George Buchanan Roden (January 17, 1938 – December 8, 1998) was an American leader of the Branch Davidian sect, a Seventh-day Adventist splinter group. In 1987, he was evicted from the Mount Carmel Center near Waco, Texas, by his rival David Koresh.[2] He was later confined in a Texas mental hospital for a 1989 murder until his own death in 1998.
George Roden | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | George Buchanan Roden January 17, 1938 Gregg, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | December 8, 1998 (aged 60) Big Spring, Texas, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Former leader of the Branch Davidians, Sabbath teacher |
| Known for |
|
| Criminal charge | Homicide |
| Criminal penalty | Not guilty by reason of insanity |
| Criminal status | Deceased |
| Spouse | Amo Bishop |
| Children | at least 1 (son)[1] |
| Parents |
|
Branch Davidians
editGeorge Roden was the presumed successor to his mother Lois Roden, who had become president of the Branch Davidians in 1978, when her husband and group leader Benjamin Roden had died. However, Vernon Howell (after 1990, known as David Koresh) arrived at Mount Carmel and began a sexual relationship with Lois Roden, who was then in her 60s.[3] Koresh justified their relationship by claiming that God had chosen him to father a child with her, who would be the Chosen One.[4] George Roden felt that his position of leadership was threatened and was deeply offended by Koresh's relationship with his mother. He filed a lawsuit in federal court alleging that Koresh had raped Lois and brainwashed her into turning against him.[3]
In 1984 or 1985, a fire destroyed a $500,000 administration building and press at Mount Carmel. Roden said Koresh started the fire, but Koresh replied that "no man set that fire" and that it was a judgment of God.[5] Roden, claiming to have the support of the majority of the cult, forced Koresh and his group off the property at gunpoint. Disturbed by the events, a further splinter group led by Charles Joseph Pace moved out of Mount Carmel Center and set up home in Gadsden, Alabama.[citation needed]
Koresh and about 25 followers settled in Palestine, Texas; Roden renamed Mount Carmel "Rodenville". In a videotaped interview, Roden led a tour of "Rodenville" using an M1 carbine as a pointer and declared: "It's basically a holy jihad, Khomeini versus Israel, that's what Vernon Howell has with me."[6]
In October 1987, Roden married Amo Paul Bishop (known as Amo P. Bishop Roden since then).[7] A month later, on November 3, 1987, Koresh and seven of his followers stormed Mount Carmel.
According to one version, Roden, resentful of Koresh's power over the Davidians, had challenged Koresh, saying that whoever could resurrect the dead was the true leader. Roden told the press he had exhumed a body only because he had been moving the community cemetery.[8] While Roden prayed over the body of Ana Hughes, who had died two decades earlier, Koresh reported Roden to the McLennan County sheriff's office for corpse abuse. The police told Koresh that he needed evidence to back up his accusation.[3]
On November 3, 1987, Koresh and seven followers returned to Mount Carmel heavily armed and wearing camouflage clothing. They stealthily entered the compound, allegedly to obtain a photograph. However, they did not bring a camera, but carried weapons and a map of the grounds with positions to occupy. They found Roden crouched behind a tree with an Uzi submachine gun, and a gun battle ensued for several minutes. Roden fled the property with wounds to his hand and chest. Koresh's companions were found not guilty after a two-week trial for attempted murder in Waco, and a mistrial was declared in Koresh's case. Their weapons, five .223-caliber semiautomatic rifles, two .22-caliber rifles, and two 12-gauge shotguns, which had been confiscated by the police, were returned, as well.[9] The shootout at Mount Carmel was described by The New York Times as a foretelling of the violence of the Waco siege.[3]
Koresh and his group started paying the back taxes for the property and treating it as their own.
In March 1988, Roden was put in jail for a total of nine months under contempt of court charges, first because of his use of foul language in court pleadings, and then for living on the property after being ordered to neither live on the property nor call himself the leader of the religious group in a 1979 case.[10] The next day, Koresh's followers moved from their headquarters in Palestine, Texas, to Mount Carmel.[citation needed]
Adair murder
editIn October 1989, Roden killed Wayman Dale Adair (age 56) in Odessa, Texas by shooting him; Adair was also struck on the head with a hatchet. Roden and Adair were sharing a house in Odessa (previously owned by Roden's parents) that was converted into two "efficiency apartments".[11][12][13] However, Marc Breault (former follower of Koresh and author of Inside the Cult) describes Adair as just a person who came to Roden's home to share a divine revelation that he, Adair, was a messiah. According to a newspaper report from 1993, Roden said that in the 1989 shooting, he was defending himself from a hitman sent by the cult.[14]
Put on trial for murder, Roden was found not guilty by reason of insanity, confined to a mental hospital, and later moved to another mental hospital in Big Spring, Texas.[15]
Mental illness, escape, and death
editOn September 30, 1993, Roden walked away from the Big Spring State Hospital and went missing for four days.[16] The Big Spring Police Department was assisted in the search by the Odessa Police Department and the Texas Rangers. He was captured in Abilene, Texas, and returned to Big Spring State Hospital by the Taylor County sheriff's department.[17] In February 1995, the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation's Dangerous Review Board declared Roden "not manifestly dangerous". Seven months later, he fled Big Spring for three days before being caught outside the Israeli consulate in New York City, where he caused a disturbance after being denied a visa to Israel. At the time, Roden's son was allegedly living in Israel[18] and Roden's father is described as having Jewish roots.[19] Roden, who claimed to be Jewish, said hitmen trained by the Palestine Liberation Organization were trying to kill him.[16]
On December 8, 1998, Roden again escaped and was found dead of a heart attack on the grounds of Big Spring State Hospital, where he was confined at the time.[20][21]
References
edit- ^ Fort Worth Star-Telegram, March 3, 1993, section A, page 15
- ^ Pitts, William L (June 12, 2010). "Davidians and Branch Davidians". Handbook of Texas - Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
- ^ a b c d Warning of Violence Was Unheeded After Cult Leader's Gun Battle in '87 Adam Nossiter The New York Times March 10, 1993
- ^ Wilson, Colin (2000), The Devil's Party, London: Virgin Books, ISBN 1-85227-843-9
- ^ "Crying in the wilderness: A religious commune sets up a dwelling place in the woods amid a struggle between rival prophets". January 17, 1988.
- ^ Extracts included in Waco: The Rules of Engagement, 1997 documentary by director William Gazecki and producer Michael McNulty. The 135-minute cable-TV version includes footage of Roden not included in the theatrical release.
- ^ "Amo Paul Bishop Roden". December 14, 2021.
- ^ "Crying in the wilderness: A religious commune sets up a dwelling place in the woods amid a struggle between rival prophets". January 17, 1988.
- ^ No Martyrs in Waco Sam Verhovek The New York Times July 9, 1995
- ^ Witherspoon, Tormy (January 28, 1989). "District judge throws out Roden's leadership lawsuit". WacoTrib.com. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- ^ The Odessa American, October 20, 1989, p. 11A
- ^ The Odessa American, January 10, 1990, p. 18A
- ^ The Odessa American, August 11, 1992, p. 5C. Legal notice concerning dangerous building at 718 North Elliott Avenue. See also legal notice concerning another dangerous building at 714 North Elliott Avenue
- ^ Fort Worth Star-Telegram, March 3, 1993, section A, page 15
- ^ A Fight in Texas for the Homeland of a Sect Sam Howe Verhovek The New York Times December 6, 1994
- ^ a b "Former Branch Davidian leader Roden found dead". Archived from the original on August 30, 2011. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
- ^ Ex-Waco cult leader returned to hospital Austin American-Statesman October 2, 1993
- ^ Fort Worth Star-Telegram, March 3, 1993, section A, page 15
- ^ Newport, Kenneth G. C. (2006). The Branch Davidians of Waco: The History and Beliefs of an Apocalyptic Sect. Oxford University Press. pp. 117–118. ISBN 978-0-19924-574-1.
- ^ "George Roden found dead". The Robesonian. December 8, 1998. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
- ^ "Ex-Cult Leader Who Fled Mental Hospital Is Dead". The New York Times. December 8, 1998.