Wikipedia

Gallipoli Star

(Redirected from Iron Crescent)
For the Commonwealth medal, see Gallipoli Star (Commonwealth).

The Ottoman War Medal (Turkish: Harp Madalyası) was a military decoration awarded by the Ottoman Empire. It was commonly known in English as the Gallipoli Star and in German as the Eiserner Halbmond (Iron Crescent, in allusion to the Iron Cross). It was instituted by Sultan Mehmed V on 1 March 1915 for gallantry in battle. This decoration was awarded for the duration of World War I to Ottoman and other Central Powers troops, primarily in Ottoman areas of engagement.

Gallipoli Star
Harp Madalyası
Gallipoli Star badge.
TypeDecoration
Awarded forGallantry in battle
Country Ottoman Empire
EligibilityTroops from the Central Powers
Campaign(s)Ottoman areas of engagement
StatusObsolete
Established1 March 1915 (1915-03-01)
Ribbon bar

Design and composition

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The Gallipoli Star was instituted by Mehmed V.

The award includes a badge, ribbon and campaign bar.

The medal, made of nickel-plated brass, has a vaulted star-shaped badge, 56 mm across the diagonal span of the arms. The tips of the star are capped by ball finials and enclosed in a raised silver edge with the field in red lacquer or enamel. A raised crescent, open at the top, encircles the center of the badge. Inside the crescent is the Tughra or cipher of the decoration's creator, Sultan Mehmed V Reşâd, over the date 1333 AH (AD 1915). The reverse is flat, unadorned and has a straight pin.

Along with the badge came a ribbon with red and white stripes. The dimensions of the ribbon for combatants are: red 2.5 mm; white, 5 mm.; red, 29 mm.; white, 5 mm.; red 2.5 mm. For non-combatant awardees, the colors are reversed.

The campaign bars were not originally for wear with the War Medal, but with the Imtiaz and Liakat Medals, but were often found worn on the ribbon of the War Medal. [1] The campaign bar is a right-pointing parabola of white at 56mm in length and 7mm in height. In the field is red Arabic script denoting the specific campaign, among which were:

Wear

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Ottoman and German officers wearing the War Medal

When in formal dress, the badge was worn at the center, below the right breast pocket. Wear of the badge was exclusive; in everyday wear was substituted by the ribbon. The ribbon was worn from the second hole in the tunic button.

For Austrian and German awardees (often members of the Asienkorps), the award took lower precedence to their own Iron Cross 2nd class, and the ribbon of the Iron Crescent was placed beneath that of the Iron Cross.

The ribbon could also be fashioned into a chest riband for placement on a ribbon bar when in undress.

The campaign bar was usually not worn.

Notable recipients

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Ottomans

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Austro-Hungarians

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Bulgarians

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Germans

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Others

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    Gallipoli Star badge with ribbon
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    Gallipoli Star riband
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    Gallipoli Star – Turkish manufacture
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    Gallipoli Star badge – B.B. & Co.
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    Gallipoli Star badge – Godet
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    Gallipoli Star badge – J.H. Werner
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    Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1916 with Ottoman decorations
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    Friedrich Freiherr Kreß von Kressenstein in Ottoman uniform.
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    Camillo Ruggera in Austro-Hungarian uniform with Gallipoli Star.

References

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  1. ^ Kurt-Gerhard Klietmann: Ordenskunde – Beiträge zur Geschichte der Auszeichnungen. Nr. 50. Die Ordens-Sammlung, Berlin 1976
  • Klietmann, Dr. Kurt-Gerhard, (1971): Deutsche Auszeichnungen: Ein Geschichte der Ehrenzeichen und Medaillen, Erinnerungs- und Verdienstabzeichen des Deutschen Reiches, der deutschen Staaten sowie staatlicher Dienststellen, Organisationen, Verbande usw. Vom 18. - 20. Jahrhundert. 2 Band. Deutsches Reich 1871- 1945. Berlin: Ordenssammlung.
  • ERMAN, M.Demir, (2012) Harp Madalyası - The Turkish War Medal - ISBN 978-605-125-484-5 - http://demirerman.wix.com/turkish-war-medal
  • ERMAN, M.Demir, (2023) Osmanlı-Türk Madalya ve Nişanları 1801-1923 The Ottoman-Turkish Medals and Orders- ISBN 978-605-87186-0-9 - http://demirerman.wix.com/turkish-war-medal
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