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Digital cameras come in a wide range of sizes, prices and capabilities. In addition to general purpose digital cameras, specialized cameras including [[multispectral imaging]] equipment and [[astrograph]]s are used for scientific, military, medical and other special purposes.
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[[File:Sony DSC-W170.jpg|thumb|left|Subcompact with lens assembly retracted]]
[[File:Disassembled digital camera.jpg|thumb|left|Disassembled compact digital camera]]
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In 2013, Sony released two add-on camera models without display, to be used with a smartphone or tablet, controlled by a [[mobile application]] via WiFi.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.engadget.com/2013/09/04/sony-qx100-qx10-lens-cameras/ |title=Sony DSC-QX100 and QX10 lens cameras bring top-notch optics to any smartphone or tablet, we go hands-on (video) |date=September 4, 2013}}</ref>
=== Rugged compacts ===
Rugged compact cameras typically include protection against submersion, hot and cold conditions, shock and pressure. Terms used to describe such properties include waterproof, freezeproof, heatproof, shockproof and crushproof, respectively. Nearly all major camera manufacturers have at least one product in this category. Some are waterproof to a considerable depth.
[[GoPro]] and other brands offer action cameras which are rugged, small and can be easily attached to [[helmet cam|helmet]], arm, bicycle, etc. Most have wide angle and fixed focus, and can take motion and still pictures, usually without sound.▼
===Bridge cameras===
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===Digital single-lens reflex cameras===
[[File:E-30-Cutmodel.jpg|thumb|Cutaway of an [[Olympus E-30]] DSLR]]
{{Main|Digital single-lens reflex camera}}
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Until early 2014, only Sony had released DSLT cameras. By March 2014, Sony had released more DSLTs than DSLRs with a relatively complete lenses line-up, but with very limited support from third parties lenses and very limited near-fully compatible third parties external flashes.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}
===Digital rangefinders===▼
{{Main|Rangefinder camera#Digital rangefinder}}▼
A rangefinder is a user-operated optical mechanism to measure subject distance. Most digital cameras measure subject distance automatically using electro-optical techniques, but it is not customary to say that they have a rangefinder.▼
===Line-scan camera systems===
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Such cameras are also commonly used to make [[photo finish]]es, to determine the winner when multiple competitors cross the finishing line at nearly the same time. They can also be used as industrial instruments for analyzing fast processes.
{{Further2|[[Rotating line camera]]}}
▲===Digital rangefinders===
▲{{Main|Rangefinder camera#Digital rangefinder}}
▲A rangefinder is a user-operated optical mechanism to measure subject distance. Most digital cameras measure subject distance automatically using electro-optical techniques, but it is not customary to say that they have a rangefinder.
▲=== Action camera ===
▲[[GoPro]] and other brands offer action cameras which are rugged, small and can be easily attached to [[helmet cam|helmet]], arm, bicycle, etc. Most have wide angle and fixed focus, and can take motion and still pictures, usually without sound.
=== Stand alone camera ===
Stand alone cameras can be used as [[remote camera]]. One kind weighs 2.31 ounces, with periscope shape, IPx7 water-resistance and dust-resistance rating and can be enhanced to IPx8 by using a cap. They have no view finder or LCD display. Lens is 146 degree wide angle or standard lens, and fixed focus. It has microphone and speaker, a can take photo and video. As remote camera, a phone app using Android or iOS can send live, change settings, take photo, time lapse.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.engadget.com/2014/10/08/htc-re-camera/ |title=HTC's RE camera is a GoPro for NoPros |author=Brad Molen |date=October 8, 2014}}</ref>
Many devices have a built-in digital camera. For example, mobile phones, PDAs and laptop computers. Built-in cameras generally store the images in JPEG file format.
Mobile phones incorporating digital cameras were introduced in Japan in 2001 by J-Phone. In 2003 [[camera phone]]s outsold stand-alone digital cameras, and in 2006 they outsold film and digital stand-alone cameras. Five billion camera phones were sold in five years, and by 2007 more than half of the [[installed base]] of all mobile phones were camera phones. Sales of separate cameras peaked in 2008.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/15/technology/15iht-navigate.html Kevin J. O'Brien, New York Times, 2010 Nov 15] Smartphone Sales Taking Toll on G.P.S. Devices</ref>
[[File:Sale of smartphones and cameras.png|thumb|upright=1.1|alt=Chart of sale of smartphones (with built-in cameras) compared to digital cameras 2009-2013 showing smartphone sale soaring while camera sale is stagnating|Sale of smartphones compared to digital cameras 2009-2013]]
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