Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 29 March 1998.[2] The Communist Party of Ukraine remained the largest party in the Verkhovna Rada, winning 121 of the 445 seats.[3]
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All 450 seats to the Verkhovna Rada 226 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 70.78% ( 5.03 pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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After the election votes in five electoral districts had too many irregularities to declare a winner and the parliament was five members short of 450.
Electoral system
editIn comparison to the first parliamentary election, this time half of 450 parliament seats were filled by single-seat majority winners in 225 electoral regions (constituencies), and the other half were split among political parties and blocks[4] that received at least 4% of the popular vote.[5]
Results
editThe Communist Party of Ukraine was victorious in 18 regions including the city of Kyiv, while in three other regions the party finished in second place. The People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh) won in five regions, all of them located in Western Ukraine and was a strong runner-up in three others, mostly in the west and Kyiv. The electoral block of Socialists and Peasants was able to secure a victory in only two regions, however it did finish strong in seven other regions across central Ukraine. The new and rising party of Hromada won the Dnipropetrovsk Region, while the Social-Democratic Party of Ukraine managed to secure the Zakarpattia Region.
Notable and strong runners up were the Party of Greens, the People's Democratic Party, the Progressive Socialist Party, the People's Party, Working Ukraine, the National Front and Our Ukraine.
| Party | Proportional | Constituency | Total seats | +/– | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
| Communist Party of Ukraine | 6,550,353 | 25.44 | 84 | 3,495,711 | 13.62 | 37 | 121 | +35 | |
| People's Movement of Ukraine | 2,498,262 | 9.70 | 32 | 1,500,648 | 5.85 | 14 | 46 | +26 | |
| Socialist Party – Peasant Party | 2,273,788 | 8.83 | 29 | 1,067,267 | 4.16 | 5 | 34 | +1 | |
| Party of Greens of Ukraine | 1,444,264 | 5.61 | 19 | 196,044 | 0.76 | 0 | 19 | +19 | |
| People's Democratic Party | 1,331,460 | 5.17 | 17 | 985,770 | 3.84 | 11 | 28 | +24 | |
| Hromada | 1,242,235 | 4.82 | 16 | 880,073 | 3.43 | 8 | 24 | New | |
| Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine | 1,075,118 | 4.18 | 14 | 231,043 | 0.90 | 2 | 16 | New | |
| Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) | 1,066,113 | 4.14 | 14 | 450,522 | 1.76 | 3 | 17 | New | |
| Agrarian Party of Ukraine | 978,330 | 3.80 | 0 | 784,287 | 3.06 | 9 | 9 | New | |
| Reforms and Order Party | 832,574 | 3.23 | 0 | 455,166 | 1.77 | 3 | 3 | New | |
| Laborious Ukraine (GKU–UPS) | 813,326 | 3.16 | 0 | 123,869 | 0.48 | 1 | 1 | –1 | |
| National Front (KUN–UKRP–URP) | 721,966 | 2.80 | 0 | 642,125 | 2.50 | 5 | 5 | –10 | |
| Together (LPU–PP) | 502,969 | 1.95 | 0 | 309,371 | 1.21 | 1 | 1 | –3 | |
| Forward Ukraine! (KDS–UKDP) | 461,924 | 1.79 | 0 | 129,378 | 0.50 | 2 | 2 | +2 | |
| Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine | 344,826 | 1.34 | 0 | 190,783 | 0.74 | 2 | 2 | +1 | |
| Bloc of Democratic Parties – NEP (DPU–PEV) | 326,489 | 1.27 | 0 | 275,460 | 1.07 | 1 | 1 | –1 | |
| Party of National Economic Development of Ukraine | 250,476 | 0.97 | 0 | 28,418 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| SLON – Social Liberal Association (Viche–MBR) | 241,367 | 0.94 | 0 | 112,968 | 0.44 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Party of Regional Revival of Ukraine | 241,262 | 0.94 | 0 | 204,631 | 0.80 | 2 | 2 | New | |
| All-Ukrainian Party of Workers | 210,622 | 0.82 | 0 | 57,463 | 0.22 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Soyuz | 186,249 | 0.72 | 0 | 38,467 | 0.15 | 1 | 1 | New | |
| All-Ukrainian Party of Women's Initiatives | 154,650 | 0.60 | 0 | 18,208 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Republican Christian Party | 143,496 | 0.56 | 0 | 70,064 | 0.27 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Ukrainian National Assembly | 105,977 | 0.41 | 0 | 88,136 | 0.34 | 0 | 0 | –1 | |
| Social Democratic Party of Ukraine | 85,045 | 0.33 | 0 | 36,670 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | –2 | |
| Motherland Defenders Party | 81,808 | 0.32 | 0 | 26,286 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Party of Spiritual, Economic and Social Progress | 53,147 | 0.21 | 0 | 28,418 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Party of Muslims of Ukraine | 52,613 | 0.20 | 0 | 1,342 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | New | |
| Fewer Words (SNPU–DSU) | 45,155 | 0.18 | 0 | 65,760 | 0.26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| European Choice of Ukraine (LDPU–USDP) | 37,118 | 0.14 | 0 | 59,474 | 0.23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine | 17,656 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | New | ||||
| Women's Party of Ukraine | 15,867 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | New | ||||
| Party of Slavic Unity of Ukraine | 12,470 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists | 1,944 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Party of National Salvation of Ukraine | 1,544 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Independents | 11,148,333 | 43.43 | 111 | 111 | –57 | ||||
| Vacant | 5 | 5 | – | ||||||
| Against all | 1,396,592 | 5.42 | – | 1,915,531 | 7.46 | – | – | – | |
| Total | 25,749,574 | 100.00 | 225 | 25,667,167 | 100.00 | 225 | 450 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 25,749,574 | 96.91 | 25,667,167 | 96.60 | |||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 821,699 | 3.09 | 904,106 | 3.40 | |||||
| Total votes | 26,571,273 | 100.00 | 26,571,273 | 100.00 | |||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 37,540,092 | 70.78 | 37,540,092 | 70.78 | |||||
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver, University of Essex | |||||||||
By region (single constituency)
edit
- Crimea (10/10)
- No party affiliation: Serhiy Ivanov, Anatoliy Rakhansky, Valeriy Horbatov, Refat Chubarov, Anatoliy Franchuk
- Communist Party of Ukraine: Yevhen Leshan, Viktor Myronenko
- Soyuz: Lev Myrymsky
- People's Democratic Party of Ukraine: Ihor Franchuk, Valeriy Khoroshkovsky
- Vinnytsia Region (8/8)
- No party affiliation: Petro Poroshenko (No.12), Oleh Yukhnovsky, Oleksandr Shpak, Yevhen Smirnov, Oleksandr Stoyan
- People's Democratic Party of Ukraine: Ihor Kvyatkovsky, Anatoliy Matviyenko
- Communist Party of Ukraine: Mykola Pasyeka
- Volyn Region (4/5)
- National Front (Republican): Valeriy Dibrova
- Agrarian: Kateryna Vashchuk
- No party affiliation: Mykola Martynenko
- Democratic Party of Ukraine: Oleksandr Svyryda
- People's Democratic Party of Ukraine: Serhiy Shevchuk
- Dnipropetrovsk Region (16/17)
- Hromada 6 (1-Independent)
- No party affiliation 5
- Communist 3
- Interregional bloc 1
- Agrarian 1
- Donetsk Region (21/23)
- No party affiliation 12
- Communist 7
- Party of Regions 2
- Zhytomyr Region (5/6)
- No party affiliation 2
- People-Democratic 1
- Communist 1
- Christian-Democratic 1
- Zakarpattia Region (5/5)
- Social-Democratic (u) 3
- No party affiliation 2
- Zaporizhzhia Region (7/9)
- No party affiliation 3
- Communist 3 (1-Independent)
- Agrarian 1
- Ivano-Frankivsk Region (6/6)
- No party affiliation 2
- National Front 2 (all CUN)
- Labor and Liberal together 1 (Independent)
- Christian people 1
- Kirovohrad Region (3/5)
- No party affiliation 3
- Luhansk Region (12/12)
- Communist 8
- No party affiliation 4
- Lviv Region (10/12)
- People's Movement 2
- Reforms and Order 2
- National Front 2 (all Independent)
- Fewer words 1
- No party affiliation 1
- Christian-Democratic 1
- Agrarian 1
- Mykolaiv Region (3/6)
- No party affiliation 2
- Reforms and Order 1
- Odesa Region (10/11)
- No party affiliation 6
- Communist 2
- Agrarian 1 (Independent)
- Social and Peasant 1
- Kyiv Region (7/8)
- No party affiliation 4
- Social and Peasant 1 (Socialist)
- Agrarian 1
- People's Movement 1
- Poltava Region (8/8)
- Communist 3
- No party affiliation 2
- People's Movement 1
- People-Democratic 1 (Independent)
- Forward 1 (Independent)
- Rivne Region (5/5)
- People's Movement 3
- No party affiliation 2
- Sumy Region (6/6)
- No party affiliation 2
- Progressive Socialist 2
- Communist 1
- Justice 1
- Ternopil Region (4/5)
- People's Movement 2
- No party affiliation 1
- National Front 1 (CUN)
- Kharkiv Region (12/14)
- No party affiliation 6
- Communist 2
- Agrarian 1
- Social and Peasant 1 (Independent)
- Progressive Socialist 1 (Independent)
- People-Democratic 1
- Kherson Region (6/6)
- No party affiliation 2
- Hromada 1
- Communist 1
- Christian-Democratic 1
- Social and Peasant 1 (Socialist)
- Khmelnytskyi Region (7/7)
- No party affiliation 4
- Republican 1
- Socialist 1
- Communist 1
- Cherkasy Region (7/7)
- No party affiliation 3
- Communist 2
- Social and Peasant 1 (Peasant)
- People-Democratic 1
- Chernivtsi Region (4/4)
- No party affiliation 3
- People's Movement 1
- Chernihiv Region (5/6)
- No party affiliation 4
- People-Democratic 1
- Kyiv (11/12)
- No party affiliation 8
- Democratic Parties 1 (Independent)
- People's Movement 1
- Reforms and Order 1
- Sevastopol (2/2)
- No party affiliation 1
- Communist 1
Party affiliation changes after the elections
editThe size of the factions created in parliament after the election fluctuated.[7] By January 2000, the Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine and Hromada had not had any deputies; while Peasant Party of Ukraine had deputies only in 1999.[7] All these factions where disbanded due to the lack of members.[8]
Party of Regional Revival of Ukraine (later to become the biggest party of Ukraine as Party of Regions[9]) grew massively in parliament (after in March 2001 it united with four parties) from 2 deputies elected in this election to a faction of 24 people in July 2002 (one deputy left the faction later).[7][10][11] Later to become second biggest party of Ukraine,[9] Batkivshchyna, started its existence as a faction when in the spring of 1999 members of Hromada left their party to join other parliament factions, among them Yulia Tymoshenko who set up the parliamentary faction "Batkivshchyna" in March 1999.[12][13][14]
People's Movement of Ukraine split into 2 different factions in the spring of 1999 (the largest membership of the breakaway faction led by Hennadiy Udovenko was 19 and ended with 14, the "other" faction ended with 23; meaning that 10 elected People's Movement of Ukraine deputies did not represent any segment of the party anymore by June 2002).[7][8]
Other mayor "non-elected" factions/parties to emerge in parliament after the election were: Solidarity[15] (27 to 20 members[7]) and Labour Ukraine[16] (38 members in June 2002[7]); by June 2002 the parliament had 8 more factions then its original 8 in May 1998.[7]
References
edit- ^ https://mediaport.ua/news/ukraine/66342/leonid_kravchuk_vyishel_iz_sdpuo Леонид Кравчук вышел из СДПУ(о)
- ^ Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1976 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p1991
- ^ Against All Odds: Aiding Political Parties in Georgia and Ukraine (UvA Proefschriften) by Max Bader, Vossiuspers UvA, 2010, ISBN 90-5629-631-0 (page 93)
- ^ Parliamentary chronicles, The Ukrainian Week (30 November 2018)
- ^ Deputies/Elected in multi-mandate constituency/Elections 29.11.1998 Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine, Central Election Commission of Ukraine
- ^ a b c d e f g Understanding Ukrainian Politics: Power, Politics, and Institutional Design by Paul D'Anieri, M.E. Sharpe, 2006, ISBN 978-0-7656-1811-5
- ^ a b Ukraine and Russia: The Post-Soviet Transition by Roman Solchanyk, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001 ISBN 0742510174
- ^ a b After the parliamentary elections in Ukraine: a tough victory for the Party of Regions Archived 2013-03-17 at the Wayback Machine, Centre for Eastern Studies (7 November 2012)
- ^ 2001 Political sketches: too early for summing up, Central European University (January 4, 2002)
- ^ Ukraine Political Parties, GlobalSecurity.org
- ^ Revolution in Orange: The Origins of Ukraine's Democratic Breakthrough by Anders Aslund and Michael A. McFaul, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2006, ISBN 978-0-87003-221-9
- ^ State Building in Ukraine: The Ukrainian Parliament, 1990-2003 by Sarah Whitmore, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 978-0-415-33195-1, page 106
- ^ (in Ukrainian) Всеукраїнське об'єднання "Батьківщина" All-Ukrainian Union Batkivshchyna, RBC Ukraine
- ^ Ukrainian Political Update Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine by Taras Kuzio and Alex Frishberg, Frishberg & Partners, 21 February 2008 (page 22)
- ^ Explaining State Capture and State Capture Modes Archived 2012-09-29 at the Wayback Machine by Oleksiy Omelyanchuk, Central European University, 2001 (page 22)
Trudova Ukraina elects a new chairman, Policy Documentation Center (November 27, 2000)