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Bourne, Lincolnshire

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Bourne is a market town and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the eastern slopes of the limestone Kesteven Uplands and the western edge of the Fens,[2] 11 miles (18 km) north-east of Stamford, 12 miles (19 km) west of Spalding and 17 miles (27 km) north of Peterborough. The population at the 2011 census was 14,456.[3] A 2019 estimate put it at 16,780.[4]

Bourne
Town and civil parish
Historic town centre, showing the town hall (with traditional Christmas tree), Burghley Arms and Lloyds Bank, all Victorian rebuilds of medieval originals
Bourne town centre
Map of ceremonial Lincolnshire, with position of Bourne located nearly in the centre of South Kesteven
Map of ceremonial Lincolnshire, with position of Bourne located nearly in the centre of South Kesteven
Bourne
Location within Lincolnshire
Population17,981 (2021 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceTF094202
• London90 mi (140 km) S
Civil parish
  • Bourne
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBOURNE
Postcode districtPE10
Dialling code01778
PoliceLincolnshire
FireLincolnshire
AmbulanceEast Midlands
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Lincolnshire
52°46′06″N 0°22′39″W / 52.7684°N 0.3775°W / 52.7684; -0.3775

History

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Baldock's Mill heritage centre

The Ancient Woodland of Bourne Woods is still extant, although much reduced. It originally formed part of the ancient Forest of Kesteven and is now managed by the Forestry Commission.

The earliest documentary reference to Brunna, meaning stream, is from a document of 960, and the town appeared in Domesday Book of 1086 as Brune.[2]

Bourne Abbey, (charter 1138), formerly held and maintained land in Bourne and other parishes. In later times this was known as the manor of Bourne Abbots. Whether the canons knew that name is less clear. The estate was given by the founder of the Abbey, Baldwin fitz Gilbert de Clare, son of Gilbert fitz Richard, and later benefactors. The abbey was established under the Arrouaisian order. Its fundamental rule was that of St Augustine and as time went on it came to be regarded as Augustinian. The Ormulum, an important Middle English Biblical gloss, was probably written in the abbey in around 1175.

Bourne Castle was built on land that is now the Wellhead Gardens in South Street.[5][6][7]

 
Toft Tunnel

Bourne was an important junction on the Victorian railway system, but all such connections were severed after the Second World War (see Railways section). The business stimulus it brought caused major development of the town and many of the buildings around the medieval street plan were rebuilt or at least refaced. Improved communications allowed a bottled-water industry to develop and coal to be delivered to the town's gas works.

The local authority at the time, Bourne Urban District Council, was active in the town's interests, taking over the gas works and the local watercress beds at times of financial difficulty and running them as commercial ventures. Large numbers of good-quality council houses were built in the early 20th century.

Bourne sent many men to both world wars but was otherwise not much affected. During the Second World War a German bomber shot down in May 1941 crashed into the Butcher's Arms public house in Eastgate. The landlord, his wife and eight soldiers billetted across the road were killed, as were the bomber's crew.[8] In a separate incident several bombs were dropped on the Hereward Camp.[9]

The town

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St. Peters' Pool, Wellhead Gardens. The pool referred to in the town's founding legend

The town is located on a Roman road now known as King Street. It was built around some natural springs, hence the name "Bourne" (or "Bourn"). which derives from the Anglo-Saxon burna or burne meaning "water" or "stream".[2] It lies on the intersection of two main roads: the A15 and the A151. The civil parish includes the main township along with the hamlets of Cawthorpe, Dyke and Twenty.[10] In former years Austerby was regarded as a separate settlement, with its own shops and street plan, but is now an area of Bourne known as The Austerby.(52°45′47″N 0°22′12″W / 52.763°N 0.370°W / 52.763; -0.370 (The Austerby)).[11]

 
Parish outline within Lincolnshire

The ecclesiastical parish of Bourne is part of the Beltisloe Deanery of the Diocese of Lincoln and based at the Abbey Church of St Peter and St Paul, in Church Walk.[12] Other religious congregations in the town include Methodist, Baptist, United Reformed and Roman Catholic churches.

Much of Bourne's 19th-century affluence came from the corn-trade boom that followed the mechanisation of fen drainage. The Corn Exchange in Abbey Road dates from 1870.[13]

Governance

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Signpost in Bourne

Lincolnshire County Council

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Bourne has two County Council divisions:

  • Bourne North and Morton
  • Bourne South and Thurlby

South Kesteven District Council

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Bourne has three District Council wards, two having two councillors and the new ward, Austerby, having three councillors.

  • Bourne East
  • Bourne West
  • Bourne Austerby

Bourne Town Council

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Bourne Town Hall (1821) by local architect Bryan Browning

Bourne Town Council has two wards which are identical to the South Kesteven District Council wards. Bourne East elects seven councillors to the town council and Bourne West eight.

From 1899 to 1974, Bourne had an urban district council in the former Parts of Kesteven. Under the Local Government Act 1972, Bourne UDC was dissolved into the newly formed South Kesteven district. Urban districts which disappeared in this way formed successor parishes and were given a dispensation to call their "parish" councils "town" councils, with their chairs to be known as mayor. These town councils were allowed to adopt the coat of arms granted to the former UDC.

A Bourne Rural District also existed from 1894 to 1931, when it was abolished to form part of a larger South Kesteven Rural District. The parish of Bourne had formed part of Bourne RD from 1894 to 1899. South Kesteven RDC had its own coat of arms, which disappeared along with that of Kesteven in 1974.

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Since October 1989, Bourne has been twinned with Doudeville, Seine Maritime, France.

Drainage

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Parts of west Bourne are drained by one of two internal drainage boards, The Black Sluice IDB[14] and the Welland and Deepings IDB.[15]

Many houses in Bourne pay additional drainage rates to these authorities. Details of the designated flood risk areas can be found on a number of government web sites.[16][17]

Education

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  • Bourne Abbey Church of England Academy (primary)
  • Bourne Grammar School (secondary with sixth form)
  • Bourne Academy formerly Robert Manning Technology College (secondary with sixth form)
  • Bourne Westfield Primary Academy (primary)
  • Willoughby School (Special Educational needs)
  • Bourne Elsea Park Primary Academy (primary)

Communications

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Road

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West Road

Bourne Market Place is at the crossroads of the A15 road and the B1193.

Bus

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There is a bus station at the top of North Street. The town's bus services provide a frequent public transport link to Peterborough, and are operated by the family-owned Delaine Buses. There is a daily long-distance coach between Grimsby and London Victoria, which stops at Bourne bus station.

Railways

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The railways around Bourne and Stamford in 1915

The first local railway was the Earl of Ancaster's estate railway, which ran from the East Coast Main Line at Little Bytham, through the Grimsthorpe estate to Edenham.[18]

Later Bourne had a railway station served by the Bourn and Essendine Railway (old spelling) line from Essendine[19] to Sleaford and by the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway (M&GN) connecting the Midlands to East Anglia.[20] Timetabled passenger services on both lines had ceased by the end of February 1959.[21]

Shipping

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The Bourne-Morton Canal or Bourne Old Eau connected the town to the sea in Roman times.

Until the mid-19th century, the present Bourne Eau was capable of carrying commercial boat traffic from the Wash coast and Spalding. This resulted from the investment following the Bourne Navigation Act of 1780. Passage became impossible once the junction of the Eau and the River Glen was converted from gates to a sluice in 1860.

Media

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Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and ITV Yorkshire. Television signals are received from the Belmont TV transmitter,[22] the Waltham TV transmitter can also be received which broadcast BBC East Midlands and ITV Central programmes. [23]

The town is served by both BBC Radio Cambridgeshire and BBC Radio Lincolnshire. Other radio stations including Greatest Hits Radio, Hits Radio Lincolnshire and Bourne Community Radio, a community based station.[24] [25]

Local newspapers are Bourne Local[26] and Stamford Mercury.

Sport

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Bourne Town Football Club plays football in the United Counties Football League,[27] whilst Bourne Cricket Club plays in the Lincolnshire ECB Premier League.[28] These teams play their home games at the Abbey Lawn, a recreation ground privately owned by the Bourne United Charities.[29]

Motor sports

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Motor Racing Memorial

The racing-car marques English Racing Automobiles (ERA) and British Racing Motors (BRM) were both founded in Bourne by Raymond Mays, an international racing driver and designer who lived in Bourne.[30] The former ERA and BRM workshops in Spalding Road are adjacent to Eastgate House, the Mays' family home in the town's Eastgate.[31] Pilbeam Racing Designs is also based in the town.[32]

Landmarks

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The Abbey and Parish Church of St Peter and St Paul

There are currently 71 listed buildings in the parish of Bourne, the most important being Bourne Abbey and the Parish Church of St Peter and St Paul (1138), which is the only one scheduled Grade I.

Notable people

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  • Bourne is reputedly the birthplace of Hereward the Wake (in about 1035), although the 12th-century source of this information, De Gestis Herwardi Saxonis,[33] refers only to his father as being "of Bourne" and to the father's house and retainers there.[34][35]
  • Robert Mannyng (1264–1340) is credited with putting the speech of the ordinary people of his time into recognisable form. He is better known as Robert de Brunne because of his long period of residence as a canon at Bourne Abbey. There he completed his life's work of popularising religious and historical material in a Middle English dialect that was easily understood at that time.[36]
  • William Cecil (1520–1598) became the first Lord Burghley after serving Queen Elizabeth I.[37] He was born at a house in the centre of Bourne that is now the Burghley Arms.
  • Dr William Dodd (1729–1777), was an Anglican clergyman, man of letters and forger. He was prosecuted, sentenced to death and publicly hanged at Tyburn in 1777.[38]
  • Charles Frederick Worth (1825–1895), son of a solicitor, lived at Wake House in North Street. He moved to Paris and became a renowned designer of women's fashion and the founder of haute couture. The French government awarded him the Légion d'honneur.[39]
  • Sir George White (1840-1912), MP for North West Norfolk, a seat he held for twelve years until he died in 1912. He was knighted for public service in 1907.
  • Lilian Wyles (1885–1975) was the first woman officer of the Metropolitan Police's CID in 1922. The only daughter of the Bourne brewer Joseph Wyles, she started her police career in the women patrols, assisting young girls at risk.
  • Raymond Mays (1899–1980), son of a local businessman, was a successful motor racing driver and manufacturer.

References

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  1. ^ "Bourne". City population. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Historic England. "Medieval town of Bourne (925899)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  3. ^ "Town population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  4. ^ City Population. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  5. ^ "Mr. Jacob's description of Bourne Castle".
  6. ^ Historic England. "Bourne Castle (348162)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 19 July 2010.
  7. ^ Cope-Faulkner, Paul (2002). Archaeological Watching Brief During Pipeline Trenching at Bourne Castle, Bourne, Lincolnshire (BCD 01). Archaeological Project Services.
  8. ^ Hurt, Fred (1994). Lincolnshire and Newark in the Wars. W. J. Harrison, Lincoln. p. 101.
  9. ^ "Bourne History, the History of Bourne, Motorsport in Bourne".
  10. ^ "Civil Parish details".
  11. ^ "list of local placenames". Archived from the original on 7 August 2008. Retrieved 20 September 2009.
  12. ^ "Ecclesiastical parish details". Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.
  13. ^ Needle, Rex. "The Corn Exchange". A Portrait of Bourne. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  14. ^ "Black Sluice IDB". Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  15. ^ "Welland and Deepings IDB". Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  16. ^ "Flood risk map". Environment agency. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  17. ^ "Flood risk and history map". South Kesteven district Council. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  18. ^ Historic England. "The Edenham Branch railway (1365600)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  19. ^ Historic England. "Bourne and Essendine railway (1365423)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  20. ^ Squires, Stewart; Hollamby, Ken (2009). Building a Railway: Bourne to Saxby. Lincoln Record Society. ISBN 978-0-901503-86-2. A remarkable collection of photographs by resident engineer Charles Stansfield Wilson, taken in 1890–1893, show the construction of this extension of the M&GN.
  21. ^ Historic England. "Midland & G N (1365034)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 21 December 2010.
  22. ^ "Belmont (Lincolnshire, England) Full Freeview transmitter". May 2004.
  23. ^ "Waltham (Leicestershire, England) Full Freeview transmitter". May 2004.
  24. ^ Moon, Suzanne (30 September 2023). "New Bourne radio station needs a home for its DJs". LincsOnline. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  25. ^ "Local Services in Bourne". Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  26. ^ Bourne Local website/
  27. ^ "Bourne Town F.C." United Counties Football League. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  28. ^ "Lincolnshire County Board Premier League". lcbpl.play-cricket.com. Lincolnshire County Board Premier League. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  29. ^ "Centuries of enjoyment for all at the Abbey Lawn". Bourne United Charities. 2010. Archived from the original on 15 August 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  30. ^ "The shambles, success and demise of Britain's first big F1 team". motorsport.com. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  31. ^ Richardsons Auctionrooms, History
  32. ^ "Interview: Design on the Hills, translated by Mike Pilbeam". Motorsport Magazine. June 1978. Archived from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  33. ^ Bevis, T. translator De Gestis Herwardi Saxonis Westrydale Press. (1982) ISBN 0-901680-28-1 Chapter II
  34. ^ De gestis Chapter XIV
  35. ^ Round, John Horace (1911). "Hereward" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). p. 363.
  36. ^ "Mannyng, Robert" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 591.
  37. ^ Pollard, Albert Frederick (1911). "Burghley, William Cecil, Baron" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). pp. 816–817.
  38. ^ "Dodd, William" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 367–368.
  39. ^ "Worth, Charles Frederick" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 834.
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  Media related to Bourne, Lincolnshire at Wikimedia Commons

 
Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Bourne.
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