Wikipedia

Ivan Lendl

Ivan Lendl (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɪvan ˈlɛndl̩]; born March 7, 1960) is a Czech-American former professional tennis player. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest tennis players of all time.[3] Lendl was ranked world No. 1 in singles for a then-record 270 weeks and won 94 singles titles. He won eight major singles titles and was runner-up 11 times, making him the first man to contest 19 major finals. Lendl also contested a record eight consecutive US Open finals and won seven year end championships including five Grand Prix Masters and two WCT Finals. Lendl is the only man in professional tennis history to have a match winning percentage of over 90% in five different years (1982, 1985, 1986, 1987, and 1989).[4] He also had a comfortable head-to-head winning record against his biggest rivals, which translates to a 22–13 record (4–3 in major matches) against Jimmy Connors[5] and a 21–15 record (7–3 in major matches) against John McEnroe.[6] Lendl's dominance of his era was most evident at the year-end championships, which feature the eight best-ranked singles players. He holds a win–loss record at the event of 39–10,[7] having contested the final nine consecutive times, a record.[7] Commonly referred to as the 'Father Of Modern Tennis' and 'The Father Of The Inside-Out Forehand',[8] Lendl pioneered a new style of tennis; his game was built around his forehand, hit hard and with a heavy topspin, and his success is cited as a primary influence in popularizing the now-common playing style of aggressive baseline power tennis.[9][10] After retirement, he became a tennis coach for several players; in particular, he helped Andy Murray win three major titles and reach the world No. 1 ranking.

Ivan Lendl
Lendl in 2012
Country (sports) Czechoslovakia (1978–92)
 United States (1992–94)
ResidenceVero Beach, Florida, US[1]
Born (1960-03-07) March 7, 1960 (age 64)
Ostrava, Czechoslovakia
Height6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)[2]
Turned pro1978
Retired1994
PlaysRight-handed (one-handed backhand)
CoachWojtek Fibak (1979-1985)
Tony Roche (1985-1994)
Prize moneyUS$21,262,417
Int. Tennis HoF2001 (member page)
Singles
Career record1068–242 (81.5%)
Career titles94 (4th in the Open Era)
Highest rankingNo. 1 (February 28, 1983)
Grand Slam singles results
Australian OpenW (1989, 1990)
French OpenW (1984, 1986, 1987)
WimbledonF (1986, 1987)
US OpenW (1985, 1986, 1987)
Other tournaments
Tour FinalsW (1981, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1987)
Grand Slam CupSF (1991)
WCT FinalsW (1982, 1985)
Doubles
Career record187–140 (57.2%)
Career titles6
Highest rankingNo. 20 (May 12, 1986)
Grand Slam doubles results
Australian Open3R (1984)
French OpenSF (1980)
Wimbledon2R (1985)
US Open3R (1980)
Team competitions
Davis CupW (1980)
Coaching career
Coaching achievements
List of notable tournaments
(with champion)

2x Wimbledon (Murray)
US Open (Murray)
Olympic Gold Medal 2012, 2016 (Murray)
ATP Finals (Murray, Zverev)
World No. 1 ranking (Murray)

Tennis career

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Early life and career

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Lendl was born into a tennis family in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic). His parents were top players in Czechoslovakia, and his mother Olga, born Jeništová, was at one point ranked the No. 2 female player in the country.

Lendl first came to the tennis world's attention as a junior player. In 1978, he won the boys' singles titles at both the French Open and Wimbledon and was the world No. 1 ranked junior player.

Lendl turned professional in 1978. After reaching his first top-level singles final in 1979, he won seven singles titles in 1980, including three tournament wins in three consecutive weeks. Lendl was part of Czechoslovakia's Davis Cup winning team that year. He was the driving force behind the country's team in the first half of the 1980s, and was also part of the Czechoslovak team that won the World Team Cup in 1981 and was runner-up in 1984 and 1985. However, he stopped playing in these events after he moved to the United States in 1986 because Czechoslovakia's Tennis Association viewed him as an "illegal defector" from their country.

The success continued in 1981, as he won ten titles, including his first season-ending Masters Grand Prix tour title, defeating Vitas Gerulaitis in five sets. He relocated to the United States in 1981, first living at the home of mentor and friend, Wojtek Fibak.

In 1982, he won 15 of the 23 singles tournaments he entered and had a 44-match winning streak.

Lendl competed on the World Championship Tennis (WCT) tour, where he won all ten tournaments he entered, including his first WCT Finals, where he defeated John McEnroe in straight sets. He faced McEnroe again in the Masters Grand Prix final and won in straight sets to claim his second season-ending championship of the WCT. In an era when tournament prize money was rising sharply due to the competition between two circuits (Grand Prix and WCT), Lendl's title victories quickly made him the highest-earning tennis player of all time.

Lendl won another seven tournaments in 1983; however, he had not won any Grand Slam titles in the early years of his career. He reached his first Grand Slam final at the French Open in 1981, where he lost in five sets to Björn Borg.[11] Lendl's second came at the US Open in 1982, where he was defeated by Jimmy Connors, not being able to cope "with Connors' penetrating, sharply-angled groundstrokes into the corners, or his net-charging attacks".[12] In 1983, he was the runner-up at the Australian Open (to Mats Wilander) and the US Open (to Connors).[13]

In July 1983, Lendl played three exhibition matches (against Johan Kriek, Kevin Curren, and Jimmy Connors) in Sun City, South Africa, in the apartheid-era bantustan of Bophuthatswana.[14] The Czechoslovak Sport Federation (ČSTV), controlled by the Communist Party, expelled him from the Czechoslovak Davis Cup team and fined him $150,000.[15] Lendl disputed the punishment and the fine.

Prime years

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Ivan Lendl in the final of the 1984 ABN World Tennis tournament in Rotterdam

In 1984, Lendl bought his own house in Greenwich, Connecticut. Lendl's first Grand Slam title came at the 1984 French Open, where he defeated McEnroe in a long final. Down two sets to love, and trailing 4–2 in the third set, Lendl came back to claim the title 3–6, 2–6, 6–4, 7–5, 7–5. McEnroe subsequently beat Lendl in straight sets in both finals of the US Open 1984 and Volvo Masters 1984 (played in January 1985).

Lendl lost in the final of the 1985 French Open to Mats Wilander.[16] He then faced McEnroe again in the final of the US Open, winning in straight sets. He reached the WCT Finals for the second and last time, defeating Tim Mayotte in three sets. He also won the Masters Grand Prix title for the third time, defeating Boris Becker in straight sets. He was upset by 19-year old and No. 6 Stefan Edberg in the semifinals of the 1985 Australian Open in an epic spread over two days.[17][18][19]

Lendl won the French Open title in 1986, beating Mikael Pernfors in the final.[20] He reached the Wimbledon final for the first time, but lost to Boris Becker in straight sets.[21] At the US Open, Lendl beat Edberg in straight sets in the semi finals[22] and Miloslav Mecir in straight sets in the final.[23] Lendl beat Becker in straight sets in the season-ending Masters.

Lendl lost in the 1987 Australian Open semi finals to Pat Cash.[24] He won the French Open, beating Wilander in a four-set final that finished in semi-darkness and pouring rain.[25] At Wimbledon he beat Edberg in the semi finals in four sets[24] before losing in straight sets to Cash in the final.[26] In the US Open final, Lendl was suffering from influenza, but outlasted Wilander in a match lasting 4 hours and 47 minutes (the longest singles final in the tournaments history,[27] surpassed the following year). Lendl won the Masters Grand Prix championship title in three sets over Wilander.[28] This took him to his fifth and last Grand Prix year-end tour title.

In each year from 1985 through 1987, Lendl's match-winning percentage was over 90%. This record was equalled by Roger Federer in 2004–2006, but Lendl remains the only male tennis player with over 90% match wins in five different years (1982 was the first, 1989 the last). From the 1985 US Open to the 1988 Australian Open, Lendl reached ten consecutive Grand Slam singles semifinals — a record that was broken by Federer at the 2007 Australian Open.

In 1988 Lendl reached just one Grand Slam final, losing the US Open final to Wilander in five sets in 4 hours 54 minutes (the longest US singles final to that point).[29] Lendl began 1989 by winning his first Australian Open title with a straight sets final victory over Miloslav Mečíř, and went on to win 10 titles out of 17 tournaments he entered. He lost the US Open final to Becker, which was the last of eight consecutive US Open finals that Lendl contested.[30] Lendl successfully defended his Australian Open title in 1990 when Edberg retired in the final.

The only Grand Slam singles title Lendl never managed to win was Wimbledon. In 1990, Lendl put in intensive efforts to train and improve his grass court game. He switched to a larger headed racket and skipped the 1990 French Open in order to spend more time practising on grass. He won the Queen's Club Championships, with comfortable straight-set victories over McEnroe in the semi-final and Becker in the final, but was unable to reproduce this form at Wimbledon, and although he reached the semi-finals for the seventh time in eight years, he looked "tight and inhibited" in losing to eventual champion Stefan Edberg in straight sets.[31]

Later career

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Lendl remained near the top of the rankings in 1991. He skipped the French Open again to focus on Wimbledon, but lost in the third round against David Wheaton, and was never to win the Wimbledon title. The Australian Open in January that year, where he lost in four sets to Becker, was his last Grand Slam final.[32]

Lendl was well known for his meticulous and intensive training and physical conditioning regime, and his scientific approach to preparation and playing. As part of his preparations for the US Open, he hired the same workers who laid the hardcourt surfaces at Flushing Meadows each year to install an exact copy in the grounds of his home in Greenwich, Connecticut.

Lendl announced his retirement from professional tennis on December 21, 1994, aged 34, due to chronic back pain.[33][34] His last professional match prior to that had been his defeat in the second round of the US Open in 1994, three and a half months earlier.

Lendl won a career total of 94 ATP singles titles (plus 57 other non-ATP tournaments, a total of 151 singles titles) and 6 doubles titles, and his career total prize money of U.S. $21,262,417 was a record at the time. In 2001, he was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.

Return to the court

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On April 10, 2010, Lendl returned to play in the Caesars Tennis Classic exhibition match in Atlantic City, New Jersey, against his rival from the late 1980s, Mats Wilander, his first tournament since his retirement in 1994. He lost the one-set match 3–6.

On February 28, 2011, Lendl returned to the court again in an exhibition match against McEnroe at Madison Square Garden in New York City. It was planned to be a one-set, first-to-eight event. However, McEnroe, leading 6–3, injured his ankle and had to retire from the match.

In May 2012, Lendl played in Prague in the 2012 Sparta Prague Open tournament. He defeated fellow Czech Jiří Novák in the exhibition match.[35]

Coaching career

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Lendl (far right) talking to Judy Murray.

On December 31, 2011, Lendl was appointed to coach Andy Murray.[36] Lendl has been credited with improving Murray's maturity and consistency, guiding him to his first two Grand Slam victories in the 2012 US Open and 2013 Wimbledon Championships.[37] On winning the US Open in 2012, Murray became the second player in the Open Era, after Lendl, to have lost their first four Grand Slam finals, and won the fifth.[37] On March 19, 2014, it was announced that Lendl and Murray would be ending their two-year coaching partnership.

On June 12, 2016, Lendl rejoined Andy Murray's coaching team. By the end of 2016, Murray had become world No. 1, having won his second Wimbledon title, third major championship overall, second Olympic gold medal in singles, and his first ATP World Tour Finals title, defeating Novak Djokovic.[38]

In August 2018, Lendl joined Alexander Zverev's team.[39] They split up in July 2019 due to disappointing results in 2019 and personal differences. Zverev has stated that Lendl was more interested in his dog or his golf game than in professional coaching.[40]

Playing style

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Nicknamed "The Terminator" and "Ivan the Terrible",[41] Lendl's forehand was hit hard and with topspin, which allowed him to dictate from the back of the court. His trademark shot was his running forehand, which he could direct either down the line or cross-court.[citation needed]

Early in his career, Lendl played a sliced backhand, but in the early 1980s he learned to hit his backhand with significant topspin. This shift allowed him to defeat John McEnroe in 1984 in the French Open, Lendl's first Grand Slam victory. In the first two sets, McEnroe used his habitual proximity to the net to intercept Lendl's cross-court passing shots. In the third set, Lendl started using lobs, forcing McEnroe to distance himself from the net to prepare for the lobs. McEnroe's further distance from the net opened the angles for Lendl's cross-court passing shots, which ultimately gained Lendl points and turned the match around.[citation needed]

Equipment

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At the beginning of his professional career, Lendl used Adidas clothing and Kneissl rackets, subsequently changing to Adidas rackets. Toward the end of his days on the ATP tour, Lendl ended his long-term clothing, shoe, and racket deal with Adidas. He signed with Mizuno, and finally began to play with a mid-sized racket very similar to the Adidas racket he had used throughout most of his career.[citation needed]

Career statistics

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Main article: Ivan Lendl career statistics

Grand Slam tournament performance timeline

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Key
W  F  SF QF #R RR Q# DNQ A NH
(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (NH) not held; (SR) strike rate (events won / competed); (W–L) win–loss record.
Czechoslovakia United States
Name 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 SR W–L Win %
Australian Open A A 2R A A F 4R SF NH SF SF W W F QF 1R 4R 2 / 12 48–10 82.76
French Open 1R 4R 3R F 4R QF W F W W QF 4R A A 2R 1R 1R 3 / 15 53–12 81.54
Wimbledon A 1R 3R 1R A SF SF 4R F F SF SF SF 3R 4R 2R A 0 / 14 48–14 77.42
US Open A 2R QF 4R F F F W W W F F QF SF QF 1R 2R 3 / 16 73–13 84.88
Win–loss 0–1 4–3 9–4 9–3 9–2 20–4 20–3 20–3 20–1 24–2 20–4 21–3 16–2 13–3 12–4 1–4 4–3 8 / 57 222–49 81.92

Grand Slam finals

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Lendl reached 19 Grand Slam singles finals in his career. He won eight titles, and was a runner-up in 11.

Result Year Championship Surface Opponent Score
Loss 1981 French Open Clay   Björn Borg 1–6, 6–4, 2–6, 6–3, 1–6
Loss 1982 US Open Hard   Jimmy Connors 3–6, 2–6, 6–4, 4–6
Loss 1983 US Open Hard   Jimmy Connors 3–6, 7–6(7–2), 5–7, 0–6
Loss 1983 Australian Open Grass   Mats Wilander 1–6, 4–6, 4–6
Win 1984 French Open Clay   John McEnroe 3–6, 2–6, 6–4, 7–5, 7–5
Loss 1984 US Open Hard   John McEnroe 3–6, 4–6, 1–6
Loss 1985 French Open Clay   Mats Wilander 6–3, 4–6, 2–6, 2–6
Win 1985 US Open Hard   John McEnroe 7–6(7–1), 6–3, 6–4
Win 1986 French Open (2) Clay   Mikael Pernfors 6–3, 6–2, 6–4
Loss 1986 Wimbledon Grass   Boris Becker 4–6, 3–6, 5–7
Win 1986 US Open (2) Hard   Miloslav Mečíř 6–4, 6–2, 6–0
Win 1987 French Open (3) Clay   Mats Wilander 7–5, 6–2, 3–6, 7–6(7–3)
Loss 1987 Wimbledon Grass   Pat Cash 6–7(5–7), 4–6, 5–7
Win 1987 US Open (3) Hard   Mats Wilander 6–7(7–9), 6–0, 7–6(7–4), 6–4
Loss 1988 US Open Hard   Mats Wilander 4–6, 6–4, 3–6, 7–5, 4–6
Win 1989 Australian Open Hard   Miloslav Mečíř 6–2, 6–2, 6–2
Loss 1989 US Open Hard   Boris Becker 6–7(2–7), 6–1, 3–6, 6–7(4–7)
Win 1990 Australian Open (2) Hard   Stefan Edberg 4–6, 7–6(7–3), 5–2 retired
Loss 1991 Australian Open Hard   Boris Becker 6–1, 4–6, 4–6, 4–6

Records

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All-time

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  • These records cover the entire period of tennis from 1877.

Open Era

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Awards and recognition

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Lendl was the International Tennis Federation's World Champion on four occasions (1985, 1986, 1987, 1990) and the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Player of The Year three times (1985, 1986, 1987). Earlier in his career, he was also named ATP Most Improved Player, in 1981.

Due to his achievements, Lendl is often considered among the greatest tennis players in the sport's history.[50][51] In his book Modern Encyclopedia of Tennis, Bud Collins included Lendl in his list of the greatest men's tennis players of the period 1946–1992. Tennis magazine described Lendl as "the game's greatest overachiever" in its 40th anniversary series.[52][50] In 1986, North Korea issued a postage stamp featuring Lendl.[53]

Personal life

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US citizenship

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Lendl successfully applied for a U.S. Permanent Resident Card in 1987, hoping to obtain U.S. citizenship in time to represent the US in the 1988 Olympic Games and in the Davis Cup. A bill in Congress to bypass the traditional five-year waiting procedure was rejected in 1988 because Czechoslovak authorities refused to provide the necessary waivers.[54] He became a U.S. citizen on July 7, 1992.[55]

Family

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On September 16, 1989, six days after competing in the final of the US Open versus Boris Becker, Lendl married Samantha Frankel.[56] They have five daughters: Marika, twins Isabelle and Caroline, Daniela, and Nikola.[57] Two of his daughters (Marika and Isabelle) were members of the University of Florida Women's Golf Team.[58][59] Daniela was a member of the University of Alabama Women's Golf Team.[60] His daughter Caroline was a part of the University of Alabama Women's Rowing Team for the 2011–2012 academic year, and his daughter Nikola was an instructor at SoulCycle.[61]

Other activities

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After finishing his tennis career in 1994, Lendl took up golf, reaching a handicap of 0 and achieving a win on the Celebrity Tour. Lendl has played in the Gary Player Invitational charity Pro-Am several times,[citation needed] and organized a charity competition in 2004 called the Ivan Lendl Celebrity Golf Tournament. Still competitive at the mini-tour levels, Lendl now spends much of his time managing his daughters' golfing careers.

Lendl had a nearly complete collection of posters by Alfons Mucha. The collection was exhibited in Prague in 2013.[62][63] He sold the collection in 2014 to Czech businessman Richard Fuxa for 3.5 million dollars.[64]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Known as "Masters Grand Prix" (1970–1989) and "ATP Tour World Championships" (1990–1999).
  2. ^ Philadelphia, Miami, Las Vegas, Forest Hills, Monte Carlo, Hamburg, Rome, Canada, Cincinnati, Stockholm, Tokyo.

References

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  1. ^ Potter, Jerry (December 7, 2006). "Fatherhood, golf keep Lendl busy". USA Today. Archived from the original on December 10, 2006. Retrieved July 25, 2012. He lives with his family in Florida, splitting time between Vero Beach and Bradenton
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  7. ^ a b "ATP World Tour Finals: Counting Down the All-Time Top 10 Champions". Bleacher Report. Archived from the original on February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
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  9. ^ "The 20 greatest tennis players of the Open era: Where do Rafael Nadal and Roger Federer feature?". The Telegraph. July 18, 2017. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
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  24. ^ a b "Pat Cash slips right into final". The Canberra Times. July 5, 1987. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
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  30. ^ "Becker wins first US Open". The Canberra Times. September 12, 1989. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  31. ^ "It will be a case of how they wake up". The Canberra Times. July 8, 1990. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
  32. ^ "Speechless Becker becomes world No 1". The Canberra Times. January 28, 1991. Retrieved September 28, 2024.
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  34. ^ De Jonge, Peter (June 20, 2012). "Can Ivan Lendl Lead Andy Murray to Tennis Greatness?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 8, 2014. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
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  37. ^ a b Ornstein, David (September 8, 2012). "Andy Murray beats Tomas Berdych to reach US Open final". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
  38. ^ Pierce Newberry. (June 12, 2016). Andy Murray says Ivan Lendl has rejoined his coaching team Archived August 5, 2018, at the Wayback Machine BBC, Retrieved June 12, 2016.
  39. ^ "Alexander Zverev stuns Novak Djokovic to win ATP Finals in London". BBC Sport. November 19, 2018. Archived from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
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  42. ^ Garcia, Gabriel. "All Time Records: Indoor Finals Streak". app.thetennisbase.com. Madrid, Spain: Tennismem SL. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  43. ^ Garcia, Gabriel. "All Time Record: Consecutive Years at least 1 Grand Slam Final". app.thetennisbase.com. Madrid, Spain: Tennismem SL. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  44. ^ Gracia, Gabriel. "All Time Record: All Four Grand Slam Finals". app.thetennisbase.com. Madrid, Spain: Tennismem SL. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  45. ^ Clarey, Christopher (July 8, 2012). "Federer Beats Murray, and Britain, for Seventh Wimbledon Title". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 8, 2013. Retrieved July 9, 2012. The only other man in the Open era to lose his first four major finals is Ivan Lendl...
  46. ^ "Djokovic Completes Historic Two-Set Comeback In Roland Garros Final". Association of Tennis Professionals. June 13, 2021. Archived from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
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  48. ^ a b "US Open Singles Record Book" (PDF). US Open. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  49. ^ Gross, Jane (1984). "Mcenroe Overcomes Lendl in Final by 6-3, 6-4, 6-4". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 1, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
  50. ^ a b Tennis magazine ranked Lendl the fifth best male player of the period 1965–2005.
  51. ^ "Ivan Lendl - Top 10 Men's Tennis Players of All Time". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on September 18, 2010. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
  52. ^ "40 Greatest Players of the Tennis Era". Tennis magazine. Archived from the original on November 12, 2006.
  53. ^ USSR Philately (in Russian) (4). Moscow: cover's 4th page. April 1991. ISSN 0130-5689. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  54. ^ "Lendl's bid to get U.S.citizenship earlier denied". The New York Times. September 6, 1988. Archived from the original on October 30, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
  55. ^ "Lendl becomes U.S.citizen". The New York Times. July 8, 1992. Archived from the original on October 30, 2023. Retrieved June 28, 2007.
  56. ^ "Lendl gets married". The New York Times. September 19, 1989. Archived from the original on October 30, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
  57. ^ Arkush, Michael (May 24, 2007). "The education of Ivan Lendl – a golfing dad". ESPN. Archived from the original on April 3, 2016. Retrieved March 21, 2016.
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  60. ^ "2012-13 Women's Golf Roster". Rolltide.com. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
  61. ^ "What does the following say about Lendl?". Tennis Planet.me. Archived from the original on February 10, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
  62. ^ Willoughby, Ian (April 30, 2013). "Lendl: Mucha is only artist that interests me". Radio Prague. Archived from the original on June 14, 2013. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
  63. ^ William Grimes (September 10, 1993). "Posters: Populist Art For the Collector". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 13, 2013. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
  64. ^ Chris Johnstone (April 15, 2014). "Ivan Lendl sells Alfons Mucha poster collection to Czech businessman". Radio Prague. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved March 7, 2020.

Further reading

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  • Jiří Janoušek, Pavel Vitouš (1990). Ivan Lendl. Prague, Czechoslovakia: Lidové nakladatelství. ISBN 80-7022-088-0. OCLC 13268682. (in Czech)
  • Ivan Lendl, George Mendoza (1986). Hitting Hot: Ivan Lendl's 14-day Tennis Clinic. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-55407-8.
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