530e-iperformance-debuts-arrives-in-march-specs-video/ | title=BMW 530e iPerformance Debuts, Arrives In March – Specs, Video | first=Jay | last=Cole | publisher=InsideEVs.com | date=13 October 2016 | accessdate=2016-10-18 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017035805/http://insideevs.com/bmw-530e-iperformance-debuts-arrives-in-march-specs-video/ | archivedate=17 October 2016 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Global sales of all plug-in electrified models achieved the 100,000 unit milestone in early November 2016, consisting of more than 60,000 i3s, over 10,000 i8s, and about 30,000 from combined sales of all BMW iPerformance plug-in hybrid models.<ref name=BMWicars100k/> Combined global sales of BMW’sBMW's electrified models totaled more than 62,000 units in 2016,<ref name="BMWi2016">{{cite press release | url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0267084EN/bmw-group-achieves-sixth-consecutive-all-time-sales-high-and-remains-world%E2%80%99s-leading-premium-car-company | title=BMW Group achieves sixth consecutive all-time sales high and remains world's leading premium car company | publisher=BMW Group Global | location=Munich | date=9 January 2017 | accessdate=2017-02-25 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226131541/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0267084EN/bmw-group-achieves-sixth-consecutive-all-time-sales-high-and-remains-world%E2%80%99s-leading-premium-car-company | archivedate=26 February 2017 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> and 103,080 in 2017, including [[Mini (marque)|MINI brand]] electrified vehicles.<ref name="BMWi2017">{{cite press release|url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/latin-america-caribbean/article/detail/T0278223EN/record-sales-for-bmw-group-worldwide-during-2017-while-it-boosts-the-premium-car-market-in-mexico-latin-america-and-the-caribbean?language=en|title=Record sales for BMW Group worldwide during 2017 while it boosts the Premium car market in Mexico, Latin America and the Caribbean.|publisher=BMW Group|location=[[Mexico City]]|date=25 January 2018|accessdate=2018-02-16|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205072835/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/latin-america-caribbean/article/detail/T0278223EN/record-sales-for-bmw-group-worldwide-during-2017-while-it-boosts-the-premium-car-market-in-mexico-latin-america-and-the-caribbean?language=en|archivedate=5 February 2018|df=dmy-all}} ''The BMW Group delivered a total of 103,080 plug-in electric cars in 2017 worldwide, including MINI plug-in hybrid models. Of these, 31,482 were i3s.''</ref> Cumulative global sales of [[BMW Group]]’s electrified vehicles passed the 250,000 unit milestone in April 2018.<ref name=BMWi250K>{{cite press release |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0281103EN/more-than-a-quarter-of-a-million-electrified-bmw-group-vehicles-on-the-roads-after-strong-april-sales-growth |title=More than a quarter of a million electrified BMW Group vehicles on the roads after strong April sales growth | publisher=[[BMW Group]] | location=Munich | date=2018-05-15 | accessdate=2018-05-26}}</ref>
 
===M models===
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== Involvement in the arts ==
Manufacturers employ [[Industrial design|designer]]s for their cars, but BMW has made efforts to gain recognition for exceptional contributions to and support of the arts, including art beyond motor vehicle design. These efforts typically overlap or complement BMW’sBMW's marketing and branding campaigns.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BMW Commissions Artists for Auto Werke Art Project |periodical=Art Business News| year= 2000 |volume=27 |issue=13 |page=22 }}</ref>
 
=== Art Cars ===
{{main|BMW Art Car}}
In 1975, [[Alexander Calder]] was commissioned to paint the [[BMW 3.0CSL|3.0CSL]] driven by Hervé Poulain at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, which became the first in the series of BMW Art Cars. This led to more [[BMW Art Car]]s, painted by artists including [[Andy Warhol]], [[Jenny Holzer]], [[Roy Lichtenstein]] and others. The cars, currently numbering 17, have been shown at the [[Louvre]], [[Guggenheim Museum Bilbao]], [[Los Angeles County Museum of Art]] and New York’sYork's [[Grand Central Terminal]].<ref name="Patton2009">{{Cite news |last=Patton |first=Phil |date=12 March 2009 |title=These Canvases Need Oil and a Good Driver |periodical=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/automobiles/collectibles/15artcars.html |page=AU1 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329032117/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/automobiles/collectibles/15artcars.html |archivedate=29 March 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120" style="text-align:left">
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{{main|BMW Headquarters}}
[[File:4 cilindros y museo BMW, Múnich, Alemania 2012-04-28, DD 02.JPG|thumb|right|upright|BMW Headquarters]]
BMW’sBMW's Munich headquarters represents the cylinder head of a [[inline-four engine|4-cylinder engine]]. It was designed by [[Karl Schwanzer]] and was completed in 1972. The building has become a European icon<ref name=Patton2009/> and was declared a protected historic building in 1999. The main tower consists of four vertical cylinders standing next to and across from each other. Each cylinder is divided horizontally in its center by a mold in the facade. Notably, these cylinders do not stand on the ground; they are suspended on a central support tower.
 
[[BMW Museum]] is a futuristic cauldron-shaped building, which was also designed by Karl Schwanzer and opened in 1972.<ref>{{cite web|title=Touring the Temples of German Automaking|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/03/automobiles/03museums.html|website=www.nytimes.com|accessdate=21 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022085155/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/03/automobiles/03museums.html|archivedate=22 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The interior has a spiral theme and the roof is a 40-metre diameter BMW logo.
 
BMW’sBMW's exhibition space in Munich, [[BMW Welt]], was designed by [[Coop Himmelb(l)au]] and opened in 2007. It includes a showroom and lifting platforms where a customer’scustomer's new car is theatrically unveiled to the customer.<ref>{{Citation |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=UPi7nca0jukC&pg=PA64 |page= 64 |title= Happy Customers Everywhere: How Your Business Can Profit from the Insights of Positive Psychology |first1= Bernd |last1= Schmitt |first2= Glenn |last2= Van Zutphen |publisher= Macmillan |year= 2012 |isbn= 9781137000460 |deadurl= no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20180319230302/https://books.google.com/books?id=UPi7nca0jukC&pg=PA64 |archivedate= 19 March 2018 |df= dmy-all }}</ref>
 
The [[BMW Central Building]] in Leipzig was designed by [[Zaha Hadid]].
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In 2006, the BMW group (including Mini and Rolls-Royce) produced 1,366,838 four-wheeled vehicles, which were manufactured in five countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/bmw.pdf |title=World Motor Vehicle Production, OICA correspondents survey 2006 |format=PDF |accessdate=28 August 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612040841/http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/bmw.pdf |archivedate=12 June 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 2010, it manufactured 1,481,253 four-wheeled vehicles and 112,271 motorcycles (under both the BMW and Husqvarna brands).<ref name="AR2010">{{cite web|url=http://annual-report.bmwgroup.com/2010/gb/files/pdf/en/BMW_Group_AR2010.pdf |format=PDF |title=Annual Report 2010 |accessdate=16 March 2011 |publisher=BMW Group |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516025402/http://annual-report.bmwgroup.com/2010/gb/files/pdf/en/BMW_Group_AR2010.pdf |archivedate=16 May 2011 }}</ref>
 
BMW Motorcycles are being produced at the company’scompany's Berlin factory, which earlier had produced aircraft engines for Siemens.
 
By 2011, about 56% of BMW-brand vehicles produced are powered by petrol engines and the remaining 44% are powered by diesel engines. Of those petrol vehicles, about 27% are four-cylinder models and <!-- #six-cylinder? -->about nine percent are eight-cylinder models.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/blogs/autocarconfidential/archive/2011/02/18/the-future-of-bmw-s-engines.aspx |title=The future of BMW's engines |date=11 February 2011 |author=Hilton Holloway |publisher=Autocar |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117165709/http://www.autocar.co.uk/blogs/autocarconfidential/archive/2011/02/18/the-future-of-bmw-s-engines.aspx |archivedate=17 January 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> On average, 9,000 vehicles per day exit BMW plants, and 63% are [[rail freight|transported by rail]].<ref name="alcl1">{{cite web |url=http://automotivelogistics.media/intelligence/bmw-shaping-self-steering-supply-chain |title=BMW's 'connected' logistics: Shaping a self-steering supply chain |author=Christopher Ludwig |date=22 December 2016 |publisher=Automotive Logistics |accessdate=6 April 2017 |quote=logistics as the "heart of BMW's production system": 30m parts per day move from 1,800 suppliers; 7,000 sea freight containers per day, and in a year 84m cubic metres across ocean, road, rail and air freight. Outbound, around 9,000 vehicles leave BMW plants each day on their way to 4,500 dealers in 160 countries. 63% of cars leave plants by train |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407053706/http://automotivelogistics.media/intelligence/bmw-shaping-self-steering-supply-chain |archivedate=7 April 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
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In Fall 2017, BMW recalled roughly a million cars and SUVs for fire risk. One recall was for 672,000 3 Series cars from model years 2006-11 with climate control system electronic components at risk of overheating. The second recall was for 740,000 six-cylinder models (328i, 525i), at risk of crankcase heating short-circuit; some Series 3 cars were subject to both recalls.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caron |first1=Christina |title=BMW Recalls Roughly a Million Vehicles at Risk of Catching Fire |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/04/business/bmw-recall-fire.html |website=New York Times |accessdate=13 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
 
In August 2018, the government of [[South Korea]] announced the ban of BMW vehicles on the country’scountry's roads after 39 of the manufacturer’smanufacturer's cars caught fire.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2018/08/14/news/companies/bmw-korea-fire-recall/index.html |title=BMW Recall: South Korea announces ban after engine fires |first=Jethro |last=Mullen |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=14 August 2018 |accessdate=16 October 2018}}</ref> In response, BMW recalled 106,000 diesel vehicles in South Korea with a defective exhaust gas recirculation module, then expanded the recall to 324,000 more cars in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Randewich |first1=Noel |last2=Duguid |first2=Kate |title=BMW recalls 324,000 cars in Europe after Korean engine fires: FAZ |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bmw-recall/bmw-recalls-324000-cars-in-europe-after-korean-engine-fires-faz-idUSKBN1KS1ST |website=Reuters |accessdate=13 August 2018}}</ref>
 
== Sales ==
Vehicles sold in all markets according to BMW’sBMW's annual reports.
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
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* [[Daimler Benz]]: Joint venture to produce the hybrid drivetrain components used in the [[BMW 7 Series (F01)#ActiveHybrid 7 (F04)|ActiveHybrid 7]].<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 BMW ActiveHybrid 7 Review|url=https://www.topspeed.com/cars/bmw/2010-bmw-activehybrid-7-ar77932.html|website=www.topspeed.com|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2010 BMW ActiveHybrid 7 – Official Information|url=https://www.bmwblog.com/2009/08/12/2010-bmw-activehybrid-7-official-information/|website=www.bmwblog.com|accessdate=5 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006111849/http://www.bmwblog.com/2009/08/12/2010-bmw-activehybrid-7-official-information/|archivedate=6 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* [[Toyota]]: Three-part agreement in 2013 to jointly develop [[fuel cell]] technology, develop a joint platform for a sports car (for the 2018 [[BMW Z4 (G29)]] and [[Toyota Supra]]) and research [[Lithium–air battery|lithium-air batteries]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BMW Group and Toyota Motor Corporation Deepen Collaboration by Signing Binding Agreements|url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0136503EN/bmw-group-and-toyota-motor-corporation-deepen-collaboration-by-signing-binding-agreements?language=en|website=www.bmwgroup.com|accessdate=5 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006012024/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0136503EN/bmw-group-and-toyota-motor-corporation-deepen-collaboration-by-signing-binding-agreements?language=en|archivedate=6 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1081864_bmw-to-build-hydrogen-fuel-cell-cars-with-toyota-technology|date=24 January 2013|title=BMW, Toyota Confirm Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Technology Deals|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628173239/http://www.greencarreports.com/news/1081864_bmw-to-build-hydrogen-fuel-cell-cars-with-toyota-technology|archivedate=28 June 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=BMW and Toyota sign Agreement for Fuel Cell System, Sports Vehicle, Lightweight Technology and Lithium-air Battery|url=https://www.bmwblog.com/2013/01/24/bmw-and-toyota-sign-agreement-for-fuel-cell-system-sports-vehicle-lightweight-technology-and-lithium-air-battery/|website=www.bmwblog.com|accessdate=5 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006012254/http://www.bmwblog.com/2013/01/24/bmw-and-toyota-sign-agreement-for-fuel-cell-system-sports-vehicle-lightweight-technology-and-lithium-air-battery/|archivedate=6 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* [[Audi]] and [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]: Joint purchase of Nokia’sNokia's [[Here WeGo]] (formerly Here Maps) in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nokia sells Here maps unit to Audi, BMW, and Mercedes for $3 billion|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/8/3/9088727/nokia-sells-here-maps|website=www.theverge.com|accessdate=5 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006011721/https://www.theverge.com/2015/8/3/9088727/nokia-sells-here-maps|archivedate=6 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
==Sponsorships==
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In [[association football|soccer]] (football), BMW sponsors [[Bundesliga]] club [[Eintracht Frankfurt]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/german_champions_borussia_dortmund_join_solar_trend/|title=German champions Borussia Dortmund join solar trend|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307014439/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/german_champions_borussia_dortmund_join_solar_trend|archivedate=7 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
At the [[London 2012]] Olympic games, BMW’sBMW's sponsorship included providing 4000 BMWs and Minis.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/olympics/london_2012/article6922432.ece|title=BMW chosen to provide official Minis for 2012 London Olympics|publisher=The Times|date=18 November 2009|accessdate=28 July 2011}}</ref> BMW also made a six-year sponsorship deal with the [[United States Olympic Committee]] (USOC) in July 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=BMW, USOC make 6-year sponsorship deal official|url=https://www.teamusa.org/News/2010/July/26/BMW-USOC-make-6-year-sponsorship-deal-official|website=www.teamusa.org|accessdate=7 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007120657/https://www.teamusa.org/News/2010/July/26/BMW-USOC-make-6-year-sponsorship-deal-official|archivedate=7 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=BMW to sponsor America's Olympic committee|url=https://www.autonews.com/article/20100726/OEM/100729924/bmw-to-sponsor-americas-olympic-committee|website=www.autonews.com|accessdate=7 October 2017}}</ref>
 
In golf, BMW has sponsored various events,<ref>{{cite web|title=BMW Int'l Sponsorship Head Eckhard Wannieck Talks About Company's Sports Sponsorships|url=https://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Global/Issues/2013/04/10/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/BMW-QA-Eckhard-Wannieck.aspx|website=www.sportsbusinessdaily.com|accessdate=7 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171358/http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Global/Issues/2013/04/10/Marketing-and-Sponsorship/BMW-QA-Eckhard-Wannieck.aspx|archivedate=7 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> including the [[PGA Championship]],<ref>{{cite web|title=BMW extends sponsorship of BMW Championship|url=https://www.pgatour.com/news/2014/05/27/bmw-extends-title-sponsorship-bmw-championship.html|website=www.pgatour.com|accessdate=7 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007170058/https://www.pgatour.com/news/2014/05/27/bmw-extends-title-sponsorship-bmw-championship.html|archivedate=7 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sponsors|url=https://www.pgatour.com/tournaments/bmw-championship/sponsors.html|website=www.pgatour.com|accessdate=7 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007120237/https://www.pgatour.com/tournaments/bmw-championship/sponsors.html|archivedate=7 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> the [[BMW Italian Open]], the [[BMW Masters]] in China<ref>{{cite web|title=Who Does What: Automobile Manufacturers|url=https://www.sponsorship.com/iegsr/2014/05/12/Who-Does-What--Automobile-Manufacturers.aspx|website=www.sponsorship.com|accessdate=7 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916212040/http://www.sponsorship.com/iegsr/2014/05/12/Who-Does-What--Automobile-Manufacturers.aspx|archivedate=16 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Slow And Steady Course: Inside BMW's Sponsorship Strategy|url=https://www.sponsorship.com/IEGSR/2012/11/19/A-Slow-And-Steady-Course--Inside-BMW-s-Sponsorship.aspx|website=www.sponsorship.com|accessdate=7 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610083234/http://www.sponsorship.com/iegsr/2012/11/19/A-Slow-And-Steady-Course--Inside-BMW-s-Sponsorship.aspx|archivedate=10 June 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and the [[BMW International Open]] in Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportbusiness.com/news/176850/bmw-extends-sponsorship-of-wentworth-pga-event |title=BMW extends sponsorship of Wentworth PGA event |publisher=Sportbusiness.com |date= |accessdate=28 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612010703/http://www.sportbusiness.com/news/176850/bmw-extends-sponsorship-of-wentworth-pga-event |archivedate=12 June 2010 }}</ref>
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BMW is a charter member of the [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]]’s (EPA) National Environmental Achievement Track, which recognizes companies for their environmental stewardship and performance.<ref>{{cite web|title=Performance Track Final Progress Report|url=http://www.epa.gov/performancetrack/downloads/PT_ProgRprt_2009_web.pdf|publisher=EPA|accessdate=25 December 2013|date=May 2009|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025082149/http://www.epa.gov/performancetrack/downloads/PT_ProgRprt_2009_web.pdf|archivedate=25 October 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It is also a member of the South Carolina Environmental Excellence Program.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sauer|first=Paul|title=Ultimate Factories|url=http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/ultimate-factories/articles/facts-bmw/|work=Facts: BMW|publisher=National Geographic|accessdate=24 December 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224101611/http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/ultimate-factories/articles/facts-bmw/|archivedate=24 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
Since 1999, BMW has been named the world’sworld's most sustainable automotive company every year by the Dow Jones Sustainability Index.<ref>{{cite web|title=BMW Group once again sector leader in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. World's most sustainable automotive company in 2016|url=https://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/bmw-group-sector-leader-dow-jones-sustainability-index-worlds-sustainable-automotive-company-2016/|website=www.automotiveworld.com|accessdate=9 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009193831/https://www.automotiveworld.com/news-releases/bmw-group-sector-leader-dow-jones-sustainability-index-worlds-sustainable-automotive-company-2016/|archivedate=9 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The BMW Group is one of three automotive companies to be featured every year in the index.<ref>{{cite web|title=BMW Group once again sector leader in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. World's most sustainable automotive company in 2016|url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0263520EN/bmw-group-once-again-sector-leader-in-the-dow-jones-sustainability-index-world%E2%80%99s-most-sustainable-automotive-company-in-2016?language=en|website=www.bmwgroup.com|accessdate=9 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009193752/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0263520EN/bmw-group-once-again-sector-leader-in-the-dow-jones-sustainability-index-world%E2%80%99s-most-sustainable-automotive-company-in-2016?language=en|archivedate=9 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2001, the BMW Group committed itself to the United Nations Environment Programme, the UN Global Compact and the Cleaner Production Declaration. It was also the first company in the automotive industry to appoint an environmental officer, in 1973.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/pressDetail.html?title=bmw-group-once-again-sector-leader-in-dow-jones-sustainability-index&outputChannelId=6&id=T0131942EN&left_menu_item=node__805|title=BMW Group once again sector leader in Dow Jones Sustainability Index|work=bmwgroup.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231203843/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/pressDetail.html?title=bmw-group-once-again-sector-leader-in-dow-jones-sustainability-index&outputChannelId=6&id=T0131942EN&left_menu_item=node__805|archivedate=31 December 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> BMW is a member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development.<ref>https://www.wbcsd.org/Overview/Our-members/Members/BMW-AG</ref>
 
In 2012, BMW was the highest automotive company in the Carbon Disclosure Project’sProject's Global 500 list, with a score of 99 out of 100.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carbon Disclosure Project Reveals Global Top 10; Apple and Amazon Don't Respond|url=https://www.environmentalleader.com/2012/09/carbon-disclosure-project-reveals-global-top-10-apple-and-amazon-dont-respond/|website=www.environmentalleader.com|accessdate=9 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009143632/https://www.environmentalleader.com/2012/09/carbon-disclosure-project-reveals-global-top-10-apple-and-amazon-dont-respond/|archivedate=9 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Carbon Disclosure Project recognises BMW Group for the exemplary transparency of its climate protection activities - Number One Automotive Manufacturer in the CDP Global 500 ranking|url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/usa/article/detail/T0121093EN_US/carbon-disclosure-project-recognises-bmw-group-for-the-exemplary-transparency-of-its-climate-protection-activities-number-one-automotive-manufacturer-in-the-cdp-global-500-ranking?language=en_US|website=www.bmwgroup.com|accessdate=9 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009143527/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/usa/article/detail/T0121093EN_US/carbon-disclosure-project-recognises-bmw-group-for-the-exemplary-transparency-of-its-climate-protection-activities-number-one-automotive-manufacturer-in-the-cdp-global-500-ranking?language=en_US|archivedate=9 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The BMW Group was rated the most sustainable DAX 30 company by [[Sustainalytics]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmwgroup.com/bmwgroup_prod/e/0_0_www_bmwgroup_com/verantwortung/svr_2012/nachhaltiges_wirtschaften.html|title=BMW Group : Sustainable Value Report 2012 : Sustainability management|author=BMW Group|date=16 May 2014|work=bmwgroup.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231203843/http://www.bmwgroup.com/bmwgroup_prod/e/0_0_www_bmwgroup_com/verantwortung/svr_2012/nachhaltiges_wirtschaften.html|archivedate=31 December 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
To reduce vehicle emissions, BMW is improving the efficiency of existing fossil-fuel powered models, while researching electric power, [[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid power]] and hydrogen for future models.<ref>Bird, J and Walker, M: "BMW A Sustainable Future? ", page 11. Wild World 2005</ref>
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===Brazil===
On 9 October 2014, BMW’sBMW's new South American automobile plant in [[Araquari]], [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] assembled its first car, an [[BMW F30|F30]] 3 Series.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/pressDetail.html?title=bmw-group-assembles-first-car-in-brazil&outputChannelId=6&id=T0194443EN&left_menu_item=node__4088 |title=BMW Group assembles first car in Brazil |publisher=press.bmwgroup.com |date=9 October 2014 |accessdate=21 December 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221200532/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/pressDetail.html?title=bmw-group-assembles-first-car-in-brazil&outputChannelId=6&id=T0194443EN&left_menu_item=node__4088 |archivedate=21 December 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The cars assembled at Araquari are the [[BMW F20|F20]] 1 Series, [[BMW F30|F30]] 3 Series, [[BMW F48|F48]] X1, [[BMW F25|F25]] X3 and [[Mini Countryman]].<ref name="automotivemanufacturingsolutions">{{cite web|title=BMW: Global growth|url=https://automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com/focus/bmw-globally-german|website=www.automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com|accessdate=28 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028144647/https://automotivemanufacturingsolutions.com/focus/bmw-globally-german|archivedate=28 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Cars are assembled from [[Knock-down kit|complete knock-down]] components.<ref>{{cite web|title=BMW Brazil to export X1 SUVs to US|url=https://www.just-auto.com/news/bmw-brazil-to-export-x1-suvs-to-us_id169279.aspx|website=www.just-auto.com|accessdate=28 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028144957/https://www.just-auto.com/news/bmw-brazil-to-export-x1-suvs-to-us_id169279.aspx|archivedate=28 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
===Canada===
BMW’sBMW's first dealership in Canada, located in [[Ottawa]], was opened in 1969.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Otto's Story|url=http://www.bmwottos.ca/en/ottos_story.php|website=www.bmwottos.ca|accessdate=28 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028093821/http://www.bmwottos.ca/en/ottos_story.php|archivedate=28 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 1986, BMW established a head office in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|title=In photos: The evolution and history of BMW as it turns 100|url=https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/globe-drive/in-photos-100-years-of-bmw/article29032892/|website=www.theglobeandmail.com|accessdate=28 October 2017}}</ref>
 
BMW sold 28,149 vehicles in Canada in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=History of BMW Canada|url=https://www.bmwlondon.ca/history-bmw-canada/|website=www.bmwlondon.ca|accessdate=28 October 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028094453/https://www.bmwlondon.ca/history-bmw-canada/|archivedate=28 October 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
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The manufacturing plant in [[Greer, South Carolina]] has the highest production of the BMW plants worldwide,<ref name="roundel201504">{{cite journal|title=BMW Plant Spartanburg leads U.S. auto exports|journal=[[Roundel (magazine)|Roundel]]|date=April 2015|page=30|publisher=[[BMW Car Club of America]]|issn=0889-3225}}</ref> currently producing approximately 1,400 vehicles per day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bmwusfactory.com/manufacturing/production-overview/|title=Production Overview {{!}} BMW US Factory|website=www.bmwusfactory.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-26|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704111309/https://www.bmwusfactory.com/manufacturing/production-overview/|archivedate=4 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The models produced at the Spartanburg plant are the [[BMW X3|X3]], [[BMW X4|X4]], [[BMW X5|X5]], [[BMW X6|X6]] and [[BMW X7|X7]] SUV models.
 
In addition to the South Carolina manufacturing facility, BMW’sBMW's North American companies include sales, marketing, design, and financial services operations in the United States, Mexico, Canada and Latin America.
 
=== Hungary ===
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