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[ 0 => '{{short description|Vehicle widely regarded as the first automobile}}', 1 => '{{refimprove|date=July 2011}}', 2 => '', 3 => '{{Infobox automobile', 4 => '| name = Benz Patent-Motorwagen', 5 => '| image = 1885Benz.jpg', 6 => '| manufacturer = [[Benz & Cie.|Rheinische Gasmotorenfabrik Benz & Cie.]]<br>(known today as [[Mercedes-Benz]])', 7 => '| production = 1886–1893', 8 => '| engine = 1.0L (954cc) single cylinder engine 2/3hp', 9 => '| successor = [[Benz Velo]]', 10 => '}}', 11 => '', 12 => 'The '''Benz Patent-Motorwagen''' ("patent motorcar"), built in 1885, is widely regarded as the world's first production [[automobile]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dpma.de/service/klassifikationen/ipc/ipcprojekt/einekurzegeschichtedesautomobils/geburtstagdesautos/index.html |title=Der Streit um den "Geburtstag" des modernen Automobils |language=German |trans-title=The fight over the birth of the modern automobile |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2014-12-22 |website= |publisher=German Patent and Trade Mark Office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102082130/https://www.dpma.de/service/klassifikationen/ipc/ipcprojekt/einekurzegeschichtedesautomobils/geburtstagdesautos/index.html |archive-date=2017-01-02 |access-date=<!--Not stated--> |quote=}}</ref> that is, a vehicle designed to be propelled by an internal combustion engine. The original cost of the vehicle in 1885 was 600 [[German gold mark|imperial German marks]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Neil|first=Dan|date=2006-06-21|title=Before the Rumble Seat|language=en-US|website=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/news/la-hy-125mbz21jun21-story.html|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> approximately 150 US dollars ({{Inflation|US|150|1885|fmt=eq}}).', 13 => 'The vehicle was awarded the German [[patent]] number 37435, for which [[Karl Benz]] applied on 29 January 1886. Following official procedures, the date of the application became the patent date for the invention once the patent was granted, which occurred in November of that year. ', 14 => '', 15 => 'Benz's wife, [[Bertha Benz|Bertha]], financed the development process.<ref>"Frauen in der Geschichte des Rechts&nbsp;— Von der Frühen Neuzeit bis zum Gegenwart", Ute Gerhard e.a., Beck'se Verlagsbuchhandlung, München 1997, {{ISBN|3-406-42866-5}}, Pag 464</ref>', 16 => '', 17 => 'Benz unveiled his invention to the public on 3 July 1886, on the Ringstrasse in [[Mannheim]].', 18 => '', 19 => 'About 25 Patent-Motorwagen were built between 1886 and 1893.', 20 => '', 21 => '==Specifications==', 22 => '', 23 => '[[File:First Car Replica IAA 2007 1 crop.jpg|thumb|Working replica of the 1885 Benz Motorwagen in Frankfurt, 2007]]', 24 => 'After developing a successful gasoline-powered [[two-stroke]] [[piston engine]] in 1873, Benz focused on developing a motorized vehicle while maintaining a career as a designer and manufacturer of stationary engines and their associated parts.', 25 => '', 26 => 'The Benz Patent-Motorwagen was a three-wheeled automobile with a rear-mounted engine. The vehicle contained many new inventions. It was constructed of steel tubing with woodwork panels. The steel-spoked wheels and solid rubber tires were Benz's own design. Steering was by way of a [[rack and pinion|toothed rack]] that pivoted the unsprung front wheel. Fully elliptic [[spring (device)|springs]] were used at the back along with a [[beam axle]] and [[chain drive]] on both sides. A simple belt system served as a single-speed [[transmission (mechanics)|transmission]], varying torque between an open disc and drive disc.', 27 => '', 28 => '[[File:Patent-Motorwagen Nr.1 Benz 2.jpg|thumb|Patent-Motorwagen Benz Nr. 2]]', 29 => 'The first Motorwagen used the Benz {{cvt|954|cc|cuin}} single-cylinder [[four-stroke]] engine with [[trembler coil]] ignition.<ref name="Daimler">{{cite web |url=http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-1322446-1-1323352-1-0-0-1322455-0-0-135-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html |title=The birth of the automobile |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=[[Daimler AG]] |accessdate=1 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121032810/http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-1322446-1-1323352-1-0-0-1322455-0-0-135-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html |archive-date=21 November 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This new engine produced {{Convert|2/3|hp|W|disp=flip}} at 250&nbsp;rpm in the Patent-Motorwagen, although later tests by the [[University of Mannheim]] showed it to be capable of {{Convert|0.9|hp|W|disp=flip|abbr=on}} at 400&nbsp;rpm. It was an extremely light engine for the time, weighing about {{Convert|100|kg|abbr=on}}. Although its open crankcase and drip oiling system would be alien to a modern mechanic, its use of a [[pushrod engine|pushrod]]-operated [[poppet valve]] for exhaust would be quite familiar. A large horizontal [[flywheel]] stabilized the single-cylinder engine's power output. An evaporative [[carburettor]] was controlled by a [[sleeve valve]] to regulate power and engine speed. The first model of the Motorwagen had not been built with a carburettor, rather a basin of fuel soaked fibers that supplied fuel to the cylinder by evaporation.', 30 => '', 31 => 'Benz later made more models of the Motorwagen: model number 2 had {{convert|1.1|kW|abbr=on}} engine, and model number 3 had {{Convert|2|hp|disp=flip|abbr=on}} engine, allowing the vehicle to reach a maximum speed of approximately {{convert|10|mi/h|disp=flip|abbr=on}}. The chassis was improved in 1887 with the introduction of wooden-spoke wheels, a fuel tank, and a manual [[drum brake|leather shoe brake]] on the rear wheels.', 32 => '', 33 => '==The historic journey of Bertha Benz==', 34 => '', 35 => '[[File:Berthabenzportrait.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Bertha Benz (1849–1944)]]', 36 => '[[File: Motorwagen Serienversion.jpg|thumb|The Benz Patent-Motorwagen Nr. 3 of 1888, used by [[Bertha Benz]] for the first long-distance journey by automobile (more than 96 km or sixty miles)]] ', 37 => '', 38 => '[[Bertha Benz]], Karl's wife, whose dowry financed their enterprise, was aware of the need for publicity.', 39 => 'She took the Patent-Motorwagen No. 3 and drove it on the first long-distance internal combustion automobile road trip to demonstrate its feasibility. That trip occurred in early August 1888, when she took her sons Eugen and Richard, fifteen and fourteen years old, respectively, on a ride from Mannheim through [[Heidelberg]], and [[Wiesloch]], to her maternal hometown of [[Pforzheim]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHIFE4vOeEo|title=Making of 'Carl & Bertha' (Film)|first=|last=MercedesForum|date=8 May 2011|publisher=|via=YouTube}}</ref>', 40 => '', 41 => 'As well as being the driver, Benz acted as [[mechanic]] on the drive, cleaning the carburetor with her [[hat pin]] and using a [[Garter (stockings)|garter]] to insulate wire. She refueled at the local pharmacy in Wiesloch, taking on [[ligroin]] as fuel, making it the first [[filling station]] in history. As the brakes wore down, Benz asked a local shoemaker to nail leather on the brake blocks, thereby inventing [[brake lining]]s.{{cn|date=August 2016}} After sending a [[telegram]] to the husband of her arrival in Pforzheim, she spent the night at her mother's house and returned home three days later. The trip covered {{convert|194|km|abbr=on}} in total.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}', 42 => '', 43 => '[[File:Berthabenzmemorialrouteschild.jpg|thumb|Official signpost of Bertha Benz Memorial Route.]] In Germany, a parade of antique automobiles celebrates this historic trip of Bertha Benz every two years. On February 25, 2008, the [[Bertha Benz Memorial Route]]<ref>[http://www.bertha-benz.de/indexen.php?inhalt=home Bertha Benz Memorial Route] (German-government-approved non-profit official site)</ref>, following the route of Bertha Benz's journey, was officially approved as a Tourist or Scenic Route by the German authorities as a route of industrial heritage of mankind. The {{convert|194|km|abbr=on}} of signposted route leads from Mannheim via [[Heidelberg]] to [[Pforzheim]] ([[Black Forest]]) and back.', 44 => '', 45 => '==See also==', 46 => '*[[Benz Velo]] (later 4 wheel model)', 47 => '*[[List of Mercedes-Benz vehicles]] (incl. summary of Benz vehicles)', 48 => '*[[List of motorcycles of the 1890s]]', 49 => '*[[List of motorized trikes]]', 50 => '*[[History of the automobile]]', 51 => '*[[Three-wheeler]]', 52 => '{{clear left}}', 53 => '==References==', 54 => '{{Reflist}}', 55 => '', 56 => '==External links==', 57 => '{{Commons category|Benz Patent Motorwagen}}', 58 => '* [[:File:Patentschrift 37435 Benz Patent-Motorwagen.pdf|Patent 37435, by Karl Benz for his 1885 Motorwagon]] The birth certificate of the automobile - the German patent application of January 29, 1886, that was granted on November 2, 1886 to Benz & Company in Mannheim', 59 => '* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110202214814/http://www.automuseum-dr-carl-benz.de/ Automuseum Dr. Carl Benz, Ladenburg (Heidelberg)]', 60 => '* [http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi2402.htm John H. Lienhard on Bertha Benz's ride]', 61 => '', 62 => '{{S-start}}', 63 => '{{Succession box|title=[[Fastest production car|Fastest street-legal production car]]|before= none |after= [[Daimler Motorized Carriage|Daimler-Benz Motor Carriage]] |years= {{convert|19|km/h|mi/h|2|abbr=on}} }}', 64 => '{{S-end}}', 65 => '', 66 => '{{Benz}}', 67 => '', 68 => '[[Category:Benz vehicles|Patent Motorwagen]]', 69 => '[[Category:First car made by manufacturer]]', 70 => '[[Category:1880s cars]]', 71 => '[[Category:1890s cars]]', 72 => '[[Category:German inventions]]', 73 => '[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1886]]', 74 => '[[Category:1886 in Germany]]' ]