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Greenspoint, Houston

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Greater Greenspoint, also referred to as the North Houston District, is a 7-square-mile (18 km2) business district and a suburban neighborhood in northern Harris County, Texas, United States, located mostly within the city limits of Houston. Centered around the junction of Interstate 45 and Texas State Highway Beltway 8 near George Bush Intercontinental Airport, the area is a classic example of a planned edge city.[2] The initial 2,000-acre (8.1 km2) retail and office development centered around Greenspoint Mall was a project of the Friendswood Development Company during the 1970s and early 1980s.[3]

Greenspoint
Neighborhood and business district
Skyscrapers in the Greenspoint District
Skyscrapers in the Greenspoint District
District logo
Seal
Coordinates: 29°56′09″N 95°27′03″W / 29.9359459°N 95.4508066°W / 29.9359459; -95.4508066
Country United States
StateTexas
CountyHarris County
CityHouston
District created1991
Government
 • TypeManagement district
 • BodyNorth Houston District
Area
[1]
 • Total18.0 km2 (6.96 sq mi)
Population
 (2012)[1]
 • Total42,569
 • Density2,400/km2 (6,100/sq mi)
ZIP Code
77037
Area code(s)281, 346, 713, 832
Websitewww.northhouston.org

Greenspoint is one of Houston's major business districts, with 10.82 million square feet (1.005 million square metres) of office space.[4] The district's 2,880 companies host a workforce of nearly 50,000 people.[5][6][7][4] Major flooding events along Greens Bayou, which bisects the district, have put additional pressure on the area's large low-income population; nearly half of Greenspoint residents have an income of under $25,000 per year, well below the Houston median of over $44,000 per year.[8][3]

In order to create new infrastructure, boost public services (particularly safety), and spearhead urban planning, the Texas Legislature created the North Houston District in 1991. This special government entity is bounded by the Hardy Toll Road to the east, Airtex Boulevard to the north, Veterans Memorial Drive to the west, and West Road to the south.[9]

Geography

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Greenspoint is located at the junction of two major regional highways, Interstate 45 (the North Freeway) and Texas State Highway Beltway 8. The district is only 6 miles (9.7 km) west of George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH).

The district is straddled by Greens Bayou, a major tributary of Buffalo Bayou which flows from west to east. The bayou was extensively channelized in the 1970s to improve drainage from the then-new airport; however, rapid development within its environs has compromised its ability to handle high-volume rainfall events.[10] Over Construction also overwhelmed the bayou with uncontrolled sewage overflows in the 1970s and 1980s, and the waterway continues to struggle with water quality issues.[11][12]

In 2005, the Houston–Galveston Area Council identified Greenspoint as one of the most hazardous communities in Houston for pedestrians.[13]

Demographics

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The Greater Greenspoint super neighborhood, as defined by the City of Houston, had an estimated population of 42,569 people in 2012.[14] There were 13,859 households, of which 9,235 were family households.[14]

Greenspoint is overwhelmingly majority minority. The population is 5% non-Hispanic white, 29% non-Hispanic black, 66% Hispanic, and 1% Asian.[14] In the 2000 Census, the district was 10% non-Hispanic white, 34% non-Hispanic black, 53% Hispanic, 2% Asian, and 1% other.[14] Greenspoint's proportion of black and Hispanic people is significantly greater than that for Houston as a whole; the city was 26% non-Hispanic white, 23% non-Hispanic black, and 44% Hispanic in 2012.[14]

Since the 1980s, the proportion of families in Greenspoint has dramatically increased. In 2012, there were 13,859 households, of which 9,235 were family households.[14] Between 1990 and 2010, the number of people under the age of 18 in Greenspoint increased nearly sixfold, indicating the departure of young professionals and their replacement with low-income families in the area's apartment complexes.[8] The proportion of Greenspoint residents under 5 years of age is nearly double the city of Houston's.[14]

The Greenspoint area's median household income is significantly lower than the City of Houston's – $26,823 versus $44,648 in 2012.[14] Greenspoint's median household income declined slightly between 2000 and 2012 despite a 22% increase in the city's overall median household income during the same period.[14] A plurality (48%) of Greenspoint's residents make less than $25,000 per year.[14]

Greenspoint's population has lower levels of educational attainment than the city of Houston as a whole. Only 6% of Greenspoint residents had a bachelor's degree or higher in 2012, compared with 29% of Houston residents.[14] Conversely, 45% of Greenspoint residents have no high school diploma, compared with only 25% of Houstonians overall.[14]

History

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Suburban development first arrived in the area with the construction of Greenspoint Mall by development firm Federated Stores Realty in 1976. By contemporary standards, the 1.2-million-square-foot (110,000 m2) mall was state-of-the-art, with the interior designed to mimic an urban streetscape with extensive natural lighting and organic landscaping.[6] Early tenants included Foley's, Montgomery Ward, and Lord & Taylor.[6]

The arrival of the mall and its modern suburban amenities catalyzed a wave of development on the greenfield land surrounding it. In 1978, Friendswood Development Company, a subsidiary of oil giant Exxon, purchased hundreds of acres around the mall for the construction of what the Texas Observer described as a "world-class suburban business district, a hub for the corporate jet set."[15] The master plan included 5,000 apartment units and eight interconnected office towers.[15]

The onset of the 1980s oil glut in the middle of the decade harshly affected Exxon, which cut its workforce by 40%.[15] Greenspoint, faced with a glut of residential and commercial development, quickly lost its luxury appeal and price point.[15] Greenspoint Mall became the apex of a growing crime problem, and by the middle of the decade, motor vehicle theft was endemic to its large surface parking lot.[6] Crime problems in the Mall climaxed with the abduction and murder of Harris County Sheriff's deputy Roxyann Allee at the mall in 1991.[16] After frequent robberies in the parking lot and the infamous murder of deputy Roxyann Allee the mall was nicknamed "Gunspoint."[17] In 1998, Goldman Sachs purchased 24 Greenspoint-area apartment complexes, totaling 3.8 million square feet (350,000 square metres) of rentable space, for over $130 million.[18] 15 of those complexes were extensively renovated and merged into a large development known as "CityView", designed to appeal to higher-income young professionals.[19][18]

Since 2000, Greenspoint has suffered from multiple catastrophic flooding events, largely due to the presence of multiple high-density apartment complexes within the floodplain of Greens Bayou.[8] The bayou overtopped its banks in 2001 (Tropical Storm Allison), 2002, 2003, 2016 ("Tax Day" floods), and 2017 (Hurricane Harvey).[8][20] Three-quarters of the district's multi-family housing is located within a floodplain.[8]

After Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans, Louisiana in 2005, large groups of evacuees settled into apartment complexes in the area.[21]

In 2017, Greenspoint Mall entered into a contract for sale to an international investment group which seeks to replace the ailing complex with mixed-use development.[22]

By 2020 Amazon had established a warehouse in Greenspoint. R.A. Schuetz of the Houston Chronicle stated that a "revival" in Greenspoint was occurring.[23] In 2019 Florian Martin of Houston Public Media reported that year that the "Gunspoint" nickname was still in use and that despite an increase in development and a decline in the crime rate, that "It’s Not Quite Houston’s New Hotspot Just Yet".[24]

Economy

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Greenspoint contains 10.82 million square feet (1.005 million square metres) of office space hosting 2,880 companies with nearly 50,000 employees.[4] In 2010, Greenspoint was named one of the top five markets in the United States for logistics companies.[25]

Following the completion of a comprehensive new corporate campus in Spring, ExxonMobil withdrew completely from Greenspoint, abandoning approximately 2 million square feet (190,000 m2) of office space during the mid-2010s. This move severely impacted the district's office market, which saw its office occupancy rate plummet to 60% in 2015, making it the worst-performing office submarket in Greater Houston. Prior to its move, ExxonMobil had consolidated a variety of departments into the district, including computer operations and exploration. The corporation's investment in Greenspoint had been so substantial that it was responsible for the construction of an entire eight-story office building, Greenspoint Eight, in the mid-1990s.[26] ExxonMobil's presence expanded further in the 2000s, when it leased additional space and spent millions of dollars on infrastructure improvements.[27]

Corporate operations

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United Airline's North Houston Center

Greenspoint contains the headquarters of the following companies:

Additionally, these corporations have major operations in Greenspoint:

Former operations

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Former ExpressJet Airlines headquarters

Anadarko Petroleum was headquartered in the Anadarko Tower.[26] Around 2002, Anadarko moved to The Woodlands, Texas, Montgomery County.[36]

At one time the headquarters of Atofina (now Total Petrochemicals USA) were in an area in Houston in proximity to George Bush Intercontinental Airport and in proximity to the Greenspoint district.[9][37] The lease to the former space was scheduled to expire in 2010, but the company had the right to cancel its lease in 2007. The firm, which occupied a similar amount of square footage in the previous office that it has in its current office, planned to sublease the space from 2005 to 2007.[37]

Tax exemptions

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Due to efforts from the North Houston Greenspoint Chamber of Commerce, in May 2003 the Aldine Independent School District (AISD) ratified approval of the freeport tax exemptions, which waive ad valorem property taxes on types of business inventory. 150 of the 5,000 companies operating in the Greenspoint area qualified for freeport tax exemptions. The chamber asked the school district to exempt the taxes because neighboring school districts had adopted the exemption and put the territory in AISD in a competitive disadvantage. As of 2003 the portions of Greenspoint covered by the City of Houston are under a freeport tax exemption from the city government, while the areas of Greenspoint in unincorporated areas do not have that exemption.[38]

Government and infrastructure

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Local government and special districts

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Greater Greenspoint straddles the city limits of Houston, with portions lying in unincorporated Harris County. Since Greenspoint is not an incorporated area, it does not have fixed geographic boundaries.

 
Former Aldine Storefront of the Houston Police Department

The portion of Greenspoint within Houston is part of Houston City Council district B.[39] The Houston Police Department (HPD) serves the Houston portions of Greenspoint from the North Belt Police Station.[40] The station, in a temporary office building location was of 2020, opened in January 2018.[41] HPD previously served it as part of the North Patrol Division,[42] While Greenspoint was a part of the North District, HPD operated two "storefronts" – small police stations located in retail centers – in the area: Aldine Storefront along Interstate 45 near Airline Drive and Greenspoint Storefront on the grounds of Greenspoint Mall.[43][44]

Greenspoint is serviced by a special management district, the North Houston District, which was created by the Texas Legislature in 1991 to fund infrastructure, public safety, branding, and planning initiatives.[45] The district levies its own special ad valorem commercial property tax on parcels within its boundaries to fund these improvements.[46] The entity was known as the Greenspoint District until 2016, when it was renamed to reflect its incorporation of areas outside the traditional boundaries of Greenspoint.[47]

The Greater Greenspoint Redevelopment Authority (GGRA), which oversees the Greenspoint Tax Increment Reinvestment Zone (TIRZ), is a separate entity from the North Houston District. TIRZs, which are created by the City of Houston (as opposed to the Texas Legislature), use tax increment financing to fund infrastructure and economic development projects within their boundaries.[48] While the North Houston District and the GGRA often cooperate to create, manage, and fund infrastructure projects, they are distinct legal entities with different geographic boundaries.

The Houston Fire Department operates Station 74 Greenspoint, located in Fire District 64.[49] The station at Airline and Goodson was built in 1979; the location was shared with the Little York Volunteer Fire Department. The current Station 74, located at Aldine Bender at Lillja, was built in 1983.[50]

Federal and state representation

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The United States Postal Service operates the Greens North Post Office at 1530 Greensmark Drive.[51]

The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Houston Field Office and the Houston office of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement are in Greenspoint and in Houston.[52][53]

Education

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Community colleges

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Lone Star College-Houston North Greenspoint Center

Lone Star College-Houston North (part of the Lone Star College System), is located along Beltway 8; it is on the south side of Beltway 8 while Greenspoint Mall is on the north side.[9] The center was previously the administrative headquarters of the Lone Star College system, before it moved to The Woodlands.[54] Lone Star College-North Harris also serves much of the area.

Primary and secondary schools

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Aldine High School

Most students living in Greenspoint are zoned to the Aldine Independent School District; however, some are zoned to the Spring Independent School District.[9]

Aldine Independent School District

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Aldine ISD serves much of the Greenspoint district.[9][55]

PreK schools serving sections of Greenspoint include deSantiago, Griggs, Hinojosa (in Aldine), Keeble, and Magrill.[56]

Elementary schools serving sections of Greenspoint include Greenspoint (in Greenspoint), Black, Bussey (in Greenspoint), Calvert, Eckert, Gray (in Greenspoint), Marcella (in Greenspoint), Spence (in Greenspoint), Stehlik (in Greenspoint), and Thompson.[57] Marcella and Stehlik were previously grade 5-6 intermediate schools.[58][59]

Middle schools serving Greenspoint include Stovall (in Greenspoint), Lewis, Plummer, and Teague.[60]

Aldine High School and Benjamin O. Davis High School are located in Greenspoint and serve portions of the district. Nimitz High School serves a small section.[61] When Davis High School opened in 2012, a portion of Greenspoint was rezoned to that school.[62]

 
Thomas J. Stovall Middle School in Greenspoint

Spring Independent School District

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None of the Spring ISD schools serving Greenspoint are in Greenspoint. Clark Primary and Clark Intermediate School, in an unincorporated area, serve one portion of Greenspoint for elementary school. Heritage Elementary School, in an unincorporated area, serves another.[63][64] The SISD portion is also zoned to Wells Middle School and Dekaney High School, both in unincorporated areas.[65][66]

Public libraries

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Aldine Branch

The Harris County Public Library Aldine Branch, located at 11331 Airline Drive in Greenspoint and in Houston, serves the community.[67] The 13,268-square-foot (1,232.6 m2) branch opened in 1976. The renovated Aldine Branch reopened on September 6, 2001.[9][68] The expansion and renovation was originally scheduled to be completed in January 2001.[67] Due to the expansion, the library gained 6,000 square feet (560 m2), which led to increases in meeting spaces and a 100% increase in the number of computers. Students from Aldine High School, Aldine 9th Grade School, Stovall Middle School, and Black Elementary School use the branch.[69]

Parks and recreation

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The management district destroyed two abandoned apartment complexes and replaced them with parks operated by the management district.[70] The 2.5 acres (1.0 ha) CityView Park includes benches, a garden, a 30-foot (9.1 m) by 30-foot (9.1 m) pavilion, a trellis, a seat wall used for resting and providing shade, and tables. The 11 acres (4.5 ha) Thomas R. Wussow Park has baseball/soccer (football) fields, hike and bicycle trails, a playground, a public pavilion, a spray ground, and sand volleyball courts. The park was named after Thomas R. Wussow, the founder of the district and a member of the district's board.[71]

In 2010 the management district announced that a 10 acres (4.0 ha) skate park would be established by 2010 in an area at Kuykendahl Road at Rankin Road, near Interstate 45.[72]

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Super Neighborhood Resource Assessment – Greater Greenspoint" (PDF). City of Houston. August 2014. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
  2. ^ Lang, Robert (2003). Edgeless Cities: Exploring the Elusive Metropolis. Brookings Institution Press. pp. 65–66. ISBN 9780815706120. greenspoint edge city.
  3. ^ a b Bivins, Ralph. "Exxon mulls move to Greenspoint site." Houston Chronicle. Wednesday December 13, 1989. Business 3. Retrieved on August 3, 2009.
  4. ^ a b c "North Houston District Submarket Report: January–June 2011" (PDF). North Houston District. July 2017. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
  5. ^ "North Houston District Business Summary" (PDF). North Houston District. 2016-09-30. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  6. ^ a b c d Gonzales, J.R. (2016-08-05). "A look back as Greenspoint Mall turns 40". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
  7. ^ Pittman, Steve (2001-11-29). "Greenspoint area focuses on improving its image". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
  8. ^ a b c d e Rogers, Susan (2016-04-22). "Greenspoint, poverty and flooding". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Boundary Map Archived 2010-10-19 at the Wayback Machine." (Full map Archived 2014-12-22 at the Wayback Machine) Greenspoint Management District. Retrieved on May 19, 2009.
  10. ^ "Greens Bayou Watershed" (PDF). Houston-Galveston Area Council. April 2001. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
  11. ^ SUSAN, FRIESELL (2010-06-15). "GREENS BAYOU". tshaonline.org. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  12. ^ "Eight Total Maximum Daily Loads for Indicator Bacteria in Greens Bayou Above Tidal and Tributaries" (PDF). Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. June 2010. Retrieved 2017-09-12.
  13. ^ Wall, Lucas, Bill Murphy, and Rosanna Ruiz. "Suburbs often are hazardous to walkers / Two recent deaths point to lack of protection for pedestrians." Houston Chronicle. March 29, 2005. A1.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Super Neighborhood Resource Assessment – Greater Greenspoint" (PDF). City of Houston. August 2014. Retrieved 2017-09-18.
  15. ^ a b c d Caldwell, Leah (2013-02-06). "Exxon's Utopian Vision For North Houston Is Eerily Familiar". The Texas Observer. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  16. ^ Donchey, Sara (September 30, 2016). "Large reward offered in 1991 murder case of Deputy Roxyann Allee". KPRC.
  17. ^ "ONLINE DOCUMENT: HOUSTON MOVES TO SWEEP UP GANGS, SEES THE STATISTICS DROP". www.Deseret.com. Deseret News. March 14, 1996.
  18. ^ a b Canon, Kim (2000-06-28). "Massive project sparks Greenspoint renovation effort". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  19. ^ Bivins, Ralph (November 1, 1998). "New hope resides in Greenspoint / an ambitious project attempts to rebuild blocks of apartments as well as a reputation". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2012-06-17. Retrieved August 3, 2009.
  20. ^ Elliott, Rebecca (2017-08-27). "Greenspoint-area residents again face devastation". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  21. ^ Turner, Allan (January 20, 2006). "Evacuees landed in high-crime ZIP codes". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved October 23, 2011.
  22. ^ Blunt, Katherine (2017-08-11). "Struggling Greenspoint Mall finds a buyer at last". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  23. ^ Schuetz, R.A. (2020-01-20). "As Greenspoint revival takes hold, worry that residents will be left behind". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2020-03-13.
  24. ^ Martin, Florian (2019-05-31). "Is Undergoing Major Changes But It's Not Quite Houston's New Hotspot Just Yet". Houston Public Media. Retrieved 2020-03-13.
  25. ^ Popovec, Jennifer Duell. "Greenspoint Attracts Large Industrial Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine." Globst.com by ALM. April 21, 2010. Retrieved on April 29, 2010.
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  27. ^ Sarnoff, Nancy. "ExxonMobil may be frontrunner for Enron Center South building." Houston Business Journal. Friday February 8, 2002. 1. Retrieved on April 5, 2010.
  28. ^ "SUPPLEMENTARY DECLARATION OF COVENANTS, CONDITIONS AND RESTRICTIONS ANNEXATION OF KINGS MANOR SECTION TWELVE (12) Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine." Kings Manor Association at SCS Management Services, Inc. Retrieved on August 2, 2009.
  29. ^ "550 Greens Parkway[permanent dead link]." PRS Realty. Retrieved on August 2, 2009.
  30. ^ "Contact Us Archived 2012-10-15 at the Wayback Machine." Nabors Industries. Retrieved on October 18, 2012. "515 W. Greens Road, Suite 1200 Houston, Texas 77067 "
  31. ^ "Saudi Offices in the United States Archived 2014-03-12 at the Wayback Machine." Embassy of Saudi Arabia Washington D.C. Retrieved on January 5, 2008.
  32. ^ "Contact Us Archived 2011-08-07 at the Wayback Machine." Servisair USA. Retrieved on September 13, 2011. "Servisair USA 151 Northpoint Drive Houston Texas USA 77060"
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  34. ^ "Houston Archived 2013-07-29 at the Wayback Machine." ASP Westward, L.P. Retrieved on April 14, 2014. "Houston Community Newspapers 523 N Sam Houston Parkway E, Suite 600 Houston, TX 77060"
  35. ^ "Contact Us." Retrieved on May 19, 2009. "CORPORATE MAILING ADDRESS 700 N. Sam Houston Parkway West, Suite 200 Houston, TX 77067"
  36. ^ "Article: Anadarko to Build New Headquarters in the Woodlands.[dead link]" PR Newswire. February 11, 1999
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  38. ^ Colley, Jenna. "New tax break may mean 'green' for Greenspoint." Houston Business Journal. Friday June 20, 2003. Retrieved on April 5, 2010.
  39. ^ City of Houston, Council District Maps, District B Archived 2012-06-25 at the Wayback Machine." City of Houston. Retrieved on November 5, 2011.
  40. ^ "hpd_beat_map.pdf" (PDF). City of Houston. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  41. ^ "North Belt". Houston Police Department. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  42. ^ "North". Houston Police Department. Retrieved 2020-03-11. - See map at: "Crime Statistics for North Patrol Division." Houston Police Department. Accessed October 27, 2008. (As of March 11, 2020 the later versions of this URL were not updated for 2018)
  43. ^ "HPD Beat Map." City of Houston. Retrieved on April 7, 2009.
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  45. ^ "Our History". North Houston District. 2017. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  46. ^ "Municipal Management Districts" (PDF). Texas Legislature. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  47. ^ Witthaus, Jack (2016-11-01). "Houston's Greenspoint District changes its name". Houston Business Journal. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
  48. ^ "Tax Increment Reinvestment Zones (TIRZs)". City of Houston. City of Houston. 2017. Retrieved 2017-09-13.
  49. ^ "Fire Stations." City of Houston. Retrieved on May 8, 2010.
  50. ^ "Station #74." City of Houston. Retrieved on May 22, 2009.
  51. ^ "Post Office Location - GREENS NORTH." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on May 19, 2009.
  52. ^ "Houston Field Office." (Archive) U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. Retrieved on May 7, 2010.
  53. ^ "Houston Contract Detention Facility Archived 2010-05-27 at the Wayback Machine." U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Retrieved on May 7, 2010.
  54. ^ "Designation of Agent to Receive Notification of Claimed Infringement." North Harris Montgomery Community College District. January 20, 2000. Retrieved on April 5, 2010.
  55. ^ "North Houston District Boundaries Map".
  56. ^ "ALDINE ISD EC/PK/KG SCHOOLS Archived 2018-01-27 at the Wayback Machine." Aldine Independent School District. Retrieved on January 27, 2018.
  57. ^ "ALDINE ISD ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS Archived 2018-01-27 at the Wayback Machine." Aldine Independent School District. Retrieved on January 27, 2018.
  58. ^ "Marcella Intermediate." Aldine Independent School District. Retrieved on February 6, 2011.
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  61. ^ "ALDINE ISD HIGH SCHOOLS Archived 2018-01-27 at the Wayback Machine." Aldine Independent School District. Retrieved on January 27, 2018.
  62. ^ "2012-2013 Boundary Map." (Archive) Benjamin O. Davis High School. Retrieved on December 9, 2011.
  63. ^ "Elementary Attendance Zones Archived 2010-12-21 at the Wayback Machine." Spring Independent School District. Retrieved on February 6, 2011.
  64. ^ "Elementary Attendance Zones 2010-2011 Archived 2011-01-25 at the Wayback Machine." Spring Independent School District. Retrieved on February 6, 2011.
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  67. ^ a b "WORTH READING ABOUT / Construction work under way on Barbara Bush branch library." Houston Chronicle. Wednesday September 20, 2000. ThisWeek 1. Retrieved on December 9, 2011.
  68. ^ "Aldine Branch Library Archived 2008-05-11 at the Wayback Machine." Harris County Public Library. Retrieved on November 29, 2008.
  69. ^ Sendejas, Jesse. "Aldine, Boettcher libraries take different routes to boost resources.' Houston Chronicle. Thursday October 25, 2001. Retrieved on December 9, 2011.
  70. ^ "Greater Greenspoint Redevelopment Authority Archived 2010-07-18 at the Wayback Machine." Greenspoint Management District. Retrieved on May 30, 2010.
  71. ^ "Greenspoint Parks Archived 2010-07-18 at the Wayback Machine." Greenspoint Management District. Retrieved on May 30, 2010.
  72. ^ Koloian, Kevin. "Skate park to go up in the area by 2012[permanent dead link]." The Spring Observer. Tuesday March 16, 2010. Updated on Saturday November 20, 2010. Retrieved on December 4, 2010.
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29°56′49″N 95°24′23″W / 29.94694°N 95.40639°W / 29.94694; -95.40639

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