The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) (Māori: Manatū Aorere) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with advising the government on foreign and trade policy, and promoting New Zealand's interests in trade and international relations.
| Manatū Aorere | |
 | |
| Agency overview | |
|---|---|
| Jurisdiction | New Zealand |
| Headquarters | 195 Lambton Quay, Wellington WELLINGTON 6011 41°17′02″S 174°46′32″E / 41.283882°S 174.775604°E |
| Employees | 2137 |
| Annual budget | Total budgets for 2019/20[1] Vote Foreign Affairs and Trade  $589,698,000Vote Official Development Assistance $822,172,000 |
| Ministers responsible | |
| Agency executive |
|
| Website | mfat |
History
editThe Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) was first established as the Department of External Affairs (NZDEA) on 11 June 1943 through an Act of Parliament. This decision was prompted by a need for New Zealand to conduct its own external relations and because New Zealand's neighbour Australia already had its own Department of External Affairs since 1921. Prior to that, New Zealand's interests had been represented overseas by the United Kingdom. The establishment of the External Affairs Department was accompanied by the creation of a foreign service and the establishment of diplomatic missions in the United States, Canada, Australia, and the Soviet Union between 1942 and 1944.[2] Like its similarly named Australian and Canadian counterparts, the NZDEA was named "External Affairs" rather than "Foreign Affairs" in deference to the British Government's responsibility for conducting foreign policy on behalf of the British Empire and later the Commonwealth of Nations.[3]
From 1969 to 1988, the Ministry was known as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). Between 1988 and 1993, the Ministry was renamed the Ministry of External Relations and Trade (MERT). The NZDEA and the MFA was administered by the Prime Minister's Department until 1975. Between 1946 and 1975, the Secretary of External/Foreign Affairs also served concurrently as the Permanent Head of the Prime Minister's Department. For much of this period, several New Zealand Prime Ministers including Peter Fraser, Walter Nash, and Keith Holyoake held the External Affairs portfolio. MFAT had no relation to an earlier Department of External Affairs, which was responsible for administrating New Zealand's South Pacific island dependencies of Niue, the Cook Islands, Tokelau, and Samoa between 1919 and 1943. In 1943, that aforementioned department was renamed the Department of Island Territories. In 1975, the Island Territories Department was dissolved and its functions were absorbed back into the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[4]
Functions
editThe ministry represents New Zealand interests to other governments, including at the United Nations, APEC, TPPA and the WTO. It takes an active role in the Asia-Pacific region, and has been involved in regional security initiatives such as the RAMSI intervention in the Solomon Islands, and negotiating and implementing a peace agreement in Bougainville. It is active in developing export opportunities for local companies, and in 2008 negotiated a free trade agreement with China.
It used to sponsor the Centre for Strategic Studies New Zealand in conjunction with other NZ Government ministries, though the centre is now part of Victoria University of Wellington.
NZAID
editThe New Zealand overseas development aid agency New Zealand Agency for International Development (NZAID) was a semi-autonomous agency within the ministry, until it was brought back into the ministry as the International Development Group (IDG). It is a major provider of aid to the Pacific.
Ministers
editThe Ministry serves 4 portfolios, 4 ministers and 2 associate minister.[5]
| Officeholder | Portfolios | Other responsibilities |
|---|---|---|
| Rt Hon Winston Peters | Lead Minister (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade) Minister of Foreign Affairs |
|
| Hon Todd McClay | Minister for Trade | Associate Minister of Foreign Affairs |
| Hon Nicola Grigg | Minister of State for Trade | |
| Hon Simon Watts | Minister of Climate Change | |
| Hon Nicola Willis | Associate Minister of Climate Change |
Organisational structure
editThe Ministry has 653 staff based in Wellington and 661 staff overseas, with consulates and embassies in 53 posts worldwide.
Secretaries of Foreign Affairs and Trade
edit- Sir Alister McIntosh (1942–1966)
- Sir George Laking (1967–1972)
- Frank Corner (1973–1980)
- Merwyn Norrish (1980–1988)
- Graham Ansell (1989–1993)
- Richard Nottage (1993–1998)
- Neil Walter (1999-2002)[6]
- Simon Murdoch (2002–2009)[7]
- John Allen (2009–2014)[8]
- Brook Barrington (2015–2019)[9]
- Chris Seed (2019–2024)[10]
- Brook Barrington (acting, 2024)[11]
Te Hurumanu
editTe Hurumanu is a Te Tiriti partnership group that works alongside the Chief Executive and Senior Leadership Team to incorporate a Tirohanga Māori perspective into the strategic and policy decisions of Manatū Aorere.[12] Formed to ensure Te Ao Māori views are integrated into addressing policy challenges, Te Hurumanu provide leadership on strategic priorities, advocates for iwi and Māori needs in foreign policy and enhances the Ministry’s understanding of Mātauranga Māori.[13] The group meet bi-monthly and consists of respected members who are chosen for their expertise and governance experience.[14] Their role includes developing a partnership model reflecting Te Tiriti principles, and the Ministry towards fulfilling its Treaty obligations.[15]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Total Appropriations for Each Vote". Budget 2019. The Treasury. 30 May 2019.
- ^ Malcolm Templeton, ed., An Eye, An Ear, And a Voice, p.1.
- ^ Alan Watt, "The Department of Foreign Affairs," in The Times Survey of Foreign Ministries of the World, ed. Zara Steiner (London: Times Books Limited, 1982), p.35; James Eary, "The Department of External Affairs," in The Times Survey of Foreign Ministries of the World, p.96.
- ^ Malcolm Templeton, ed., An Eye, An Ear, And a Voice, pp.1-2.
- ^ "Our Ministers". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
- ^ McKinnon, Don (28 June 1999). "McKinnon welcomes new MFAT Secretary" (Press release). Archived from the original on 12 June 2016.
- ^ State Services Commission (21 May 2002). "CEO Appointment: MFAT" (Press release). New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 12 June 2016.
- ^ Swann, Allan (30 April 2009). "Mfat culture change to be led by NZ Post CEO John Allen". National Business Review. Archived from the original on 12 June 2016.
- ^ Rutherford, Hamish (3 March 2015). "Former diplomat Brook Barrington to head MFAT". Stuff.co.nz. Fairfax Media.
- ^ State Services Commission (19 December 2018). "Secretary of Foreign Affairs and Trade appointed". www.ssc.govt.nz. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
- ^ "Current Public Service leaders". Te Kawa Mataaho Public Service Commission. 21 April 2024. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
- ^ Trade, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and. "Te Hurumanu ki Tauranga Moana". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ Trade, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and. "Te Hurumanu". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ Trade, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and. "Te Hurumanu". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ Trade, New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and. "Engagement with Māori". New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
Further reading
edit- An eye, an ear and a voice: 50 years in New Zealand’s external relations edited by Malcolm Templeton (1993, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Wellington NZ) ISBN 0-477-03725-9
- Undiplomatic Dialogue: Letters between Carl Berendsen and Alister McIntosh 1943-1952 edited by Ian McGibbon (1993, Auckland University Press, Auckland NZ) ISBN 1-86940-095-X
- Unofficial Channels: Letters between Alister McIntosh and Foss Shanahan, George Laking and Frank Corner 1946-1966 edited by Ian McGibbon (1999, Victoria University Press, Wellington NZ) ISBN 0-86473-365-8