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{{ infobox royalty
| name = Margaret
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| reign1 =1244–1280
| predecessor1 = [[Joan, Countess of Flanders|Joan]]
| successor1 = [[John II, Count of
| spouse = [[Bouchard IV of Avesnes|Bouchard of Avesnes]]<br>(m. 1212 – annul. 1215, sep. 1221)<br>[[William II of Dampierre|William II of Dampierre]]<br>(m. 1223 – wid. 1231)
| issue = [[John I, Count of Hainaut|John of Avesnes]]<br>[[Baldwin of Avesnes]]<br>[[William II, Count of Flanders|William III of Dampierre]]<br>[[Guy, Count of Flanders|Guy of Dampierre]]
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{{quote|Sacrifice them, you truculent meat eater and devours one of them cooked with pepper sauce and other roasted with garlic.<ref>Wade Labarge, pp. 111-112.</ref>}}
Because the Avesnes heir, her grandson [[John II, Count of Holland|John II]] was still underage, Margaret managed to recovered the government of Hainaut, while in Flanders she kept her son Guy of Dampierre as her co-ruler until 29 December 1278, when she abdicated in his favor, retaining Hainaut as sole ruler until May 1279, when she appointed John II as her co-ruler in Hainaut until her death nine months later, in February 1280.<ref name="KN">Karen Nicholas: ''Countesses as Rulers in Flanders'' in: ''Aristocratic Women in Medieval France'', ed. Theodore Evergates (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1999).</ref> John II of Avesnes then suceeded her as sole Count of Hainaut, and through his marriage, he became [[Count of Holland]] and [[Count of Zeeland|Zeeland]] in 1299.
Like her sister, Margaret conducted an economic policy designed to encourage international commerce. She removed restrictions on foreigner traders, despite pressures from local traders, who wanted to maintain monopolies. She also issued a new coinage. Her policies helped [[Bruges]] turn into an international port. In 1278, she abdicated in Flanders in favour of her son Guy. She ruled Hainaut until her death in 1280. {{citation needed|date=February 2015}}▼
Margaret's death ended the personal union between Flanders and Hainaut, who lasted for almost one century. Both Counties were only reunited again in 1432 when [[Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut|Jacqueline of Bavaria]], the Avesnes heiress, surrender her domains to [[Philip the Good|Philip III, Duke of Burgundy]], the Dampierre heir.
==Political role==
===Economy===
▲Like her sister, Margaret conducted an economic policy designed to encourage international commerce. She removed restrictions on foreigner traders, despite pressures from local traders, who wanted to maintain monopolies. She also issued a new coinage.
Her policies also helped to turn [[Bruges]] into an international port, granting privileges to the merchants of [[Poitou]], [[Gascony]] and [[Kingdom of Castile|Castile]], in addition to improvements in the water gates.<ref>Wade Labarge, p. 112.</ref> During 1270-1275 she became involved in a trade war with England, probably the first time that the economy was openly used as a weapon in a conflict between states with unfavorable outcome. Margaret demanded from England payments for her support during the revolt of [[Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester|Simon de Montfort]]. Because King [[Henry III of England|Henry III]] claimed that because he recruit mercenary soldiers, he didn't see any reason to made payments.<ref name="KN"/>
In retaliation, Margaret seized the possessions of English merchants in Flanders while Henry III and later her son and successor [[Edward I|Edward I]] seized those of Flemish merchants in England and also stopped the exports of wool to Flanders and townspeole who depended on the textile trade pressured the Countess and her son Guy to entered in negociations with the English; henceforth the Flemish no longer dominated the transport of goods between the continent and England.<ref name="KN"/>
===Religion===
Like her sister, Margaret supported and founded religious houses.<ref name="Jordan538" /> In 1245, she founded the [[Béguinage]] in Bruges. She also had an interest in architecture and patronized writers and poets. In 1260 she founded the Abbey of Saint Elizabeth du Quesnoy, now destroyed.<ref>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=bmNGAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR56&dq=Quesnoy+abbaye+Sainte-Elisabeth&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=SMAMT9PHAcTLhAfCq4ydBA#v=onepage&q=Quesnoy%20abbaye%20Sainte-Elisabeth&f=false Eugène François Joseph Tailliar: ''Recueil d a̕ctes des XIIe et XIIIe siècles en langue romane wallonne du Nord de la France''- A. d'A̕ubers ed., 1849].</ref>
Closely related to the [[Dominican Order]] during her stay in [[Valenciennes]] after her marital separation, Margaret founded convents of this order in [[Ypres]] and [[Douai]] and also seek the advice from [[Thomas Aquinas]] in matters of government, by asking moral questions about the [[usury]] and the treatment of [[Jews]] who practiced and on the sale of offices, if she is was as the recipient of the ''Letter to the Duchess of Brabant'' as was thought.<ref>Wade Labarge, pp. 112-113.</ref>
==Notes==
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{{s-ttl | title = [[Count of Hainaut|Countess of Hainaut]]
| years = 1257–1280}}
{{s-aft | after = [[John II, Count of
{{s-end}}
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