British Business Bank plc (BBB) is a British state-owned economic development bank established by the UK Government. Its aim is to increase the supply of credit to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as well as providing business advice services. It is structured as a public limited company and is owned by the Department for Business and Trade (DBT, formerly known as the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills or BIS). The bank has its headquarters in Sheffield.
 | |
| Company type | State owned public limited company |
|---|---|
| Industry | Financial services Investments |
| Predecessors | |
| Founded | 1 November 2014 |
| Headquarters | , |
Area served | United Kingdom |
Key people |
|
| Owner | HM Government (Department for Business and Trade) |
| Subsidiaries |
|
| Website | www |
History
editThe intention to create a business bank was first announced by the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills, Vince Cable, in September 2012 with an initial £1 billion of government funding.[2] The aim was to bring a number of government financial schemes, advice services and expertise together, creating a one stop shop for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to go to. From 1 October 2013, Capital for Enterprise Limited (CfEL), BIS SME policy teams and private sector expertise were brought together within BIS to start the British Business Bank programme. On 2 December 2013 the Deputy Prime Minister, Nick Clegg, announced that the bank would be based in Sheffield, as well confirming an extra £250 million of government funding.[3] On 15 October 2014, the bank was granted state aid clearance from the EU Commission[4] and the programme was subsequently transferred from BIS to British Business Bank plc on 1 November 2014.[5]
Under her manifesto for the 2017 general election, Prime Minister Theresa May announced that the bank would take over from the European Investment Bank, after Brexit, receiving the UK funds hitherto earmarked for the European Investment Fund.[6] To support this expansion the bank would open new offices in Edinburgh, Manchester, Birmingham, Cambridge, Newport, and Bristol.
In 2018 the National Security Strategic Investment Fund (NSSIF) was created to provide long-term equity in advanced technologies relevant to national security, partly modeled on In-Q-Tel in the U.S.[7][8] The UK intelligence and security agencies, led by the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), will provide guidance to the investments. The kind of technologies previously developed within government have now often been commoditised and are produced in the private sector.[9][10]
Operations
editThe bank has taken on all financial schemes previously controlled by Capital for Enterprise Limited (CfEL), such as Enterprise Capital Funds, the Enterprise Finance Guarantee, Business Angel Co-investment Funds and the Small Firms Loan Guarantee. In addition, the bank ran the assessment process to select Bizfitech, Funding Xchange and Funding Options as designated finance platforms for the bank referral scheme.[11]
The bank mainly targets its assistance to companies with a turnover of up to £25 million. The bank does not lend to SMEs directly, but instead works with other financial institutions to increase access to funding, such as by providing part-guarantees for loans.[12]
The bank came under criticism from lender Rebuildingsociety.com in 2014 for its execution of the Funding for Lending scheme, saying it created unfair competition in the UK peer-to-peer lending industry by concentrating financial support via the largest platforms.[13]
After the January 2018 liquidation of Carillion threatened thousands of suppliers, particularly SMEs, £100 million of lending was offered by the British Business Bank[14] alongside a fund established by HSBC, Royal Bank of Scotland and Lloyds Bank.[15]
In 2020 the NSSIF was involved in the British Government decision to invest £400 million for a 45% stake in OneWeb, a struggling low Earth orbit satellite communications business.[7] It was reported that the UK would repurpose the satellites for the United Kingdom Global Navigation Satellite System,[16] but by September 2020 that strategy was being reconsidered.[17] The government's stake in OneWeb was diluted in July 2022 when the company was merged into French rival Eutelsat.[18]
In January 2022, as a result of a loan to the club being translated into shares, the bank became a minority interest in Bolton Wanderers F.C..
In February 2022, the bank launched its Sustainability Hub which aimed to alert smaller businesses to the commercial benefits of investing in decarbonisation.[19] The Hub's resources include articles on topics such as creating action plans, sustainable logistics, and how to a build a green supply chain.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Corporate information and subsidiary companies – British Business Bank". British Business Bank. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
- ^ "Lib Dem conference: Cable promises £1bn 'business bank'". BBC News. 24 September 2012. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
- ^ "Government's British Business Bank gets another £250m". The Guardian. 2 December 2013. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
- ^ "European Commission approves British Business Bank". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ^ "Lending already reaching smaller businesses for the British Business Bank on day 1". British Business Bank. 3 November 2014. Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ^ "Economic interventions sometimes justified, but Tories must remember government has limitations". Institute of Directors. 18 May 2017. Archived from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
- ^ a b Cook, James (18 July 2020). "The secretive UK fund behind the government's $500m investment in OneWeb". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ Long, Alexis (28 February 2020). "What the UK can learn from the US about national security innovation". Civil Service World. Dods Parliamentary Communications. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ Bond, David (25 September 2018). "Tech companies targeted in mission to develop new spy tools". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ "The National Security Strategic Investment Fund". British Business Bank. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ "Finance platform referrals policy". Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
- ^ "British Business Bank to target SMEs with potential". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
- ^ "Government interference risks distorting UK P2P market, say lenders". Financial Times. 26 October 2014. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
- ^ "Carillion collapse: UK puts up £100m to back Carillion contractor loans". BBC News. BBC. 3 February 2018. Archived from the original on 4 February 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ^ Gill, Oliver (18 January 2018). "Government sets up Carillion task force". City AM. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ^ "UK government takes £400 million stake in satellite firm OneWeb". BBC News. 3 July 2020. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
- ^ Foust, Jeff (25 September 2020). "U.K. to revise strategy for satellite navigation system". SpaceNews. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
- ^ Makortoff, Kalyeena (24 July 2022). "Satellite firm bailed out by UK to be taken over by French rival". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
- ^ "Sustainability". British Business Bank. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2022.