Amaq News Agency (Arabic: وكالة أعماق الإخبارية, romanized: Wakālat Aʻmāq al-Ikhbārīyah) is a news outlet linked to the Islamic State (IS). Amaq is often the "first point of publication for claims of responsibility" for terrorist attacks in Western countries by the Islamic State.[1] In March 2019, Amaq News Agency was designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the United States Department of State.[2]
 | |
| Type | News service |
|---|---|
| Availability | Active |
| Founded | Islamic State by Baraa Kadek, Abu Muhammad al-Furqan and others |
Launch date | 14 August 2014 |
| Language | Arabic |
History
editAmong the founders of Amaq was Syrian journalist Baraa Kadek, who joined IS in late 2013,[3] Abu Muhammad al-Furqan, and seven others who originally worked for Halab News Network.[4] According to The New York Times, it has a direct connection with IS, from which it "gets tips".[1] Its name was taken from Amik Valley in Hatay Province, which is mentioned in a hadith as the site of an "apocalyptic victory over non-believers".[5]
Amaq News Agency was first noticed by SITE during the Siege of Kobanî (Syria) in 2014, when its updates were shared among IS fighters.[1] It became more widely known after it began reporting claims of responsibility for terrorist attacks in Western countries, such as the 2015 San Bernardino attack, for which IS officially claimed responsibility the next day.[1] An Amaq cameraman shot the first footage of the capture of Palmyra in 2015.[1]
Amaq launched an official mobile app in 2015 and has warned against unofficial versions that reportedly have been used to spy on its users.[6] It also uses a Telegram account.[7] It had a WordPress-based blog, but it was removed without explanation in April 2016.[6]
On 12 June 2016, IS claimed responsibility for the Pulse nightclub shooting through Amaq, without prior knowledge of the attack.[8] The shooter, Omar Mateen had later pledged allegiance to IS via a phone call with emergency services.[9]
On 31 May 2017, a Facebook post announced Amaq's founder, Baraa Kadek AKA Rayan Meshaal, had been killed with his daughter by an American airstrike on Mayadin.[10] The post was reportedly made by his younger brother.[11] Reuters could not immediately verify this account.[12] On 27 July 2017, the US confirmed that Kadek had been killed by a coalition airstrike near Mayadin between 25 and 27 May 2017.[13]
In June 2017, German police arrested a 23-year-old Syrian man identified only as Mohammed G., accusing him of communicating with the alleged perpetrator of the 2016 Malmö Muslim community centre arson in order to report to Amaq.[14][15]
On 21 March 2019, the U.S. Department of State officially deemed Amaq an alias of IS, and thus a Foreign Terrorist Organization.[16][17]
On 22 March 2024, the Islamic State – Khorasan Province claimed responsibility for the Crocus City Hall attack through Amaq, U.S. officials confirmed the claim shortly after.[18] A day after the attack, Amaq published a video of the attack, filmed by one of the attackers. It showed the attackers shooting victims and slitting the throat of a victim, while the filming attacker praises Allah and speaks against infidels.[19][20]
Character
editAmaq publishes a stream of short news reports, both text and video, on the mobile app Telegram. The reports take on the trappings of mainstream journalism, with "Breaking News" headings, and embedded reporters at the scenes of IS battles. The reports try to appear neutral, toning down the jihadist language and sectarian slurs IS uses in its official releases.[1]
Charlie Winter of the Transcultural Conflict and Violence Initiative at Georgia State University, and Rita Katz of SITE Intelligence Group in Washington say Amaq functions much like the state-owned news agency of IS, though the group does not acknowledge it as such. Katz said it behaves "like a state media".[1] Amaq appears to have been allowed to develop by IS as a way to have a news outlet that is controlled by the group but is somewhat removed from it, giving IS more of the appearance of legitimacy.[1]
Reliability
editThis section contains too many or overly lengthy quotations. (December 2018) |
According to Rukmini Callimachi in The New York Times: "Despite a widespread view that the Islamic State opportunistically claims attacks with which it has little genuine connection, its track record—minus a handful of exceptions—suggests a more rigorous protocol. At times, the Islamic State has got details wrong, or inflated casualty figures, but the gist of its claims is typically correct." According to Callimachi, the group considers itself responsible for acts carried out by people who were inspired by its propaganda, as well as acts carried out by its own personnel and in some instances, had claimed attacks before the identities of the killers were known.[14]
Graeme Wood writing in The Atlantic in October 2017, wrote "The idea that the Islamic State simply scans the news in search of mass killings, then sends out press releases in hope of stealing glory, is false. Amaq may learn details of the attacks from mainstream media … but its claim of credit typically flows from an Amaq-specific source."[21]
An October 2017 article in The Hill, points to two false claims made in the summer of 2017, the Resorts World Manila attack and a false claim that bombs had been planted at Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris. Also, a claimed IS connection to the 2017 Las Vegas shooting proved to be false.[22]
According to Rita Katz on the SITE Intelligence Group website, calling a terrorist a "soldier of the caliphate (warrior from the caliphate)" in a statement issued by Amaq, was the usual way in which IS indicated that it inspired an attack.[23] Centrally coordinated attacks were usually described as "executed by a detachment belonging to the Islamic State", and were often announced by both Amaq and by IS' central media command.[23]
Online presence
editIn November 2019, Belgian police said they had carried out a successful cyberattack on Amaq, thus leaving IS without an operational communication channel. [24] However, Amaq has since regained online presence, primarily on dark web platforms to make it harder for law enforcement to take them down without physical access to the server hosting the specific platform.[citation needed]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h Callimachi, Rukmini (14 January 2016). "A News Agency With Scoops Directly From ISIS, and a Veneer of Objectivity". The New York Times. p. 10. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
- ^ "Amendments to the Terrorist Designations of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria". U.S. Embassy in Georgia. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
- ^ AFP (31 May 2017). "Un fondateur d'Aamaq, l'agence de propagande de l'EI, tué en Syrie". Le Monde. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ Askanews (31 May 2017). "Siria, fondatore agenzia ufficiale Isis "Amaq" ucciso in raid Usa". Yahoo! Notizie (in Italian). Yahoo!. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ^ "Amaq – 24/7 News Agency Run by ISIS". Asharq Al-Awsat. 26 March 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ a b Russon, Mary-Ann (2 June 2016). "Islamic State: Fake version of Isis Amaq news app is spying on its supporters". International Business Times. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ Fahmy, Omar; Knecht, Eric (16 July 2016). Clarke, David (ed.). "Islamic State claims responsibility for Nice attack – Amaq news agency". Reuters. The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. Archived from the original on 17 July 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ^ "READ: Official ISIS Statement on Orlando Terror Attack by Amaq News Agency". Heavy. 12 June 2016. Archived from the original on 13 June 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
- ^ Tsukayama, Hayley; Berman, Mark; Markon, Jerry (13 June 2016). "Gunman who killed 49 in Orlando nightclub had pledged allegiance to ISIS". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 15 June 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
- ^ "Founder Of Islamic State News Agency Reported Killed In U.S. Air Strike". RFE/RL. 2 June 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ Moore, Jack (6 January 2017). "ISIS News Agency Amaq Founder 'Killed in U.S. Coalition Strike'". Newsweek. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ "US-led coalition strike 'kills founder of Islamic State media outlet Amaq'". Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited. 31 May 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ^ "Coalition removes ISIS leaders from battlefield". U.S. Central Command. 27 July 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ a b Kallimachi, Rukmini (8 June 2017). "Syrian Accused of Working for ISIS News Agency Is Arrested in Germany". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
- ^ Dearden, Lizzie (9 June 2017). "Isis propagandist who linked terrorists with Amaq 'news agency' arrested in Germany". The Independent. Archived from the original on 9 June 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
- ^ "Amendments to the Terrorist Designations of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria". U.S. Embassy in Georgia. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
- ^ "Amendments to the Terrorist Designations of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria". United States Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs. 21 March 2019. Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
- ^ S.A, Telewizja Polska. "ISIS claims responsibility for attack near Moscow". tvpworld.com (in Polish). Retrieved 22 March 2024.
- ^ "Atentado en Moscú: ISIS-K difundió un escalofriante video del ataque desde adentro con gritos de "Alá es grande"" [Attack in Moscow: ISIS-K released a chilling video of the attack from inside with shouts of "Allah is great"]. Clarin (in Spanish). 23 March 2024. Archived from the original on 24 March 2024.
- ^ Roth, Andrew (24 March 2024). "New Islamic State videos back claim it carried out Moscow concert hall attack". the Guardian. Guardian News & Media. Archived from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ Wood, Graeme (2 October 2017). "Why Did the Islamic State Claim the Las Vegas Shooting?". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
- ^ Williams, Katie Bo (2 October 2017). "Terror experts puzzled by ISIS claim in Las Vegas attack". The Hill. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ^ a b Katz, Rita (6 November 2017). "Is ISIS' Comment on the Manhattan Attack Out of the Ordinary? Not Really". SITE Intelligence Group. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
- ^ De Jaegere, Arne; Grommen, Stefan (25 November 2019). "Na geslaagde cyberaanval door Belgische politie: "Terreurgroep IS volledig uitgeschakeld op het internet"" [After successful cyberattack by Belgian police: "Terror group ISIL completely disabled on the internet"] (in Dutch). Brussels: Vrtnws.be. Retrieved 25 November 2019.