Assam: Difference between revisions

the modern district of Kamrup permanently under their sway. It was towards the close of their reign that modern Kamrup came within the compass of the Shan rule.</ref> for nearly 600 years (1228–1826 AD) and the Koch, a [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burmese]], established sovereignty in c. 1510 AD. The Koch kingdom in western Assam and present North Bengal was at its zenith in the early reign of Naranarayana (c. 1540–1587 AD). It split into two in c. 1581 AD, the western part as a [[Moghul]] vassal and the eastern as an Ahom satellite state. Since c. 13th AD, the nerve centre of Ahom polity was upper Assam; the kingdom was gradually extended till [[Karatoya River]] in the c. 17th–18th AD. It was at its zenith during the reign of Sukhrungpha or Sworgodeu Rudra Simha (c. 1696–1714 AD). Among other dynasties, the [[Sutiya Kingdom]] ruled north-eastern Assam and parts of present Arunachal Pradesh and the [[Kachari Kingdom|Kacharis]] ruled from Dikhow River to central and southern Assam. With expansion of Ahom kingdom, by c. 1520 AD the Sutiyas areas were annexed and since c. 1536 AD Kacharis remained only in [[Cachar]] and [[North Cachar]] more as an Ahom ally then a competing force. Despite numerous invasions, mostly by the Muslim rulers, no western power ruled Assam until the arrival of the British. Though the [[Mughal empire|Mughals]] made seventeen attempts to invade they were not successful. The most successful invader [[Mir Jumla II|Mir Jumla]], a governor of [[Aurangzeb]], briefly occupied [[Garhgaon]] (c. 1662–63 AD), the then capital, but found it difficult to control people making [[guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] attacks on his forces, forcing them to leave. The decisive victory of the Assamese led by the great general [[Lachit Borphukan]] on the Mughals, then under command of Raja Ram Singha at [[Saraighat]] (1671) had almost ended Mughal ambitions in this region. Mughals were finally expelled from Lower Assam during the reign of [[Supaatphaa|Gadadhar Singha]] in 1682 AD.

 

[[File:Bengal gazetteer 1907-9.jpg|thumb|150px|<center>Map of Assam during 1907-1909</center>]]

[[File:British Indian Empire 1909 Imperial Gazetteer of India.jpg|thumb|150px|<center>A map of the [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]] in 1909 during the partition of Bengal (1905–1911), showing British India in two shades of pink ([[Coral pink|coral]] and pale) and the [[princely state]]s in yellow. The ''Assam Province'' (initially as the Province of Eastern Bengal and Assam) can be seen towards the north-eastern side of India.<center>]]

In 1947, Assam including the present Arunachal Pradesh, [[Nagaland]], [[Mizoram]] and [[Meghalaya]] became a state of the Union of India (princely states, Manipur and Tripura became Group C provinces) and a district of Assam, [[Sylhet]], chose to join Pakistan.

 

 

[[File:Assam in 1950s.png|thumb|22em|<center>Assam till 1950s; The new states of Nagaland, Meghalaya and Mizoram formed in the 1960-70s. From Shillong, the capital of Assam was shifted to Dispur, now a part of Guwahati. After the Indo-China war in 1962, Arunachal Pradesh was also separated out.<center>]]