Pyotr (Petr) Yakovlevich Ufimtsev (Russian: Пётр Я́ковлевич Уфи́мцев; born 1931) is a Soviet Russian electrical engineer and mathematical physicist, considered the seminal force behind modern stealth aircraft technology. In the 1960s he began developing equations for predicting the reflection of electromagnetic waves from simple two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.[1]
Pyotr Yakovlevich Ufimtsev | |
|---|---|
| Born | 8 July 1931[citation needed] |
| Nationality | Soviet, Russian |
| Alma mater | Odesa State University |
| Known for | Stealth technology Physical theory of diffraction |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | electrical engineering, physics |
| Institutions | Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics |
Much of Ufimtsev's work was translated into English, and in the 1970s American Lockheed engineers began to expand upon some of his theories to create the concept of aircraft with reduced radar signatures.[2]
Biography
editUfimtsev was born into a peasant family in the village of Ust-Charysh Pristan, in the Altai region, West Siberian Krai (now Altai Krai) of the RSFSR of the former USSR. At the age of three his father was repressed by the regime and later died in a gulag. He received his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the Central Research Radio Engineering Institute of the Defense Ministry, Moscow, Soviet Union, in 1959 and his Dr. Sc. degree in theoretical and mathematical physics from St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg, Soviet Union, in 1970.[3]
The father of stealth
editWhile working in Moscow, Ufimtsev became interested in describing the reflection of electromagnetic waves. He gained permission to publish his research results internationally because they were considered to be of no significant military or economic value.[4]
A stealth engineer at Lockheed, Denys Overholser, had read the publication and realized that Ufimtsev had created the mathematical theory and tools to do finite element analysis of radar reflection.[5] This discovery inspired and had a role in the design of the first true stealth aircraft, the Lockheed F-117. Northrop also used Ufimtsev's work to program super computers to predict the radar reflection of the B-2 bomber.
In the 1960s Ufimtsev began developing a high-frequency asymptotic theory for predicting the scattering of electromagnetic waves from two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects. Among such objects were the finite bodies of revolution (disk, finite cylinder with flat bases, finite cone, finite paraboloid, spherical segment, finite thin wire). This theory is now known as the Physical Theory of Diffraction (PTD).
The first results of PTD were collected in the book: P. Ya. Ufimtsev, Method of Edge Waves in the Physical Theory of Diffraction, Soviet Radio, Moscow, 1962. In 1971 this book was translated into English with the same title by U.S. Air Force, Foreign Technology Division (National Air and Space Intelligence Center), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 1971.[6] Technical Report AD 733203, Defense Technical Information Center of USA, Alexandria VA. This theory played a critical role in the design of American stealth aircraft such as the F-117 and B-2.[7][8][9]
See also the Forewords written by K. Mitzner to the books:
- Ufimtsev, P. Ya. Theory of Edge Diffraction in Electromagnetics, Tech Science Press, Encino, California, 2003.
- Ufimtsev, P. Ya. Fundamentals of the Physical Theory of Diffraction, Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 1st edition 2007 and 2nd edition 2014.
In these two books, P. Ya. Ufimtsev presented the further development and application of PTD and its validation by mathematical theory. In particular, a new version of PTD, based on the concept of elementary edge waves, is presented in his book Fundamentals of the Physical Theory of Diffraction (2007, 2014). With appropriate modifications, PTD can be employed for the solution to many practical problems. Among them are the design of microwave antennas, mobile radio communication, construction of acoustic barriers to decrease a noise level, evaluation of radar cross sections for large objects[10] (tanks, ships, missiles, etc.).
Dr. Ufimtsev has been affiliated with a number of research and academic institutions, including the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Moscow), Moscow Aviation Institute, the University of California (Los Angeles, Irvine) and most recently, the Moscow State University (Russia, 2007) and the University of Siena (Italy, 2008). Currently he is a retiree and a consultant in the field of electromagnetics. Among his honors and awards are the USSR State Prize, the Leroy Randle Grumman Medal and [Honorary Member of Pioneers of Stealth (Feb. 2024, USA)]. [11]
Ufimtsev joined the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) as a visiting professor of electrical engineering in September 1990.[7]
Books
edit- P. Ya. Ufimtsev, Theory of Edge Diffraction in Electromagnetics, 1st edition Tech Science Press, Encino, California, 2003. ISBN 0-9657001-7-8, 2nd edition SciTech Publishing, Inc. Raleigh, NC, USA, 2009. ISBN 9781891121661
- P. Ya. Ufimtsev, Fundamentals of the Physical Theory of Diffraction, Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 1st edition 2007. ISBN 0-470-09771-X; 2nd edition 2014, ISBN 978-1-118-75366-8
- P. Ya. Ufimtsev, Method of Edge Waves in the Physical Theory of Diffraction, Soviet Radio, Moscow, 1962
- P. Ya. Ufimtsev, Rung T. Ling, Gokhan Apaydin, "Electromagnetic Surface Waves in Microwave Absorbing Layers", Cambridge Scholars Publishing, ISBN 978-1-0364-0426-0, 2024
References
edit- ^ Ufimtsev, P. Ya. (7 September 1971). "Method of Edge Waves in the Physical Theory of Diffraction". Archived from the original on 1 February 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- ^ Dwayne A. Day. "Stealth Technology". U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission. Archived from the original on 18 January 2009. Retrieved 15 January 2009.
- ^ Ufimtsev, P. Y. (2013). "The 50-Year Anniversary of the PTD: Comments on the PTD's Origin and Development". IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. 55 (3): 18–28. doi:10.1109/MAP.2013.6586621. ISSN 1045-9243.
- ^ Larry Musa. "Physicist of the Week: Pyotr Ufimtsev". Archived from the original on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 15 January 2009.
- ^ Patrick Kiger. "The F117A — A Secret History". Discovery Channel. Retrieved 15 January 2009.
- ^ Ashcroft, Bruce (Autumn 1994). "Air Force Foreign Materiel Exploitation". American Intelligence Journal. 15 (2). National Military Intelligence Foundation: 79–82. ISSN 0883-072X. JSTOR 44326924.
- ^ a b Browne, Malcolm Wilde (May 14, 1991). "2 Rival Designers Led the Way to Stealthy Warplanes". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 29, 2018. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
- ^ Browne, Malcolm Wilde (December 16, 1991). "Lockheed credits Soviet theory in design of F-117". Aviation Week & Space Technology. Vol. 135, no. 24/25. p. 27. ISSN 0005-2175.
- ^ Rich, Benjamin Robert; Janos, Leo (1994). Skunk Works. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 9780316743006. OCLC 777321294.
- ^ J. M. L. Bernard, G. Pelosi, P. Ya. Ufimtsev, [eds.], "Radar Cross Section of Complex Objects", Annales des Telecommunications (Annals of Telecommunications), 50, 5–6, May–June 1995. p. 471–598.
- ^ "Ufimtsev, Pyotr Ya. / Fundamentals of the Physical Theory of Diffraction". Retrieved 15 January 2009.
3. P.Ya. Ufimtsev, The 50-Year Anniversary of the PTD: Comments on the PTD’s Origin and Development" published in the journal IEEE Antennas & Propagation Magazine, vol. 55, no.3, pp. 18-28, June 2013".
- Pyotr Ya. Ufimtsev and Gokhan Apaydin, "Fresnel diffraction at circular cylinders" International Journal of Modern Physics C, vol.34, no.3 (2023)