The Slovak koruna or Slovak crown (Slovak: slovenská koruna, literally meaning Slovak crown) was the currency of Slovakia between 8 February 1993 and 31 December 2008, and could be used for cash payment until 16 January 2009. The ISO 4217 code was SKK and the local abbreviation was Sk. The koruna was subdivided into 100 haliers (abbreviated as "hal." or simply "h", singular: halier). The abbreviation is placed after the numeric value.
| slovenská koruna (Slovak) | |
|---|---|
| ISO 4217 | |
| Code | SKK |
| Unit | |
| Plural | koruny (nominative) |
| Symbol | Sk |
| Denominations | |
| Subunit | |
| 1⁄100 | halier |
| Symbol | |
| halier | h |
| Banknotes | 20 Sk, 50 Sk, 100 Sk, 200 Sk, 500 Sk, 1000 Sk, 5000 Sk |
| Coins | 10 h, 20 h, 50 h, 1 Sk, 2 Sk, 5 Sk, 10 Sk |
| Demographics | |
| Date of introduction | 1993 |
| Replaced | Czechoslovak koruna |
| User(s) | None, previously: Slovakia |
| Issuance | |
| Central bank | National Bank of Slovakia |
| Website | www |
| Valuation | |
| Inflation | 3.5%, December 2008 |
| EU Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) | |
| Since | 28 November 2005 |
| Replaced by euro, non cash | 1 January 2009 |
| Replaced by euro, cash | 16 January 2009 |
| 1 € = | 30.1260 Sk1 |
| Band | 15% |
| This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete. 1 The rate has changed twice. See article for details. | |
Slovakia switched its currency from the koruna to the euro on 1 January 2009, at a rate of 30.1260 korunas per euro. Both currencies could still be used for a two-week transitional period until 16 January 2009.
In Slovak, the nouns koruna and halier both have two plural forms. "Koruny"[1] and haliere appear after the numbers 2, 3 and 4 and in generic (uncountable) context, with korún and halierov being used after other numbers. The latter forms are genitive.
Modern koruna
editIn 1993, the newly independent Slovakia introduced its own koruna, replacing the Czechoslovak koruna at par.
Coins
edit
In 1993, coins were introduced in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 haliers, 1, 2, 5 and 10 korunas. The 10 and 20 halier coins were taken out of circulation on 31 December 2003. In 1996 the 50 halier coin was made smaller and instead of aluminium it was made with copper plated steel.
The obverse of the coins feature the coat of arms of Slovakia, with motifs from Slovak history on the reverses.
- 10 halierov (silver-coloured) – Octagonal wooden belfry from Zemplín (early 19th century) = €0.0033
- 20 halierov (silver-coloured) – the Kriváň peak in the High Tatras = €0.0066
- 50 halierov (copper-coloured) – Renaissance polygonal tower of Devín Castle = €0.0166
- 1 koruna (copper-coloured) – Gothic wooden sculpture of the Madonna with child (c. 1500) = €0.0332
- 2 koruny (silver-coloured) – Earthen sculpture of the sitting Venus of Hradok (4th millennium BC) = €0.0664
- 5 korún (silver-coloured) – Reverse of a Celtic coin of Biatec (1st century BC) = €0.166
- 10 korún (copper-coloured) – Bronze cross (11th century A.D.) = €0.332
Coins were exchangeable for euros at the National Bank of Slovakia until January 2, 2014.
Banknotes
editAt midnight on 31 December 1992, the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic bifurcated into the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. In 1993, the newly independent Slovakia introduced its own koruna, replacing the Czechoslovak koruna at par. Provisional banknotes were issued in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 korún by affixing stamps bearing the coat of arms of Slovakia and the denomination to Czechoslovak banknotes.[2] Later that year Slovakia issued its own set of banknotes. The main motifs on the obverses of the banknotes represent important people living in the territory of the present Slovakia in various historical eras. On the reverses, these motifs are completed by depicting places where these people lived and were active.
| Denomination | Dimensions (millimetres) |
Value in euros (€) | Image | Main colour | Obverse | Reverse | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 korún | 128 x 65 | €0.66 | Green | Prince Pribina | Nitra/Neutra Castle | ||||
| 50 korún | 134 x 68 | €1.66 | Blue | Saints Cyril and Methodius | Dražovce church and the first seven letters of the Glagolitic alphabet | ||||
| 100 korún | 140 x 71 | €3.32 | Red | Madonna at Levoča church | St. Jacob's church in Levoča/Leutschau and city hall | ||||
| 200 korún | 146 x 74 | €6.64 | Turquoise | Anton Bernolák (1762 – 1813), linguist and Catholic priest | Trnava in the 18th century | Introduced in 1995 | |||
| 500 korún | 152 x 77 | €16.60 | Brown | Ľudovít Štúr (1815 – 1856), leader of the Slovak national revival | Bratislava Castle and St. Michaels church | ||||
| 1000 korún | 158 x 80 | €33.19 | Purple | Andrej Hlinka (1864 – 1938), politician and Catholic priest | Madonna of Liptovké Sliace/Liptau church; St. Andrew's church in Ružomberok | ||||
| 5000 korún | 164 x 82 | €165.97 | Orange | Milan Rastislav Štefánik (1880 – 1919), politician and diplomat | Stefanik's grave on Bradlo Hill: Ursa Major constellation | Introduced in 1994 | |||
Slovak banknotes denominated in koruny can be exchanged for euros indefinitely.
Historical exchange rates
edit
The graph shows the value of the euro in korunas from 1999 to December 2008. As may be seen, the currency strengthened as Slovakia's economy did. The koruna joined the ERM II on 28 November 2005 at the rate of € = 38.4550 Sk with a 15% band.[3][4] On 17 March 2007, this rate was readjusted to 35.4424 Sk with the same band, an 8.5% increase in the value of the koruna.[5] On the same day, 1 euro traded at 33.959 Sk. The central rate of koruna was then adjusted once more on 28 May 2008 to 33.8545 with no change in the band.[6]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ CIA - The World Factbook -- Slovakia. 15 May 2007; accessed 19 May 2007.
- ^ Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Slovakia". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com.
- ^ "Slovak Koruna Included in the ERM II". National Bank of Slovakia. 2005-11-28. Archived from the original on 2006-10-02. Retrieved 2007-03-17.
- ^ European Commission. "Exchange Rate Mechanism II (ERM II)". Retrieved 2007-03-17.
- ^ Radoslav Tomek & Meera Louis (2007-03-17). "Slovakia, EU Raise Koruna's Central Rate After Appreciation". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2007-03-17.
- ^ Radoslav Tomek & Meera Louis (2008-05-28). "Slovakia Wins EU Approval to Let Koruna Strengthen". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
References
edit- Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991 (18th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501.
- Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (7th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9.
- Biľak, M. - Jízdný, M. (1988). Zberatelský katalóg mincí Československa. Československá Numizmatická Spoločnosť, Pobočka Košice.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
External links
edit- ECB: The euro cash changeover in Slovakia (as of 1 January 2009)
- [1], [2][permanent dead link], [3][permanent dead link] (History of the Slovak koruna/crown and its predecessors at the website of the National Bank of Slovakia, parts 1, 2, 3)
- The banknotes of Slovakia (in English and German)
| Preceded by: Czechoslovak koruna Reason: independence Ratio: at par |
Currency of Slovakia 1939 – 1945 |
Succeeded by: Czechoslovak koruna Reason: restoration of Czechoslovakia Ratio: ? |
| Preceded by: Czechoslovak koruna Reason: independence Ratio: at par |
Currency of Slovakia 1993 – 2009 |
Succeeded by: Euro Reason: entry into Eurozone Ratio: 1 EUR = 30.1260 SKK |
