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'{{more citations needed|date=February 2016}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox royalty | name =Gojong<br />고종 | image =Gojong of the Korean Empire 02.jpg | succession = [[Emperor of Korea]] | reign =13 October 1897 – {{nowrap|19 July 1907}} | successor =[[Sunjong of Korea|Sunjong]] | reign1 =21 January 1864 – {{nowrap|13 October 1897}} | succession1 =[[King of Joseon]] | predecessor1 =[[Cheoljong of Joseon|Cheoljong]] | reg-type1 =Regents | regent1 ={{list collapsed|title=''See list''|1={{ubl|[[Heungseon Daewongun]]<br />(1863–1873)|[[Empress Myeongseong|Queen Myeongseong]]<br />(1873–1895)}}}} | spouse =[[Empress Myeongseong|Empress Myeongseong]] | issue =[[Sunjong of Korea|Emperor Sunjong]]<br />[[Prince Imperial Ui]]<br />[[Crown Prince Euimin]]<br />[[Deokhye, Princess of Korea|Princess Deokhye]] | era name = | era dates = Gaeguk (개국, 開國; 1894 – 1895)<br>Geonyang (건양, 建陽; 1896 – 1897)<br>Gwangmu (광무, 光武; 1897 – 1907) | posthumous name = Emperor Mun-heon Mu-jang In-ik Jeong-hyo Tae (문헌무장 인익정효 태황제, 文憲武章仁翼貞孝太皇帝) | temple name = Gojong ({{linktext|고|종}}, {{linktext|高|宗}}) | house =[[House of Yi]] | father =[[Heungseon Daewongun]] | mother =Grand Internal Princess Consort Sunmok | birth_date ={{Birth date|1852|9|8|df=y}} | birth_place =[[Unhyeon Palace]], [[Seoul|Hanseong]], [[Joseon|Joseon dynasty]], Korea | death_date ={{Death date and age|1919|1|21|1852|9|8|df=y}} | death_place =[[Deoksu Palace]], [[Seoul|Keijō]], [[Korea under Japanese rule|Japanese Korea]] | place of burial=[[Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty|Hongneung]] |religion=Confucianism}} {{Infobox Korean name | title=Korean name | hangul=고종 광무제 (short {{linktext|고|종}}) | hanja=高宗光武帝 (short {{linktext|高|宗}}) | rr=Gojong Gwangmuje (short Gojong) | mr=Kojong Kwangmuje (short Kojong) | hangulborn=이명복, later 이희 | hanjaborn=李命福, later 李㷩<ref>[http://221.150.168.57/img/book2/2/JE_A_20660/JE_A_20660_001_000021.gif 高宗太皇帝行狀] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419011940/http://221.150.168.57/img/book2/2/JE_A_20660/JE_A_20660_001_000021.gif |date=19 April 2014 }}</ref> | rrborn=I Myeong-bok, later I Hui | mrborn=Yi Myŏng-bok, later Yi Hŭi | color=#b80049 | fontcolor=white | tablewidth=260 }} '''Gojong''' ({{ko-hhrm|hangul=고종|hanja=高宗|rr=Gojong|mr=Kojong}}), the '''Emperor Gwangmu''' ({{ko-hhrm|hangul=광무제|hanja=光武帝|rr=Gwangmuje|mr=Kwangmuje}}; 8 September 1852 – 21 January 1919), was the last [[Joseon|king of Joseon]] and the first [[Emperor of Korea]]. {{toclimit|3}} ==Biography== ===Early reign=== [[File:Emperor Gojong of the Korean Empire by Percival Lowell, 1884.png|thumb|right|250px|King Gojong (later Emperor Gwangmu) in 1884. Photo by [[Percival Lowell]]]] Gojong took the [[Joseon]] throne in early 1864 when still a child. As a minor, his father, the [[Heungseon Daewongun]] (or more commonly, the Daewongun), ruled as regent for him until Gojong reached adulthood. During the mid-1860s, the Heungseon Daewongun was the main proponent of isolationism and the instrument of the persecution of native and foreign Catholics, a policy that led directly to the [[French Campaign against Korea, 1866|French invasion]] and the [[United States expedition to Korea (1871)|United States expedition to Korea in 1871]]. The early years of the Daewongun's rule also witnessed a concerted effort to restore the largely dilapidated [[Gyeongbok Palace]], the seat of royal authority. During the Daewongun's reign, [[Political factions in Joseon Dynasty|Joseon factional politics]], the [[Seowon]] (learned academies that often doubled as epicenters of factional power), and the power wielded by the [[Andong Kim clan]], completely disappeared as political forces within Korean state life.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} In 1873, Gojong announced his assumption of direct royal rule. In November 1874, with the retirement of the Heungseon Daewongun, Gojong's consort, Queen Min (posthumously known as [[Empress Myeongseong]]), gained complete control over the court, filling senior court positions with members of her family. This angered Heungseon Daewongun, who was exiled from the court. Some relatives of Heungseon Daewongun and members of the [[Southerners (Korean political faction)|Southerner faction]] plotted a coup. ===External pressures and unequal treaties=== {{See also|Unequal treaty#Korea}} In the 19th century, tensions mounted between [[Qing China]] and [[Japan]], culminating in the [[First Sino-Japanese War]] in 1894–1895. Much of this war was fought on the Korean peninsula. Japan, after the [[Meiji Restoration]], had acquired Western military technology and had forced Joseon to sign the [[Treaty of Ganghwa]] in 1876. Japan encroached upon Korean territory in search of fish, iron ore, and other natural resources. It also established a strong economic presence in the peninsula, heralding the beginning of Japanese Imperial expansion in East Asia. The French campaign against Korea of 1866, United States expedition to Korea in 1871, and the Incident of the [[Japanese gunboat Unyo]] put pressure on many of Joseon's officials, including King Gojong. The Treaty of Ganghwa became the first [[unequal treaty]] signed between Korea and a foreign country; it gave [[extraterritoriality|extraterritorial]] rights to Japanese citizens in Korea and forced the Korean government to open three ports, [[Busan]], [[Incheon]], and [[Wonsan]], to Japanese and foreign trade. With the signing of its first unequal treaty, Korea became easy prey for many [[imperialism|imperialistic]] powers, and later the treaty led to Korea being [[Korea under Japanese rule|annexed by Japan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://view.koreaherald.com/kh/view.php?ud=20100907000976&cpv=0 |title=Treaty as prelude to annexation|author=Lee Jae-min|work=The Korea Herald|date=8 September 2010|accessdate=26 July 2012}}</ref> ===Imo Rebellion and Gapsin Coup=== {{See also|Imo Incident|Gapsin Coup}} King Gojong began to rely on a new paid army of rifle-equipped soldiers. The old army, which was primarily armed with swords, spears, and old [[matchlock]]s, eventually revolted as a result of their mediocre wages and loss of prestige, and the [[Heungseon Daewongun]] was restored to power. However Chinese troops, led by the Qing Chinese general [[Yuan Shikai]], soon abducted the Daewongun and took him to China, thus foiling his return to power. Four years later the Daewongun returned to Korea. During the Imo incident when Queen Min was taking refuge in her relative’s villa, Lady Seon-yeong of the Yeongwol Eom clan had showed extreme devotion towards King Gojong. Because of her loyalty, he promoted her to the Jimil Sanggung; 5th senior rank of [[Naemyeongbu|Women of the Internal Court]].<ref>Yoon Hyo-jeong 《대한제국아 망해라》(박광희 국역, 다산초당, 2010) Pg. 337</ref> When Queen Min came back, she had Lady Seon-yeong banished from the royal palace as she discovered the court lady wearing Gojong’s clothing at the age of 32 in 1885. The court lady’s position was changed to Seoin. On 4 December 1884, five revolutionaries initiated the [[Gapsin Coup]], an attempted [[coup d'état]], by leading a small anti-old minister army, attempting to detain King Gojong and Queen Min. The coup failed after 3 days. Some of its leaders, including [[Kim Okgyun]], fled to Japan, and others were executed. ===Peasant revolts=== {{See also|Donghak Peasant Revolution}} Widespread poverty presented significant challenges to the 19th century Joseon Dynasty. One indication of this poverty was the poor conditions of life suffered by those of the lower classes, who often had little to eat and lived in little more than run down shanties lined along roads of dirt and mud.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Lankov | first = Andrei | authorlink = Andrei Lankov |author2=Kim EunHaeng | title = The Dawn of Modern Korea | publisher = EunHaeng Namu | year = 2007 | location = 384-12 Seokyo-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul, South Korea, 121-893 | pages = 47 | isbn = 978-89-5660-214-1}}</ref> A number of factors, including famine, poverty, high taxes and corruption among the ruling class, led to several notable peasant revolts in the 19th century. King Gojong's predecessors had suppressed an 1811–1812 revolt in the Pyeongan Province, led by [[Hong Gyeong-nae]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia | title = Hong Kyŏng-nae Rebellion | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica Online | publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica | year = 2010 }}</ref> In 1894, another major revolt, the [[Donghak Peasant Revolution]] took hold as an anti-government, anti-[[yangban]] and anti-foreign campaign. To suppress the rebellion, the Joseon government requested military aid from Japan, thus deepening Japanese claims to Korea as a protectorate.<ref>[http://www.koreana.or.kr/months/news_view.asp?b_idx=393&lang=en&page_type=list Kim Hyungyoon, "Jangheung, Where Korean Literature Is Deeply Rooted"]</ref> In the end the revolution failed, but many of the peasants' grievances were later dealt with by the [[Gabo Reform]]. ===Assassination of Queen Min=== {{See also|Empress Myeongseong#Assassination}} In 1895, [[Empress Myeongseong]], also known as Queen Min, was assassinated by Japanese agents. The Japanese minister to Korea, [[Miura Gorō]] orchestrated the plot against her. A group of Japanese agents entered the Gyeongbokgung in Seoul, which was under guard by Korean troops sympathetic to the Japanese, and the Queen was killed in the palace. The Queen had attempted to counter Japanese interference in Korea and was considering turning to Russia or China for support.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} ===Anti-Japanese sentiments in Korea=== By 1895 Japan had won the [[First Sino-Japanese War]], gaining much more influence over the Korean government. The Gabo reforms and the assassination of the Queen also stirred controversy in Korea, fomenting [[Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea|Korean anti-Japanese sentiments]]. Some Confucian scholars, as well as farmers, formed over 60 successive [[Righteous army|righteous armies]] to fight for Korean freedom. These armies were preceded by the Donghak movement and succeeded by various [[Korean independence movements]]. ===Korea royal refuge at the Russian legation=== {{See also|Korea royal refuge at the Russian legation}} On 11 February 1896, King Gojong and his crown prince fled from the Gyeongbokgung to the [[Russia]]n legation in [[Seoul]], from which they governed for about one year, an event known as [[Korea royal refuge at the Russian legation]]. After Queen Min died, Lady Seon-yeong re-entered the palace as Gwi-in Eom and lived with Gojong and the crown prince in the Russian legation where she gave birth to [[Yi Un|Crown Prince Euimin]] in 1897. Her status had changed to Sunbin and Sunbi, but was later given the title of Imperial Noble Consort Sunheon of the Yeongwol Eom clan. ===Proclamation of empire=== {{See also|Korean Empire}} [[image:Portrait of Gojong 01.jpg|thumb|210px|Portrait of Emperor Gojong (age 49)]] In 1897, King Gojong, yielding to rising pressure from overseas and the demands of the Independence Association-led public opinion, returned to Gyeongungung (modern-day [[Deoksugung]]). There he proclaimed the founding of the Empire of Korea, officially redesignated the national title as such, and declared a new era name ''Gwangmu'' ([[Hangul]]: 광무, [[Hanja]]: 光武) (meaning, "shining and martial"). This effectively ended Korea's historic subordination to the Qing empire which Korea had acknowledged since the fall of the [[Ming Dynasty]], King Gojong took the title of Gwangmu Emperor, and became the first imperial head of state and hereditary sovereign of the Empire of Korea. This marked the end of the traditional Chinese tributary system in the Far East. Adopting the status of Empire meant that Korea was declaring itself the co-equal of Qing China, that it was independent of it and, at least nominally, it implemented the "full and complete" independence of Korea as recognized in 1895. When Heungseon Daewongun died in 1898, Emperor Gwangmu refused to attend the funeral of his father as the relationship between father and son was broken. But it also said that when the Emperor looked over the palace wall, his cries were heard.<ref>우리곁에 살아 있는 역사의 맥박과 숨결 월간조선 2001년 3월호</ref><ref>나각순, 승상배, 이창훈, 《운현궁과 흥선대원군》 (종로문화원, 2000) 207페이지</ref> Since the seat of the empress was vacant, Gojong wanted to make Imperial Noble Consort Sunheon his empress, but this was opposed by his half brother-in-law, Lee Jun-yong, and Korean refugees who made a movement to stop the action in which they succeeded in. Although not empress, she persuaded and recommended Yun Yong-seon’s adoptive granddaughter, [[Empress Sunjeong|Lady Jeongsun of the Haepyeong Yun clan]], as a wife for the crown prince as the Imperial Consort remembered the grace and help she got from Yun from banishment.<ref>{{Citation|title=순헌황귀비|date=2020-04-26|url=https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%EC%88%9C%ED%97%8C%ED%99%A9%EA%B7%80%EB%B9%84&oldid=26348706|work=위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전|language=ko|access-date=2020-10-19}}</ref> ===Emperor of Korea=== {{See also|Hague Secret Emissary Affair}} [[File:Korean Emperor Kojong and Crown Prince Yi Wang.jpg|thumb|Emperor Gojong and the Crown Prince [[Sunjong of Korea|Sunjong]]]] Gojong proclaimed the [[Korean Empire]] in October 1897 to justify the country's ending of its traditional alliance to China. He tried to promote the ultimately modernizing late [[Gwangmu Reform]]. [[file:Gojong of the Korean Empire.jpg|200px|thumb|Emperor Kojong in 1904]] In September 12th(July 25th in the lunar calendar) of 1898, the emperor was the target of an assassination attempt by interpreter Kim hong-ryuk(金鴻陸) who lost his political power through the [[Korea royal refuge at the Russian legation]], by poisoning the coffee of the emperor and the prince with opium.<ref>http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0011083</ref> In 1904-5, the Japanese military achieved a comprehensive victory in the [[Russo-Japanese War]]. Following the [[Eulsa Treaty|Protectorate Treaty]] of 1905 between Korea and Japan, which stripped Korea of its rights as an independent nation, Gojong sent representatives to the [[Hague Peace Conference#Hague Convention of 1907|Hague Peace Convention]] of 1907 in order to try to re-assert his sovereignty over Korea. Although the Korean representatives were blocked by the Japanese delegates, they did not give up, and later held interviews with newspapers. One representative warned forebodingly of Japanese ambitions in Asia: "The United States does not realize what Japan's policy in the Far East is and what it portends for the American people. The Japanese adopted a policy that in the end will give her complete control over commerce and industry in the Far East. Japan is bitter against the United States and against Great Britain. If the United States does not watch Japan closely she will force the Americans and the English out of the Far East." As a result, Gojong was forced to abdicate by the Japanese and Gojong's son [[Sunjong of Korea|Sunjong]] succeeded to the throne. And after Sunjong, the kingdom of Joseon ended. ===After abdication=== [[Image:Gojong.jpg|thumb|225px|Gojong wearing western-style uniform (Korean:태황제 예복, hanja:太皇帝 禮服). He wore it since the abdication of 1907.]] [[File:Gojong of the Korean Empire 02.jpg|thumb|Gojong wearing western-style uniform]] After abdicating, Emperor Gojong was confined to the [[Deoksugung|Deoksu Palace]]. On 22 August 1910, the Empire of Korea was annexed by Japan under the [[Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty]]. In the treaty, Gojong lost his title as a former emperor; instead, he received a new title, "King Emeritus Yi of Deoksu" (徳寿宮李太王), and was recognized as a member of the imperial family of Japan. Gojong died suddenly on 21 January 1919 at Deoksugung Palace at the age of 66. There is much speculation that he was killed by poison administered by Japanese officials, an idea that gained wide circulation and acceptance at the time of his death. His death and subsequent funeral proved a catalyst for the [[March First Movement]] for Korean independence from Japanese rule. He is buried with his wife at the imperial tomb of Hongneung (홍릉, 洪陵) in the city of [[Namyangju]]. ==Family== * Father **[[Heungseon Daewongun|Yi Ha-Eung, Grand Internal Prince Heungseon]] (21 December 1820 – 22 February 1898) (이하응 흥선대원군) *** Adoptive Father: [[Crown Prince Hyomyeong]] (18 September 1809 – 25 June 1830) (이영 효명세자) ** Paternal Grandfather: Yi Gu, Prince Namyeon (22 August 1788 – 19 March 1836) (이구 남연군) ** Paternal Grandmother: Princess Consort Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (26 June 1788 – 1831) (군부인 여흥민씨, 驪興府大夫人 閔氏) * Mother ** Grand Internal Princess Consort Sunmok of the Yeoheung Min clan (3 February 1818 – 8 January 1898) (순목대원비 민씨) *** Adoptive Mother: [[Queen Shinjeong|Queen Shinjeong of the Pungyang Jo clan]] (21 January 1809 - 4 June 1890) (신정왕후 조씨) **Maternal Grandfather: Min Chi-Gu (1795 – 14 December 1874) (민치구, 閔致久) **Maternal Grandmother: Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (? – 17 November 1873) (정경부인 전주이씨, 貞敬夫人 全州李氏); wife of first senior government official, Min Chi-gu * Brothers ** Adoptive older brother: [[Heonjong of Joseon|Heonjeong of Joseon]] (8 September 1827 – 25 July 1849) (조선 헌종) ** Older brother: [[Prince Imperial Heung|Yi Jae-myeon, Prince Imperial Heungchin]] (22 August 1845 – 9 September 1912) (이재면 흥친왕) ** Younger half-brother: [[Prince Imperial Waneun|Yi Jae-seon, Prince Waneun]] (1 August 1842 – 27 October 1881) (이재선 완은군) * Sisters ** Younger sister: Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (이씨, 李氏) (? - 1869); married Jo Kyeong-ho of the [[Imcheon Jo clan]] (조경호, 趙慶鎬) (1839 - 1914) (본관: 임천 조씨, 林川趙氏) ** Younger sister: Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (이씨, 李氏) (? - 1899); married Jo Jung-gu of the Pungyang Jo clan (조정구, 趙鼎九) (1860 - 1926) (본관: 풍양 조씨, 豐壤 趙氏) *** Nephew: Jo Nam-seung (조남승, 趙南升) *** Nephew: Jo Nam-ik (조남익, 趙南益) *** Niece: Jo Gye-jin (조계진, 趙啓珍) ** Younger half-sister: Lady Yi of the Jeonju Yi clan (이씨, 李氏) (? - 1869); married Lee Yun-yong of the Ubong Lee clan (1854 - 8 September 1939) (본관: 우봉 이씨, 牛峰李氏) *** Half-Nephew: Lee Myeong-gu (이명구, 李明九) * Consorts and their Respective Issue(s): # [[Empress Myeongseong|Empress Myeongseong of the Yeoheung Min clan]] (19 October 1851 – 8 October 1895) (명성황후 민씨){{Efn|She is given the posthumous title of 태황후 Taehwanghu.|name=|group=lower-alpha}} ## Unnamed son (1871){{Efn|He only lived for 4 days.|name=|group=lower-alpha}} ## Unnamed daughter (1873){{Efn|She only lived for 222 days (about 7 months, 1 week, 5 days).|name=|group=lower-alpha}} ## [[Emperor Sunjong of Korea|Crown Prince Yi Cheok]] (25 March 1874 – 24 April 1926) (이척 황태자) ## Unnamed son (1875){{Efn|He only lived for 14 days (2 weeks).|name=|group=lower-alpha}} ## Unnamed son (1878){{Efn|He only lived for 105 days (about 3 months, 2 weeks, 1 day).|name=|group=lower-alpha}} # Imperial Noble Consort Sunheon of the [[Yeongwol Eom clan]] (2 February 1854 – 20 July 1911) (순헌황귀비 엄씨){{Efn|She is given the posthumous title of 순헌황귀비 (Sunheon Hwang-Gwi-bi "Sunheon, Imperial Concubine of the Highest Rank").|name=|group=lower-alpha}}{{Efn|Her whole name is Eom Seon-yeong (엄선영), daughter of Eom Jin-sam (엄진삼) and Jeung Chan-jeong (증찬정).|name=|group=lower-alpha}} ##[[Yi Un|Yi Eun, Crown Prince Uimin]] (20 October 1897 – 1 May 1970) (이은 의민태자){{Efn|Gojong's seventh son. He married Princess Masako Nashimotonomiya of Japan, daughter of Prince Morimasa Nashimotonomiya of Japan. During the Korean Empire, he was named "Prince Yeong" (영친왕).|name=|group=lower-alpha}} # Imperial Consort Yeongbo Gwi-in of the [[Lee (surname 李)|Gyeongju Yi clan]] (1849 – 17 December 1928) (영보당귀인 이씨) ## Yi Seon, Prince Wanhwa (16 April 1868 – 12 January 1880) (이선 완화군){{Efn|During the Korean Empire, he was posthumously named as "Prince Wan" (완친왕).|name=|group=lower-alpha}} ## Unnamed daughter (1871 – 1872) # Imperial Consort Gwi-in of the [[Deoksu Jang clan]] (귀인 장씨) ##[[Yi Kang|Yi Kang, Prince Uihwa]] (30 March 1877 – August 1955) (이강 의화군){{Efn|During the Korean Empire, he was named "Prince Ui" (의친왕). He married Kim Su-deok (who became Princess Deogin), daughter of Baron Kim Sa-jun.|name=|group=lower-alpha}} # Imperial Consort Gwanghwa Gwi-in of the Lee clan (1885 – 1965) (광화당 귀인 이씨){{Efn|Her whole name is Lee Wan-heung (이완흥) of the Gwanghwa Hall.|name=|group=lower-alpha}} ## Prince Yi Yuk (1914 – 1915) (이육){{Efn|Other records, however, say that he lived from 1906–1908.|name=|group=lower-alpha}} # Imperial Consort Bohyeon Gwi-in of the Haeju Jeong clan (1882 – 1943) (보현당 귀인 정씨) ## Prince Yi U (20 August 1915 – 25 July 1916) (이우) # Imperial Consort Boknyeong Gwi-in of the [[Cheongju Yang clan]] (27 September 1882 – 30 May 1929) (복녕당 귀인 양씨) ##[[Princess Deokhye]] (25 May 1912 – 21 April 1989) (덕혜옹주){{Efn|Gojong's 4th daughter. She married Count Takeyuki Sō, a Japanese nobleman of Tsushima.|name=|group=lower-alpha}} # Imperial Consort Naean Gwi-in of the Lee clan (1847 – 13 February 1914) (내안당 귀인 이씨) ## Unnamed daughter (1879 – 1880) # Lady Kim of the Samchuk Hall (1890 – 23 September 1970) (삼축당 김씨){{Efn|Her whole name is Kim Ok-gi (김옥기).|name=|group=lower-alpha}} # Lady Kim of the Jeonghwa Hall (정화당 상궁 김씨) # Court Lady Seo (상궁 서씨) # Court Lady Kim (상궁 김씨){{Efn|Her whole name is Kim Chung-yeon (김충연).|name=|group=lower-alpha}} # Court Lady Jang (궁인 장씨) ==Honours== ;Korean honours{{cn|date=June 2020}} * Founder and Sovereign of the Grand Order of the Golden Ruler – 17 April 1900 * Founder and Sovereign of the Grand Order of the Auspicious Stars – 17 April 1900 * Founder and Sovereign of the Grand Order of the Plum Blossoms – 17 April 1900 * Founder and Sovereign of the Order of the National Crest – 17 April 1900 * Founder and Sovereign of the Order of the Purple Falcon – 16 April 1901 * Founder and Sovereign of the Order of the Eight Trigrams – 16 April 1901 * Grand Cordon of the Grand Order of the Auspicious Phoenix – 1907 ;Foreign honours{{cn|date=June 2020}} *{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]] – 23 July 1895 *{{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}: Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]] – 23 July 1895 *{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]] – 23 March 1897<ref>{{cite book|author=刑部芳則|title=明治時代の勲章外交儀礼|url=http://meijiseitoku.org/pdf/f54-5.pdf|year=2017|publisher=明治聖徳記念学会紀要|language=ja|p=149}}</ref> *{{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}: Honorary Grand Commander of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]] – 17 December 1900<ref>Shaw, Wm. A. (1906) ''The Knights of England'', '''I''', London, [https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092537418#page/n493/mode/2up p. 403]</ref> *{{flagcountry|Restoration (Spain)}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Charles III]], with Collar – 1900 *{{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Royal Order of Leopold]] – 23 March 1901 *{{flagcountry|Qing dynasty}}: [[Order of the Double Dragon]], Class I Grade I – 1 December 1903 *{{flagcountry|Russian Empire}}: Knight of the [[Order of Saint Stanislaus (Imperial House of Romanov)|Order of St. Stanislaus]], 1st Class – 1 December 1903 *{{flagcountry|Denmark}}: Knight of the [[Order of the Elephant]] – 31 August 1903<ref>{{cite book|author=Jørgen Pedersen|title=Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=glw-AQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Syddansk Universitetsforlag|language=da|isbn=978-87-7674-434-2|p=466}}</ref> *{{flag|German Empire}}: Knight of the [[Order of the Black Eagle]] – 20 March 1904 ==Ancestry== {{ahnentafel |collapsed=yes |align=center |title=Ancestors of Emperor Gojong |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; | 1 = 1. '''Emperor Gojong of Korea''' | 2 = 2. [[Heungseon Daewongun]] | 3 = 3. Grand Internal Princess Consort Sunmok | 4 = 4. Yi Gu, Prince Namyeon | 5 = 5. Princess Consort Min | 6 = 6. Min Chi-gu | 7 =7. Lady Yi, Princess of Deokheung | 8 = 8. Yi Byeong-won | 9 = 9. Lady Jeong of the Yeonil Jeong clan |10 = 10. Min Gyeong-hyeok |11 =11. Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan |12 = 12. Min Dan-hyeon |13 = 13. Lady Park Mal-yang |14 =14. Yi Ok of Deokheung |15 =15. Lady Kim of the Gyeongju Kim clan |16 = 16. Yi Jin-ik |17 = 17. Lady Jo of the Hanyang Jo clan |18 =18. |19 =19. |20 =20. Min Baek-heon |21 =21. |22 =22. |23 =23. |24 = 24. Min Baek-sul |25 =25. |26 =26.Park Il-hwan |27 =27. |28 =28. Yi Min-sik |29 =29. Lady Suk of the Cheongju Han clan }} == In popular culture== * Portrayed by [[Lee Jin-woo (actor)|Lee Jin-woo]] and [[Lee In (actor)|Lee Joon]] in the 2001-2002 [[KBS2]] TV series ''[[Empress Myeongseong (TV series)|Empress Myeongseong]]''. * Portrayed by Kim Young-min in the 2009 film ''[[The Sword with No Name]]''. * Portrayed by [[Choi Jong-hwan]] in the 2010 [[Seoul Broadcasting System|SBS]] TV series ''[[Jejungwon (TV series)|Jejungwon]]''. * Portrayed by [[Park Hee-soon]] in the 2012 film ''[[Gabi (film)|Gabi]]''. * Portrayed by [[Lee Min-woo (actor)|Lee Min-woo]] in the 2014 KBS2 TV series ''[[Gunman in Joseon]]''. * Portrayed by Park Min-sang in the 2016 film ''The Map Against The World''. * Portrayed by [[Baek Yoon-sik]] in the 2016 film ''[[The Last Princess (film)|The Last Princess]]''. * Portrayed by [[Lee Seung-joon (actor born 1973)|Lee Seung-joon]] in the 2018 [[TVN (South Korea)|tvN]] and [[Netflix]] TV series ''[[Mr. Sunshine (2018 TV series)|Mr. Sunshine]]''. ==See also== *[[List of Korea-related topics]] *[[History of Korea]] *[[Rulers of Korea]] *[[Heungseon Daewongun]] *[[Empress Myeongseong]] *[[List of Head of State and Government deposed by foreign power in the 20th and 21st century]] ==Notes== {{Notelist|notes=|group=lower-alpha}}{{reflist|group=notes}} == References == {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Gojong of the Korean Empire}} * [https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2008/06/142_25829.html "Essays Trace US, Japan Roles in Joseon's Downfall" ''Korea Times'', June 13, 2008] {{S-start}} {{S-hou|[[House of Yi]]|25 July|1852|21 January|1919}} {{S-reg|}} {{S-bef|before=[[Cheoljong of Joseon|Cheoljong]]}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of Korean Rulers|King of Joseon]]|years=21 January 1864 – 13 October 1897 |dynasty= |regent1=[[Heungseon Daewongun]]|years1=1864–1873 |regent2=[[Empress Myeongseong]]|years2=1873–1895}} {{S-non|reason=Elevated to Emperor}} {{S-break}} {{S-non|reason=Elevated to Emperor}} {{S-ttl|title=[[List of Korean Rulers|Emperor of Korea]]|years=13 October 1897 – 19 July 1907 |dynasty=}} {{S-aft|after=[[Sunjong of Korea|Yunghui Emperor]]}} {{s-roy}} {{s-new|reason=[[Korea under Japanese rule]]}} {{s-ttl|title=King Emeritus Yi<br>([[Deoksugung]])|years=29 August 1910 – 21 January 1919}} {{s-vac}} {{S-end}} {{House of Yi}} {{King Yi of Korea}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gojong of Korea, Emperor}} [[Category:Joseon rulers]] [[Category:Korean Empire emperors]] [[Category:1852 births]] [[Category:1919 deaths]] [[Category:19th-century Korean monarchs]] [[Category:Monarchs who abdicated]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Double Dragon]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Black Eagle]] [[Category:Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur]] [[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus]] [[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] [[Category:Flag designers]]'