Henri Jacques Chrétien (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁi ʒak kʁetjɛ̃]; 1 February 1879, Paris – 6 February 1956, Washington, D.C.)[1] was a French astronomer and an inventor.
Henri Jacques Chrétien | |
|---|---|
 Chrétien at the Fourth Conference International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research at Mount Wilson Observatory, 1910 | |
| Born | 1 February 1879 |
| Died | 6 February 1956 |
| Nationality | French |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Astronomy |
| Institutions | Nice Observatory École supérieure d'optique |
Born in Paris, France, his most famous inventions are:
- the anamorphic widescreen process, using an anamorphic lens system called Hypergonar, that resulted in the CinemaScope widescreen technique, and
- the co-invention, with George Willis Ritchey, of the Ritchey–Chrétien telescope, an improved type of astronomical telescope, employing a system now used in virtually all large research telescopes.
He spent part of his early astronomical career at the Nice Observatory, which was close to his house, the Villa Paradou. The Villa was built by famous French architect Charles Garnier[2][citation needed] who also built the Nice Observatory and both the operas of Paris and Monaco. In 1995, the abandoned villa was acquired by the artist Rainer Maria Latzke, who restored it and added new murals to the existing frescoes.
Chrétien was one of the founders of the Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée and professor at the French "grande école" SupOptique (École supérieure d'optique).
Awards and honors
edit- The astronomical Chrétien International Research Grants awards are in honor of him[3]
- In 1901, Chrétien, Joseph Joachim Landerer and Thomas David Anderson jointly received the Prix Jules Janssen, the highest award of the Société astronomique de France (French Astronomical Society).
- Valz Prize from the French Academy of Sciences (1931)[4]
- The crater Chrétien on the Moon is named in his honor.[5]
- In 1955, he received an Academy Award for his work on the CinemaScope process
- The Pavillon Henri Chrétien, an historical building on the Nice Observatory site which is visible from the city of Nice, also bears his name.
Publications
editReferences
edit- ^ Lance Day & Ian McNeil, eds., Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology, 1995
- ^ Muriel., Emanuel (1994). Contemporary architects. St. James Press. ISBN 9781558621824. OCLC 30816307.
- ^ Chrétien International Research Grants Archived 2009-02-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Prix et Subventions Attribués en 1931: Prix Valz". Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences. 193: 1238. December 14, 1931.
- ^ "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Chrétien". International Astronomical Union (IAU) / USGS Astrogeology Science Center. Oct 18, 2010.