Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Vehicle widely regarded as the first modern automobile}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Benz Patent-Motorwagen
| image = 1885Benz.jpg
| caption = Benz Patent-Motorwagen Nr. 1
| manufacturer = [[Benz & Cie.|Rheinische Gasmotorenfabrik Benz & Cie.]]<br />(known today as [[Mercedes-Benz Group|Mercedes-Benz]])
| production = {{start date and age|1886}}–1893
| engine = 1.0L (954cc) single cylinder engine {{2/3}}hp ([[Ligroin]] fuel)
| successor = [[Benz Velo]]
}}
The '''Benz Patent-Motorwagen''' ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885 by the German [[Karl Benz]], is widely regarded as the first practical modern [[automobile]]<ref name="Parissien">{{Cite book |last=Parissien |first=Steven |url=http://archive.org/details/lifeofautomobile0000pari_v0r8 |title=The life of the automobile : the complete history of the motor car |date=2014 |publisher=New York, N.Y. : Thomas Dunne Books, St. Martin's Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-250-04063-3 |pages=2–5}}</ref>{{efn|Before [[Karl Benz]] patented his Motorwagen in January 1886, several inventors were working on [[Steam car|automobiles powered by steam engines]]; in 1769, [[Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot]] built the first steam-propelled vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nicolas-Joseph-Cugnot |access-date=22 October 2022 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> During the 1870s, [[Amédée Bollée|Bollée]] created several steam vehicles which could carry passengers for road trips.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lavergne |first=Gérard |title=The Automobile: Its Construction and Management |publisher=Cassell |year=1902 |pages=17}}</ref> Steam cars have, however, been characterized by various authors as "distinctly uncommercial",<ref name="Parissien" /> "unsafe",<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frey |first=Carl Benedikt |title=The Technology Trap: Capital, Labor, and Power in the Age of Automation |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2020 |isbn=9780691210797 |pages=166}}</ref> and "difficult to manage".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bailey |first=Diane |title=How the Automobile Changed History |publisher=ABDO |year=2015 |isbn=9781629697666 |pages=28}}</ref> According to automotive historian [[G. N. Georgano]], the stationary [[Otto engine]] helped make the invention of the Benz Motorwagen possible, which he labelled as "the first motorcar" due to its commercial production.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Georgano |first=G. N. |title=Cars, 1886–1930 |publisher=Beekman House |year=1985 |isbn=9780517480731 |pages=9, 16}}</ref> The company [[Mercedes-Benz]] also acknowledge there were forerunners to the Motorwagen, but also state that Benz was the first to develop "a 'horseless carriage' into a product for everyday use, which he then brought to market and as a result made his idea useful for the entire world".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forerunners to the automobile |url=https://group.mercedes-benz.com/company/tradition/company-history/forerunners-to-the-automobile.html |access-date=22 October 2022 |publisher=Mercedes-Benz Group}}</ref>}} and was the first car put into production.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dpma.de/service/klassifikationen/ipc/ipcprojekt/einekurzegeschichtedesautomobils/geburtstagdesautos/index.html |title=Der Streit um den "Geburtstag" des modernen Automobils |language=de |trans-title=The fight over the birth of the modern automobile |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2014-12-22 |publisher=German Patent and Trade Mark Office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102082130/https://www.dpma.de/service/klassifikationen/ipc/ipcprojekt/einekurzegeschichtedesautomobils/geburtstagdesautos/index.html |archive-date=2017-01-02 |access-date=<!--Not stated--> }}</ref> It was patented in January 1886 and unveiled in public later that year. The original cost of the vehicle was 600 [[German gold mark|imperial German marks]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Neil|first=Dan|date=2006-06-21|title=Before the Rumble Seat|language=en-US|website=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/news/la-hy-125mbz21jun21-story.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> approximately 150 US dollars ({{Inflation|US|150|1885|fmt=eq|r=-2}}).
Two years after Karl Benz drove the car in public in July 1886,<ref name="edn.com">[https://www.edn.com/karl-benz-drives-the-first-automobile-july-3-1886/ Karl Benz drives the first automobile 3 July 1886] edn.com</ref> Karl's wife [[Bertha Benz|Bertha]] demonstrated its feasibility in a trip from [[Mannheim]] to [[Pforzheim]] in August 1888. Around the same time, the Patent-Motorwagen became the first commercially available automobile in history.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://scihi.org/carl-benz-automobile/ | title=Carl Benz and the Invention of the Automobile | date=29 January 2018 }}</ref> Émile Roger, who made Benz engines under license in France, was one of the first persons to buy Benz' car; from 1888, Roger was also the salesperson of the Benz Patent-Motorwagen in France, selling one to [[Émile Levassor]] in 1888.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hendrickson |first=Kenneth E. |title=The Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in World History |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |year=2014 |isbn=9780810888883 |volume=3rd |pages=88}}</ref><ref name=Rauck1986>{{Cite magazine |last=Rauck |first=Max |date=1986 |title=Das 1. Auto ist 100 |trans-title=The first car is 100 years old |language=de |magazine=Kultur & Technik |publisher=Deutsches Museum |page=70}}</ref> The Patent-Motorwagen was shown at an exhibition in [[Munich]] in 1888, winning a gold medal, and at the [[1889 Paris Exposition]].<ref name=Rauck1986 />
Due to the creation of the Patent-Motorwagen, Karl Benz has been hailed as the father and inventor of the automobile.<ref name="Parissien" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=von Fersen |first=Olaf |title=Ein Jahrhundert Automobiltechnik: Personenwagen |publisher=Springer-Verlag |year=2013 |isbn=9783642957727 |pages=10 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Derry |first=Thomas Kingston |title=A Short History of Technology from the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900 |last2=Williams |first2=Trevor Illtyd |publisher=Courier Corporation |year=1960 |isbn=9780486274720 |pages=393}}</ref>
==Development, specifications and Karl Benz's first drive==
[[File:Patent-Motorwagen Nr.1 Benz 2.jpg|thumb|Benz Patent-Motorwagen Nr. 1 used in Karl Benz's first trip on 3 July 1886]]
[[File: Motorwagen Serienversion.jpg|thumb|The Benz Patent-Motorwagen Nr. 3 of 1888, used by [[Bertha Benz]] for the first long-distance journey by automobile (106 km (66 mi) long)]]
After developing a successful [[gasoline]]-powered [[two-stroke]] [[piston engine]] in 1873, Benz focused on developing a motorized vehicle while maintaining a career as a designer and manufacturer of stationary engines and their associated parts.
The Benz Patent-Motorwagen was a [[motor tricycle]] with a rear-mounted engine. The vehicle contained many new inventions. It was constructed of steel tubing with woodwork panels. The steel-spoked wheels and solid rubber tires were Benz's own design. Steering was by way of a [[rack and pinion|toothed rack]] that pivoted the unsprung front wheel. Fully elliptic [[spring (device)|springs]] were used at the back along with a [[beam axle]] and [[chain drive]] on both sides. A simple belt system served as a single-speed [[transmission (mechanics)|transmission]], varying torque between an open disc and drive disc.
The first Motorwagen used the Benz {{cvt|954|cc|cuin}} single-cylinder [[four-stroke]] engine with [[trembler coil]] ignition.<ref name="Daimler">{{cite web |url=http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-1322446-1-1323352-1-0-0-1322455-0-0-135-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html |title=The birth of the automobile |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=[[Daimler AG]] |access-date=1 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121032810/http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-1322446-1-1323352-1-0-0-1322455-0-0-135-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This new engine produced {{Convert|2/3|hp|W|disp=flip}} at 250 rpm in the Patent-Motorwagen, although later tests by the [[University of Mannheim]] showed it to be capable of {{Convert|0.9|hp|W|disp=flip|abbr=on}} at 400 rpm. It was an extremely light engine for the time, weighing about {{Convert|100|kg|abbr=on}}. Although its open crankcase and drip oiling system would be alien to a modern mechanic, its use of a [[pushrod engine|pushrod]]-operated [[poppet valve]] for exhaust would be quite familiar. A large horizontal [[flywheel]] stabilized the single-cylinder engine's power output. An evaporative [[carburettor]] was controlled by a [[sleeve valve]] to regulate power and engine speed. The first model of the Motorwagen had not been built with a carburettor, rather a basin of fuel soaked fibers that supplied fuel to the cylinder by evaporation.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
The vehicle was awarded the German [[patent]] number 37435, for which Karl Benz applied on 29 January 1886. Following official procedures, the date of the application became the patent date for the invention once the patent was granted, which occurred in November of that year. Benz unveiled his invention to the public on 3 July 1886, on the Ringstrasse in Mannheim. For the first time Karl Benz publicly drove the car on July 3, 1886, in [[Mannheim]] at a top speed of 16 km/h (10 mph).<ref name="edn.com"/>
Benz later made more models of the Motorwagen: model number 2 had {{convert|1.1|kW|abbr=on}} engine, and model number 3 had {{Convert|2|hp|disp=flip|abbr=on}} engine, allowing the vehicle to reach a maximum speed of approximately {{convert|10|mi/h|disp=flip|abbr=on}}. The chassis was improved in 1887 with the introduction of wooden-spoke wheels, a fuel tank, and a manual [[drum brake|leather shoe brake]] on the rear wheels.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
About 25 Patent-Motorwagen were built between 1886 and 1893.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
==Bertha Benz's trip==
{{Main|Bertha Benz#First cross-country automobile journey}}
[[Bertha Benz]], Karl's wife, whose dowry was said to have made a portion of contribution to finance the development of the Patent-Motorwagen,<ref>"Frauen in der Geschichte des Rechts – Von der Frühen Neuzeit bis zum Gegenwart", Ute Gerhard e.a., Beck'se Verlagsbuchhandlung, München 1997, {{ISBN|3-406-42866-5}}, p. 464</ref> was aware of the need for publicity. She took the Patent-Motorwagen No. 3 and drove it on the first long-distance internal combustion automobile road trip to demonstrate its feasibility. That trip occurred in early August 1888, when she took her sons Eugen and Richard, fifteen and fourteen years old, respectively, on a ride from Mannheim through [[Heidelberg]], and [[Wiesloch]], to her maternal hometown of Pforzheim.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHIFE4vOeEo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/yHIFE4vOeEo |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|title=Making of 'Carl & Bertha' (Film)|last=MercedesForum|date=8 May 2011|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
[[File:Berthabenzmemorialrouteschild.jpg|thumb|Official signpost of Bertha Benz Memorial Route]]
In Germany, a parade of antique automobiles celebrates this historic trip of Bertha Benz every two years. On February 25, 2008, the [[Bertha Benz Memorial Route]],<ref>[http://www.bertha-benz.de/indexen.php?inhalt=home Bertha Benz Memorial Route] (German-government-approved non-profit official site)</ref> following the route of Benz's journey, was officially approved as a Tourist or Scenic Route by the German authorities as a route of industrial heritage of mankind. The {{convert|194|km|abbr=on}} of signposted route leads from Mannheim via Heidelberg to Pforzheim ([[Black Forest]]) and back.
==In media==
[[File:First Car Replica IAA 2007 1 crop.jpg|thumb|Working replica of the 1885 Benz Motorwagen in Frankfurt, 2007]]
The car can be driven in the video game ''[[Gran Turismo 4]]'' and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] video game ''Driving Legends: The Car Story''. It was also driven by [[Sherlock Holmes]]'s sister Enola in the film ''[[Enola Holmes (film)|Enola Holmes]]''.
==See also==
*[[History of the automobile]]
*[[Benz Velo]] (later 4 wheel model)
*[[List of Mercedes-Benz vehicles]] (incl. summary of Benz vehicles)
*[[List of motorcycles of the 1890s]]
*[[List of motorized trikes]]
*[[Three-wheeler]]
{{clear left}}
== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Benz Patent Motorwagen}}
* [[:File:Patentschrift 37435 Benz Patent-Motorwagen.pdf|Patent 37435, by Karl Benz for his 1885 Motorwagon]] The birth certificate of the automobile – the German patent application of January 29, 1886, that was granted on November 2, 1886, to Benz & Company in Mannheim
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110202214814/http://www.automuseum-dr-carl-benz.de/ Automuseum Dr. Carl Benz, Ladenburg (Heidelberg)]
* [http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi2402.htm John H. Lienhard on Bertha Benz's ride]
{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Fastest production car|Fastest street-legal production car]]|before= none |after= [[Daimler Motorized Carriage]] |years= {{convert|19|km/h|mi/h|2|abbr=on}} }}
{{S-end}}
{{Benz}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Benz vehicles|Patent-Motorwagen]]
[[Category:First car made by manufacturer]]
[[Category:Three-wheeled motor vehicles]]
[[Category:1880s cars]]
[[Category:1890s cars]]
[[Category:German inventions]]
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1886]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1886]]
[[Category:1886 in Germany]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Vehicle widely regarded as the first modern automobile}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Benz Patent-Motorwagen
| image = 1885Benz.jpg
| caption = Benz Patent-Motorwagen Nr. 1
| manufacturer = [[Benz & Cie.|Rheinische Gasmotorenfabrik Benz & Cie.]]<br />(known today as [[Mercedes-Benz Group|Mercedes-Benz]])
| production = {{start date and age|1886}}–1893
| engine = 1.0L (954cc) single cylinder engine {{2/3}}hp ([[Ligroin]] fuel)
| successor = [[Benz Velo]]
}}
The '''Benz Patent-Motorwagen''' ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885 by the German [[Karl Benz]], is widely regarded as the first practical modern [[automobile]]<ref name="Parissien">{{Cite book |last=Parissien |first=Steven |url=http://archive.org/details/lifeofautomobile0000pari_v0r8 |title=The life of the automobile : the complete history of the motor car |date=2014 |publisher=New York, N.Y. : Thomas Dunne Books, St. Martin's Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-1-250-04063-3 |pages=2–5}}</ref>{{efn|Before [[Karl Benz]] patented his Motorwagen in January 1886, several inventors were working on [[Steam car|automobiles powered by steam engines]]; in 1769, [[Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot]] built the first steam-propelled vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nicolas-Joseph-Cugnot |access-date=22 October 2022 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> During the 1870s, [[Amédée Bollée|Bollée]] created several steam vehicles which could carry passengers for road trips.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lavergne |first=Gérard |title=The Automobile: Its Construction and Management |publisher=Cassell |year=1902 |pages=17}}</ref> Steam cars have, however, been characterized by various authors as "distinctly uncommercial",<ref name="Parissien" /> "unsafe",<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frey |first=Carl Benedikt |title=The Technology Trap: Capital, Labor, and Power in the Age of Automation |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2020 |isbn=9780691210797 |pages=166}}</ref> and "difficult to manage".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bailey |first=Diane |title=How the Automobile Changed History |publisher=ABDO |year=2015 |isbn=9781629697666 |pages=28}}</ref> According to automotive historian [[G. N. Georgano]], the stationary [[Otto engine]] helped make the invention of the Benz Motorwagen possible, which he labelled as "the first motorcar" due to its commercial production.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Georgano |first=G. N. |title=Cars, 1886–1930 |publisher=Beekman House |year=1985 |isbn=9780517480731 |pages=9, 16}}</ref> The company [[Mercedes-Benz]] also acknowledge there were forerunners to the Motorwagen, but also state that Benz was the first to develop "a 'horseless carriage' into a product for everyday use, which he then brought to market and as a result made his idea useful for the entire world".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forerunners to the automobile |url=https://group.mercedes-benz.com/company/tradition/company-history/forerunners-to-the-automobile.html |access-date=22 October 2022 |publisher=Mercedes-Benz Group}}</ref>}} and was the first car put into production.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dpma.de/service/klassifikationen/ipc/ipcprojekt/einekurzegeschichtedesautomobils/geburtstagdesautos/index.html |title=Der Streit um den "Geburtstag" des modernen Automobils |language=de |trans-title=The fight over the birth of the modern automobile |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2014-12-22 |publisher=German Patent and Trade Mark Office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102082130/https://www.dpma.de/service/klassifikationen/ipc/ipcprojekt/einekurzegeschichtedesautomobils/geburtstagdesautos/index.html |archive-date=2017-01-02 |access-date=<!--Not stated--> }}</ref> It was patented in January 1886 and unveiled in public later that year. The original cost of the vehicle was 600 [[German gold mark|imperial German marks]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Neil|first=Dan|date=2006-06-21|title=Before the Rumble Seat|language=en-US|website=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/news/la-hy-125mbz21jun21-story.html|url-access=subscription|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> approximately 150 US dollars ({{Inflation|US|150|1885|fmt=eq|r=-2}}).
Two years after Karl Benz drove the car in public in July 1886,<ref name="edn.com">[https://www.edn.com/karl-benz-drives-the-first-automobile-july-3-1886/ Karl Benz drives the first automobile 3 July 1886] edn.com</ref> Karl's wife [[Bertha Benz|Bertha]] demonstrated its feasibility in a trip from [[Mannheim]] to [[Pforzheim]] in August 1888. Around the same time, the Patent-Motorwagen became the first commercially available automobile in history.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://scihi.org/carl-benz-automobile/ | title=Carl Benz and the Invention of the Automobile | date=29 January 2018 }}</ref> Émile Roger, who made Benz engines under license in France, was one of the first persons to buy Benz' car; from 1888, Roger was also the salesperson of the Benz Patent-Motorwagen in France, selling one to [[Émile Levassor]] in 1888.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hendrickson |first=Kenneth E. |title=The Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in World History |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |year=2014 |isbn=9780810888883 |volume=3rd |pages=88}}</ref><ref name=Rauck1986>{{Cite magazine |last=Rauck |first=Max |date=1986 |title=Das 1. Auto ist 100 |trans-title=The first car is 100 years old |language=de |magazine=Kultur & Technik |publisher=Deutsches Museum |page=70}}</ref> The Patent-Motorwagen was shown at an exhibition in [[Munich]] in 1888, winning a gold medal, and at the [[1889 Paris Exposition]].<ref name=Rauck1986 />
Due to the creation of the Patent-Motorwagen, Karl Benz has been hailed as the father and inventor of the automobile.<ref name="Parissien" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=von Fersen |first=Olaf |title=Ein Jahrhundert Automobiltechnik: Personenwagen |publisher=Springer-Verlag |year=2013 |isbn=9783642957727 |pages=10 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Derry |first=Thomas Kingston |title=A Short History of Technology from the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900 |last2=Williams |first2=Trevor Illtyd |publisher=Courier Corporation |year=1960 |isbn=9780486274720 |pages=393}}</ref>
==Development, specifications and Karl Benz's first drive==
[[File:Patent-Motorwagen Nr.1 Benz 2.jpg|thumb|Benz Patent-Motorwagen Nr. 1 used in Karl Benz's first trip on 3 July 1886]]
[[File: Motorwagen Serienversion.jpg|thumb|The Benz Patent-Motorwagen Nr. 3 of 1888, used by [[Bertha Benz]] for the first long-distance journey by automobile (106 km (66 mi) long)]]
After developing a successful [[gasoline]]-powered [[two-stroke]] [[piston engine]] in 1873, Benz focused on developing a motorized vehicle while maintaining a career as a designer and manufacturer of stationary engines and their associated parts.
The Benz Patent-Motorwagen was a [[motor tricycle]] with a rear-mounted engine. The vehicle contained many new inventions. It was constructed of steel tubing with woodwork panels. The steel-spoked wheels and solid rubber tires were Benz's own design. Steering was by way of a [[rack and pinion|toothed rack]] that pivoted the unsprung front wheel. Fully elliptic [[spring (device)|springs]] were used at the back along with a [[beam axle]] and [[chain drive]] on both sides. A simple belt system served as a single-speed [[transmission (mechanics)|transmission]], varying torque between an open disc and drive disc.
The first Motorwagen used the Benz {{cvt|954|cc|cuin}} single-cylinder [[four-stroke]] engine with [[trembler coil]] ignition.<ref name="Daimler">{{cite web |url=http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-1322446-1-1323352-1-0-0-1322455-0-0-135-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html |title=The birth of the automobile |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=[[Daimler AG]] |access-date=1 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121032810/http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-1322446-1-1323352-1-0-0-1322455-0-0-135-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This new engine produced {{Convert|2/3|hp|W|disp=flip}} at 250 rpm in the Patent-Motorwagen, although later tests by the [[University of Mannheim]] showed it to be capable of {{Convert|0.9|hp|W|disp=flip|abbr=on}} at 400 rpm. It was an extremely light engine for the time, weighing about {{Convert|100|kg|abbr=on}}. Although its open crankcase and drip oiling system would be alien to a modern mechanic, its use of a [[pushrod engine|pushrod]]-operated [[poppet valve]] for exhaust would be quite familiar. A large horizontal [[flywheel]] stabilized the single-cylinder engine's power output. An evaporative [[carburettor]] was controlled by a [[sleeve valve]] to regulate power and engine speed. The first model of the Motorwagen had not been built with a carburettor, rather a basin of fuel soaked fibers that supplied fuel to the cylinder by evaporation.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
The vehicle was awarded the German [[patent]] number 37435, for which Karl Benz applied on 29 January 1886. Following official procedures, the date of the application became the patent date for the invention once the patent was granted, which occurred in November of that year. Benz unveiled his invention to the public on 3 July 1886, on the Ringstrasse in Mannheim. For the first time Karl Benz publicly drove the car on July 3, 1886, in [[Mannheim]] at a top speed of 16 km/h (10 mph).<ref name="edn.com"/>
Benz later made more models of the Motorwagen: model number 2 had {{convert|1.1|kW|abbr=on}} engine, and model number 3 had {{Convert|2|hp|disp=flip|abbr=on}} engine, allowing the vehicle to reach a maximum speed of approximately {{convert|10|mi/h|disp=flip|abbr=on}}. The chassis was improved in 1887 with the introduction of wooden-spoke wheels, a fuel tank, and a manual [[drum brake|leather shoe brake]] on the rear wheels.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
About 25 Patent-Motorwagen were built between 1886 and 1893.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
==Bertha Benz's trip==
{{Main|Bertha Benz#First cross-country automobile journey}}
[[Bertha Benz]], Karl's wife, whose dowry was said to have made a portion of contribution to finance the development of the Patent-Motorwagen,<ref>"Frauen in der Geschichte des Rechts – Von der Frühen Neuzeit bis zum Gegenwart", Ute Gerhard e.a., Beck'se Verlagsbuchhandlung, München 1997, {{ISBN|3-406-42866-5}}, p. 464</ref> was aware of the need for publicity. She took the Patent-Motorwagen No. 3 and drove it on the first long-distance internal combustion automobile road trip to demonstrate its feasibility. That trip occurred in early August 1888, when she took her sons Eugen and Richard, fifteen and fourteen years old, respectively, on a ride from Mannheim through [[Heidelberg]], and [[Wiesloch]], to her maternal hometown of Pforzheim.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHIFE4vOeEo |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/yHIFE4vOeEo |archive-date=2021-12-14 |url-status=live|title=Making of 'Carl & Bertha' (Film)|last=MercedesForum|date=8 May 2011|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
[[File:Berthabenzmemorialrouteschild.jpg|thumb|Official signpost of Bertha Benz Memorial Route]]
In Germany, a parade of antique automobiles celebrates this historic poo
of Bertha Benz every two years. On February 25, 2008, the [[Bertha Benz Memorial Route]],<ref>[http://www.bertha-benz.de/indexen.php?inhalt=home Bertha Benz Memorial Route] (German-government-approved non-profit official site)</ref> following the route of Benz's journey, was officially approved as a Tourist or Scenic Route by the German authorities as a route of industrial heritage of mankind. The {{convert|194|km|abbr=on}} of signposted route leads from Mannheim via Heidelberg to Pforzheim ([[Black Forest]]) and back.
==In media==
[[File:First Car Replica IAA 2007 1 crop.jpg|thumb|Working replica of the 1885 Benz Motorwagen in Frankfurt, 2007]]
The car can be driven in the video game ''[[Gran Turismo 4]]'' and [[Android (operating system)|Android]] video game ''Driving Legends: The Car Story''. It was also driven by [[Sherlock Holmes]]'s sister Enola in the film ''[[Enola Holmes (film)|Enola Holmes]]''.
==See also==
*[[History of the automobile]]
*[[Benz Velo]] (later 4 wheel model)
*[[List of Mercedes-Benz vehicles]] (incl. summary of Benz vehicles)
*[[List of motorcycles of the 1890s]]
*[[List of motorized trikes]]
*[[Three-wheeler]]
{{clear left}}
== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Benz Patent Motorwagen}}
* [[:File:Patentschrift 37435 Benz Patent-Motorwagen.pdf|Patent 37435, by Karl Benz for his 1885 Motorwagon]] The birth certificate of the automobile – the German patent application of January 29, 1886, that was granted on November 2, 1886, to Benz & Company in Mannheim
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110202214814/http://www.automuseum-dr-carl-benz.de/ Automuseum Dr. Carl Benz, Ladenburg (Heidelberg)]
* [http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi2402.htm John H. Lienhard on Bertha Benz's ride]
{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Fastest production car|Fastest street-legal production car]]|before= none |after= [[Daimler Motorized Carriage]] |years= {{convert|19|km/h|mi/h|2|abbr=on}} }}
{{S-end}}
{{Benz}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Benz vehicles|Patent-Motorwagen]]
[[Category:First car made by manufacturer]]
[[Category:Three-wheeled motor vehicles]]
[[Category:1880s cars]]
[[Category:1890s cars]]
[[Category:German inventions]]
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1886]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1886]]
[[Category:1886 in Germany]]' |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Vehicle widely regarded as the first modern automobile</div>
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Motor vehicle</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1218072481">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C0C0C0; padding:0.25em 1em; text-align:center;">Benz Patent-Motorwagen</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1885Benz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1885Benz.jpg/280px-1885Benz.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1885Benz.jpg/420px-1885Benz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/1885Benz.jpg/560px-1885Benz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Benz Patent-Motorwagen Nr. 1</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benz_%26_Cie." class="mw-redirect" title="Benz & Cie.">Rheinische Gasmotorenfabrik Benz & Cie.</a><br />(known today as <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production</th><td class="infobox-data">1886<span class="noprint">; 138 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1886</span>)</span>–1893</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Powertrain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">Engine</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.0L (954cc) single cylinder engine <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span>hp (<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligroin" title="Ligroin">Ligroin</a> fuel)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Chronology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benz_Velo" title="Benz Velo">Benz Velo</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>Benz Patent-Motorwagen</b> ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885 by the German <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Benz" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Benz">Karl Benz</a>, is widely regarded as the first practical modern <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobile</a><sup id="cite_ref-Parissien_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parissien-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[a]</a></sup> and was the first car put into production.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a></sup> It was patented in January 1886 and unveiled in public later that year. The original cost of the vehicle was 600 <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_gold_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="German gold mark">imperial German marks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a></sup> approximately 150 US dollars (equivalent to $5,100 in 2023).
</p><p>Two years after Karl Benz drove the car in public in July 1886,<sup id="cite_ref-edn.com_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edn.com-11">[10]</a></sup> Karl's wife <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_Benz" title="Bertha Benz">Bertha</a> demonstrated its feasibility in a trip from <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a> to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a> in August 1888. Around the same time, the Patent-Motorwagen became the first commercially available automobile in history.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a></sup> Émile Roger, who made Benz engines under license in France, was one of the first persons to buy Benz' car; from 1888, Roger was also the salesperson of the Benz Patent-Motorwagen in France, selling one to <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Levassor" title="Émile Levassor">Émile Levassor</a> in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rauck1986_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rauck1986-14">[13]</a></sup> The Patent-Motorwagen was shown at an exhibition in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> in 1888, winning a gold medal, and at the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889_Paris_Exposition" class="mw-redirect" title="1889 Paris Exposition">1889 Paris Exposition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rauck1986_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rauck1986-14">[13]</a></sup>
</p><p>Due to the creation of the Patent-Motorwagen, Karl Benz has been hailed as the father and inventor of the automobile.<sup id="cite_ref-Parissien_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parissien-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Development,_specifications_and_Karl_Benz's_first_drive"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Development, specifications and Karl Benz's first drive</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Bertha_Benz's_trip"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Bertha Benz's trip</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#In_media"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">In media</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span id="Development.2C_specifications_and_Karl_Benz.27s_first_drive"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Development,_specifications_and_Karl_Benz's_first_drive">Development, specifications and Karl Benz's first drive</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benz_Patent-Motorwagen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development, specifications and Karl Benz's first drive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Patent-Motorwagen_Nr.1_Benz_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Patent-Motorwagen_Nr.1_Benz_2.jpg/220px-Patent-Motorwagen_Nr.1_Benz_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Patent-Motorwagen_Nr.1_Benz_2.jpg/330px-Patent-Motorwagen_Nr.1_Benz_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Patent-Motorwagen_Nr.1_Benz_2.jpg/440px-Patent-Motorwagen_Nr.1_Benz_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1491" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption>Benz Patent-Motorwagen Nr. 1 used in Karl Benz's first trip on 3 July 1886</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Motorwagen_Serienversion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Motorwagen_Serienversion.jpg/220px-Motorwagen_Serienversion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Motorwagen_Serienversion.jpg/330px-Motorwagen_Serienversion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Motorwagen_Serienversion.jpg/440px-Motorwagen_Serienversion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="659" /></a><figcaption>The Benz Patent-Motorwagen Nr. 3 of 1888, used by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_Benz" title="Bertha Benz">Bertha Benz</a> for the first long-distance journey by automobile (106 km (66 mi) long)</figcaption></figure>
<p>After developing a successful <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a>-powered <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-stroke">two-stroke</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Piston engine">piston engine</a> in 1873, Benz focused on developing a motorized vehicle while maintaining a career as a designer and manufacturer of stationary engines and their associated parts.
</p><p>The Benz Patent-Motorwagen was a <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_tricycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor tricycle">motor tricycle</a> with a rear-mounted engine. The vehicle contained many new inventions. It was constructed of steel tubing with woodwork panels. The steel-spoked wheels and solid rubber tires were Benz's own design. Steering was by way of a <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rack_and_pinion" title="Rack and pinion">toothed rack</a> that pivoted the unsprung front wheel. Fully elliptic <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(device)" title="Spring (device)">springs</a> were used at the back along with a <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_axle" title="Beam axle">beam axle</a> and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_drive" title="Chain drive">chain drive</a> on both sides. A simple belt system served as a single-speed <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (mechanics)">transmission</a>, varying torque between an open disc and drive disc.
</p><p>The first Motorwagen used the Benz 954 cc (58.2 cu in) single-cylinder <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-stroke">four-stroke</a> engine with <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trembler_coil" title="Trembler coil">trembler coil</a> ignition.<sup id="cite_ref-Daimler_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daimler-17">[16]</a></sup> This new engine produced <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">500 watts (<span class="frac"><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> hp) at 250 rpm in the Patent-Motorwagen, although later tests by the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Mannheim" title="University of Mannheim">University of Mannheim</a> showed it to be capable of 670 W (0.9 hp) at 400 rpm. It was an extremely light engine for the time, weighing about 100 kg (220 lb). Although its open crankcase and drip oiling system would be alien to a modern mechanic, its use of a <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushrod_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushrod engine">pushrod</a>-operated <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poppet_valve" title="Poppet valve">poppet valve</a> for exhaust would be quite familiar. A large horizontal <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flywheel" title="Flywheel">flywheel</a> stabilized the single-cylinder engine's power output. An evaporative <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carburettor" class="mw-redirect" title="Carburettor">carburettor</a> was controlled by a <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeve_valve" title="Sleeve valve">sleeve valve</a> to regulate power and engine speed. The first model of the Motorwagen had not been built with a carburettor, rather a basin of fuel soaked fibers that supplied fuel to the cylinder by evaporation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>The vehicle was awarded the German <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> number 37435, for which Karl Benz applied on 29 January 1886. Following official procedures, the date of the application became the patent date for the invention once the patent was granted, which occurred in November of that year. Benz unveiled his invention to the public on 3 July 1886, on the Ringstrasse in Mannheim. For the first time Karl Benz publicly drove the car on July 3, 1886, in <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a> at a top speed of 16 km/h (10 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-edn.com_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edn.com-11">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>Benz later made more models of the Motorwagen: model number 2 had 1.1 kW (1.5 hp) engine, and model number 3 had 1.5 kW (2 hp) engine, allowing the vehicle to reach a maximum speed of approximately 16 km/h (10 mph). The chassis was improved in 1887 with the introduction of wooden-spoke wheels, a fuel tank, and a manual <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_brake" title="Drum brake">leather shoe brake</a> on the rear wheels.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>About 25 Patent-Motorwagen were built between 1886 and 1893.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h2><span id="Bertha_Benz.27s_trip"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Bertha_Benz's_trip">Bertha Benz's trip</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benz_Patent-Motorwagen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bertha Benz's trip"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_Benz#First_cross-country_automobile_journey" title="Bertha Benz">Bertha Benz § First cross-country automobile journey</a></div>
<p><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_Benz" title="Bertha Benz">Bertha Benz</a>, Karl's wife, whose dowry was said to have made a portion of contribution to finance the development of the Patent-Motorwagen,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></sup> was aware of the need for publicity. She took the Patent-Motorwagen No. 3 and drove it on the first long-distance internal combustion automobile road trip to demonstrate its feasibility. That trip occurred in early August 1888, when she took her sons Eugen and Richard, fifteen and fourteen years old, respectively, on a ride from Mannheim through <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiesloch" title="Wiesloch">Wiesloch</a>, to her maternal hometown of Pforzheim.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a></sup>
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Berthabenzmemorialrouteschild.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Berthabenzmemorialrouteschild.jpg/220px-Berthabenzmemorialrouteschild.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Berthabenzmemorialrouteschild.jpg/330px-Berthabenzmemorialrouteschild.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Berthabenzmemorialrouteschild.jpg/440px-Berthabenzmemorialrouteschild.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>Official signpost of Bertha Benz Memorial Route</figcaption></figure>
<p>In Germany, a parade of antique automobiles celebrates this historic poo
</p><p>of Bertha Benz every two years. On February 25, 2008, the <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_Benz_Memorial_Route" title="Bertha Benz Memorial Route">Bertha Benz Memorial Route</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a></sup> following the route of Benz's journey, was officially approved as a Tourist or Scenic Route by the German authorities as a route of industrial heritage of mankind. The 194 km (121 mi) of signposted route leads from Mannheim via Heidelberg to Pforzheim (<a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a>) and back.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="In_media">In media</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benz_Patent-Motorwagen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First_Car_Replica_IAA_2007_1_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/First_Car_Replica_IAA_2007_1_crop.jpg/220px-First_Car_Replica_IAA_2007_1_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/First_Car_Replica_IAA_2007_1_crop.jpg/330px-First_Car_Replica_IAA_2007_1_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/First_Car_Replica_IAA_2007_1_crop.jpg/440px-First_Car_Replica_IAA_2007_1_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2191" data-file-height="1621" /></a><figcaption>Working replica of the 1885 Benz Motorwagen in Frankfurt, 2007</figcaption></figure>
<p>The car can be driven in the video game <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Turismo_4" title="Gran Turismo 4">Gran Turismo 4</a></i> and <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> video game <i>Driving Legends: The Car Story</i>. It was also driven by <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a>'s sister Enola in the film <i><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enola_Holmes_(film)" title="Enola Holmes (film)">Enola Holmes</a></i>.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benz_Patent-Motorwagen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_automobile" title="History of the automobile">History of the automobile</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benz_Velo" title="Benz Velo">Benz Velo</a> (later 4 wheel model)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mercedes-Benz_vehicles" title="List of Mercedes-Benz vehicles">List of Mercedes-Benz vehicles</a> (incl. summary of Benz vehicles)</li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_motorcycles_of_the_1890s" title="List of motorcycles of the 1890s">List of motorcycles of the 1890s</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_motorized_trikes" title="List of motorized trikes">List of motorized trikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-wheeler" title="Three-wheeler">Three-wheeler</a></li></ul>
<div style="clear:left;" class=""></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benz_Patent-Motorwagen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217336898">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Before <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Benz" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Benz">Karl Benz</a> patented his Motorwagen in January 1886, several inventors were working on <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_car" title="Steam car">automobiles powered by steam engines</a>; in 1769, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas-Joseph_Cugnot" title="Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot">Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot</a> built the first steam-propelled vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> During the 1870s, <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Boll%C3%A9e" title="Amédée Bollée">Bollée</a> created several steam vehicles which could carry passengers for road trips.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> Steam cars have, however, been characterized by various authors as "distinctly uncommercial",<sup id="cite_ref-Parissien_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parissien-1">[1]</a></sup> "unsafe",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> and "difficult to manage".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> According to automotive historian <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._N._Georgano" title="G. N. Georgano">G. N. Georgano</a>, the stationary <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_engine" title="Otto engine">Otto engine</a> helped make the invention of the Benz Motorwagen possible, which he labelled as "the first motorcar" due to its commercial production.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> The company <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a> also acknowledge there were forerunners to the Motorwagen, but also state that Benz was the first to develop "a 'horseless carriage' into a product for everyday use, which he then brought to market and as a result made his idea useful for the entire world".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benz_Patent-Motorwagen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1217336898"><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFNeil2006" class="citation news cs1">Neil, Dan (2006-06-21). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/news/la-hy-125mbz21jun21-story.html">"Before the Rumble Seat"</a></span>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Before+the+Rumble+Seat&rft.date=2006-06-21&rft.aulast=Neil&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fla-hy-125mbz21jun21-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenz+Patent-Motorwagen" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-edn.com-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edn.com_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-edn.com_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edn.com/karl-benz-drives-the-first-automobile-july-3-1886/">Karl Benz drives the first automobile 3 July 1886</a> edn.com</span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scihi.org/carl-benz-automobile/">"Carl Benz and the Invention of the Automobile"</a>. 29 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carl+Benz+and+the+Invention+of+the+Automobile&rft.date=2018-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fscihi.org%2Fcarl-benz-automobile%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenz+Patent-Motorwagen" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFHendrickson2014" class="citation book cs1">Hendrickson, Kenneth E. (2014). <i>The Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in World History</i>. Vol. 3rd. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 88. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810888883" title="Special:BookSources/9780810888883"><bdi>9780810888883</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Industrial+Revolution+in+World+History&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780810888883&rft.aulast=Hendrickson&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenz+Patent-Motorwagen" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Rauck1986-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rauck1986_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rauck1986_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFRauck1986" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rauck, Max (1986). "Das 1. Auto ist 100" [The first car is 100 years old]. <i>Kultur & Technik</i> (in German). Deutsches Museum. p. 70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kultur+%26+Technik&rft.atitle=Das+1.+Auto+ist+100&rft.pages=70&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Rauck&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenz+Patent-Motorwagen" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Fersen2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">von Fersen, Olaf (2013). <i>Ein Jahrhundert Automobiltechnik: Personenwagen</i> (in German). Springer-Verlag. p. 10. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783642957727" title="Special:BookSources/9783642957727"><bdi>9783642957727</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ein+Jahrhundert+Automobiltechnik%3A+Personenwagen&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9783642957727&rft.aulast=von+Fersen&rft.aufirst=Olaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenz+Patent-Motorwagen" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFDerryWilliams1960" class="citation book cs1">Derry, Thomas Kingston; Williams, Trevor Illtyd (1960). <i>A Short History of Technology from the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900</i>. Courier Corporation. p. 393. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486274720" title="Special:BookSources/9780486274720"><bdi>9780486274720</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Technology+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+A.D.+1900&rft.pages=393&rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=9780486274720&rft.aulast=Derry&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Kingston&rft.au=Williams%2C+Trevor+Illtyd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenz+Patent-Motorwagen" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Daimler-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Daimler_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121032810/http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-1322446-1-1323352-1-0-0-1322455-0-0-135-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html">"The birth of the automobile"</a>. <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler AG">Daimler AG</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-1322446-1-1323352-1-0-0-1322455-0-0-135-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html">the original</a> on 21 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+birth+of+the+automobile&rft.pub=Daimler+AG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttp%2Fwww.daimler.com%2Fdccom%2F0-5-1322446-1-1323352-1-0-0-1322455-0-0-135-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenz+Patent-Motorwagen" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Frauen in der Geschichte des Rechts – Von der Frühen Neuzeit bis zum Gegenwart", Ute Gerhard e.a., Beck'se Verlagsbuchhandlung, München 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-406-42866-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-406-42866-5">3-406-42866-5</a>, p. 464</span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMercedesForum2011" class="citation web cs1">MercedesForum (8 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHIFE4vOeEo">"Making of 'Carl & Bertha' (Film)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211214/yHIFE4vOeEo">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-12-14 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Making+of+%27Carl+%26+Bertha%27+%28Film%29&rft.date=2011-05-08&rft.au=MercedesForum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffanyv88.com%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DyHIFE4vOeEo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenz+Patent-Motorwagen" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bertha-benz.de/indexen.php?inhalt=home">Bertha Benz Memorial Route</a> (German-government-approved non-profit official site)</span>
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</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benz_Patent-Motorwagen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Benz_Patent_Motorwagen" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Benz Patent Motorwagen">Benz Patent Motorwagen</a></span>.</div></div>
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<ul><li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Patentschrift_37435_Benz_Patent-Motorwagen.pdf" title="File:Patentschrift 37435 Benz Patent-Motorwagen.pdf">Patent 37435, by Karl Benz for his 1885 Motorwagon</a> The birth certificate of the automobile – the German patent application of January 29, 1886, that was granted on November 2, 1886, to Benz & Company in Mannheim</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110202214814/http://www.automuseum-dr-carl-benz.de/">Automuseum Dr. Carl Benz, Ladenburg (Heidelberg)</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi2402.htm">John H. Lienhard on Bertha Benz's ride</a></li></ul>
<table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;">
<tbody><tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">none</div>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastest_production_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Fastest production car">Fastest street-legal production car</a> </b><br />19 km/h (11.81 mph)
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimler_Motorized_Carriage" title="Daimler Motorized Carriage">Daimler Motorized Carriage</a></div>
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href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Benz" title="Template talk:Benz"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Benz" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Benz"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Benz_vehicles,_1886–1926_—_next_»" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Benz" title="Carl Benz">Benz</a> vehicles, 1886–1926 — <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mercedes-Benz_vehicles_before_WW2" title="Template:Mercedes-Benz vehicles before WW2"><small>next</small> »</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1886–1926</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Patent-Motorwagen</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benz_Viktoria" title="Benz Viktoria">Patent-Motorwagen Viktoria</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benz_Velo" title="Benz Velo">Patent-Motorwagen Velo</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benz_Patent-Motorwagen_Ideal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benz Patent-Motorwagen Ideal (page does not exist)">Patent-Motorwagen Ideal</a></li>
<li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benz_Dos-%C3%A0-Dos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benz Dos-à-Dos (page does not exist)">Dos-à-Dos</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blitzen_Benz" title="Blitzen Benz">Blitzen Benz</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Benz_vehicles" title="Category:Benz vehicles">Category</a></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Benz_automobiles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Benz automobiles">Commons</a></li></ul>
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<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/https/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326248#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7735437-0">Germany</a></span></li></ul>
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