The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry . The award was traditionally presented by the previous year's Best Supporting Actress winner.
At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of this award for his role in Come and Get It .[ 1] Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded plaques instead of statuettes.[ 2] Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes.[ 3] Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy.[ 4]
Since its inception, the award has been given to 75 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards. Brennan, Jeff Bridges , Robert Duvall , Arthur Kennedy , Jack Nicholson , Claude Rains , and Al Pacino were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2020 ceremony , Brad Pitt is the most recent winner in this category for his performance as Cliff Booth in Once Upon a Time in Hollywood .
Winners and nominees
In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County ; the ceremonies are always held the following year.[ 5]
Walter Brennan was the first winner in this category for Come and Get It (1936). He would also win for his roles in Kentucky (1938) and The Westerner (1940).
Van Heflin won for his performance in Johnny Eager (1942).
Charles Coburn won for his performance in The More the Merrier (1943).
George Sanders won for his performance in All About Eve (1950).
Karl Malden won for his performance in A Streetcar Named Desire (1951).
Frank Sinatra won for his performance in From Here to Eternity (1953).
Jack Lemmon won for his performance in Mister Roberts (1955).
Peter Ustinov won twice for his roles in Spartacus (1960) and Topkapi (1964).
Melvyn Douglas won twice for his roles in Hud (1963) and Being There (1979).
For his performance as the Master of Ceremonies in Cabaret (1972), Joel Grey became one of eight individuals to win both an Academy Award and Tony Award for the same role.[ 6]
Robert De Niro won for his performance as Vito Corleone in The Godfather Part II (1974).
George Burns won for his performance in The Sunshine Boys (1975).
Jason Robards won two consecutive awards for his roles in All the President's Men (1976) and Julia (1977).
Christopher Walken won for his performance in The Deer Hunter (1978).
At age 20, Timothy Hutton became the youngest winner in this category for his performance as Conrad Jarrett in Ordinary People (1980).
Louis Gossett Jr. won for his performance in An Officer and a Gentleman (1982), becoming the first black actor to win in this category.[ 7]
Jack Nicholson won for his performance in Terms of Endearment (1983).
Michael Caine won twice for his roles in Hannah and Her Sisters (1986) and The Cider House Rules (1999).
Sean Connery won for his performance in The Untouchables (1987).
Kevin Kline won for his performance in A Fish Called Wanda (1988).
Denzel Washington won for his performance in Glory (1989).
Joe Pesci won for his portrayal of Tommy DeVito in Goodfellas .
Tommy Lee Jones won for his performance in The Fugitive (1993).
Robin Williams won for his performance in Good Will Hunting (1997).
Benicio del Toro won for his performance in Traffic (2000).
Jim Broadbent won for his portrayal of John Bayley in Iris (2001).
Chris Cooper won for his portrayal of John Laroche in Adaptation. (2002).
Tim Robbins won for his performance in Mystic River (2003).
Morgan Freeman won for his performance in Million Dollar Baby (2004).
George Clooney won for his performance Syriana (2005).
Alan Arkin won for his performance in Little Miss Sunshine (2006).
Javier Bardem won for his performance as Anton Chigurh in No Country for Old Men (2007).
Heath Ledger won posthumously for his performance as The Joker in The Dark Knight (2008), the first win for portraying a comic book character.[ 8]
Christoph Waltz won twice for his roles in Inglourious Basterds (2009) and Django Unchained (2012).
Christian Bale won for his portrayal of Dicky Eklund in The Fighter (2010).
At age 82, Christopher Plummer became the oldest acting Oscar winner for his performance in Beginners (2011).
Jared Leto won for his performance as a trans woman in Dallas Buyers Club (2013).
J. K. Simmons won for his performance in Whiplash (2014).
Mark Rylance won for his portrayal of Rudolf Abel in Bridge of Spies (2015).
Mahershala Ali won twice for his roles in Moonlight (2016) and Green Book (2018).
Sam Rockwell won for his performance in Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017).
Year
Actor
Role(s)
Film
Ref.
1930s
1936 (9th)
Walter Brennan ‡
Swan Bostrom
Come and Get It
[ 9]
Mischa Auer
Carlo
My Man Godfrey
Stuart Erwin
Amos Dodd
Pigskin Parade
Basil Rathbone
Tybalt – Nephew to Lady Capulet
Romeo and Juliet
Akim Tamiroff
General Yang
The General Died at Dawn
1937 (10th)
Joseph Schildkraut ‡
Capt. Alfred Dreyfus
The Life of Emile Zola
[ 10]
Ralph Bellamy
Dan Leeson
The Awful Truth
Thomas Mitchell
Dr. Kersaint
The Hurricane
H. B. Warner
Chang
Lost Horizon
Roland Young
Cosmo Topper
Topper
1938 (11th)
Walter Brennan ‡
Peter Goodwin
Kentucky
[ 11]
John Garfield
Mickey Borden
Four Daughters
Gene Lockhart
Regis
Algiers
Robert Morley
King Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
Basil Rathbone
King Louis XI
If I Were King
1939 (12th)
Thomas Mitchell ‡
Dr. Josiah Boone
Stagecoach
[ 12]
Brian Aherne
Emperor Maximilian von Habsburg
Juarez
Harry Carey
President of the Senate
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
Brian Donlevy
Sgt. Markoff
Beau Geste
Claude Rains
Sen. Joseph Harrison Paine
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
1940s
1940 (13th)
Walter Brennan ‡
Judge Roy Bean
The Westerner
[ 13]
Albert Bassermann
Van Meer
Foreign Correspondent
William Gargan
Joe
They Knew What They Wanted
Jack Oakie
Benzini Napaloni (Dictator of Bacteria)
The Great Dictator
James Stephenson
Howard Joyce
The Letter
1941 (14th)
Donald Crisp ‡
Gwilym Morgan
How Green Was My Valley
[ 14]
Walter Brennan
Pastor Rosier Pile
Sergeant York
Charles Coburn
John P. Merrick
The Devil and Miss Jones
James Gleason
Max Corkle
Here Comes Mr. Jordan
Sydney Greenstreet
Kasper Gutman
The Maltese Falcon
1942 (15th)
Van Heflin ‡
Jeff Hartnett
Johnny Eager
[ 15]
William Bendix
Pvt. Aloysius "Smacksie" Randall
Wake Island
Walter Huston
Jerry Cohan
Yankee Doodle Dandy
Frank Morgan
The Pirate
Tortilla Flat
Henry Travers
James Ballard
Mrs. Miniver
1943 (16th)
Charles Coburn ‡
Benjamin Dingle
The More the Merrier
[ 16]
Charles Bickford
Father Peyramale
The Song of Bernadette
J. Carrol Naish
Giuseppe
Sahara
Claude Rains
Capt. Louis Renault
Casablanca
Akim Tamiroff
Pablo
For Whom the Bell Tolls
1944 (17th)
Barry Fitzgerald ‡
Father Fitzgibbon
Going My Way
[ 17]
Hume Cronyn
Paul Roeder
The Seventh Cross
Claude Rains
Job Skeffington
Mr. Skeffington
Clifton Webb
Waldo Lydecker
Laura
Monty Woolley
Colonel William G. Smollett
Since You Went Away
1945 (18th)
James Dunn ‡
Johnny Nolan
A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
[ 18]
Michael Chekhov
Dr. Alexander "Alex" Brulov
Spellbound
John Dall
Morgan Evans
The Corn Is Green
Robert Mitchum
Lt. Capt. Bill Walker
G. I. Joe
J. Carrol Naish
Charley Martin
A Medal for Benny
1946 (19th)
Harold Russell ‡
Homer Parrish
The Best Years of Our Lives
[ 19]
Charles Coburn
Alexander Gow
The Green Years
William Demarest
Steve Martin
The Jolson Story
Claude Rains
Alexander Sebastian
Notorious
Clifton Webb
Elliott Templeton
The Razor's Edge
1947 (20th)
Edmund Gwenn ‡
Kris Kringle
Miracle on 34th Street
[ 20]
Charles Bickford
Joseph Clancy
The Farmer's Daughter
Thomas Gomez
Pancho
Ride the Pink Horse
Robert Ryan
Montgomery
Crossfire
Richard Widmark
Tommy Udo
Kiss of Death
1948 (21st)
Walter Huston ‡
Howard
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
[ 21]
Charles Bickford
Black McDonald
Johnny Belinda
José Ferrer
The Dauphin – Charles VII , later King of France
Joan of Arc
Oscar Homolka
Uncle Chris Halverson
I Remember Mama
Cecil Kellaway
Horace (A Leprechaun)
The Luck of the Irish
1949 (22nd)
Dean Jagger ‡
Major Harvey Stovall
Twelve O'Clock High
[ 22]
John Ireland
Jack Burden
All the King's Men
Arthur Kennedy
Connie Kelly
Champion
Ralph Richardson
Dr. Austin Sloper
The Heiress
James Whitmore
Sgt. Kinnie
Battleground
1950s
1950 (23rd)
George Sanders ‡
Addison DeWitt
All About Eve
[ 23]
Jeff Chandler
Cochise
Broken Arrow
Edmund Gwenn
"Skipper" Miller
Mister 880
Sam Jaffe
Dr. Erwin Riedenschneider
The Asphalt Jungle
Erich von Stroheim
Max von Meyerling
Sunset Boulevard
1951 (24th)
Karl Malden ‡
Harold "Mitch" Mitchell
A Streetcar Named Desire
[ 24]
Leo Genn
Petronius
Quo Vadis
Kevin McCarthy
Biff Loman
Death of a Salesman
Peter Ustinov
Nero
Quo Vadis
Gig Young
Boyd Copeland
Come Fill the Cup
1952 (25th)
Anthony Quinn ‡
Eufemio Zapata
Viva Zapata!
[ 25]
Richard Burton
Philip Ashley
My Cousin Rachel
Arthur Hunnicutt
Zeb Calloway Narrator
The Big Sky
Victor McLaglen
Will "Red" Danaher
The Quiet Man
Jack Palance
Lester Blaine
Sudden Fear
1953 (26th)
Frank Sinatra ‡
Pvt. Angelo Maggio
From Here to Eternity
[ 26]
Eddie Albert
Irving Radovich
Roman Holiday
Brandon deWilde
Joey Starrett
Shane
Jack Palance
Jack Wilson
Robert Strauss
Sgt. Stanislas "Animal" Kasava
Stalag 17
1954 (27th)
Edmond O'Brien ‡
Oscar Muldoon
The Barefoot Contessa
[ 27]
Lee J. Cobb
Johnny Friendly
On the Waterfront
Karl Malden
Father Barry
Rod Steiger
Charley "The Gent" Malloy
Tom Tully
Commander DeVriess
The Caine Mutiny
1955 (28th)
Jack Lemmon ‡
Ensign Frank Thurlowe Pulver
Mister Roberts
[ 28]
Arthur Kennedy
Barney Castle
Trial
Joe Mantell
Angie
Marty
Sal Mineo
John "Plato" Crawford
Rebel Without a Cause
Arthur O'Connell
Howard Bevans
Picnic
1956 (29th)
Anthony Quinn ‡
Paul Gauguin
Lust for Life
[ 29]
Don Murray
Beauregard "Bo" Decker
Bus Stop
Anthony Perkins
Josh Birdwell
Friendly Persuasion
Mickey Rooney
Dooley
The Bold and the Brave
Robert Stack
Kyle Hadley
Written on the Wind
1957 (30th)
Red Buttons ‡
Airman Joe Kelly
Sayonara
[ 30]
Vittorio De Sica
Major Alessandro Rinaldi
A Farewell to Arms
Sessue Hayakawa
Colonel Saito
The Bridge on the River Kwai
Arthur Kennedy
Lucas Cross
Peyton Place
Russ Tamblyn
Norman Page
1958 (31st)
Burl Ives ‡
Rufus Hannassey
The Big Country
[ 31]
Theodore Bikel
Sheriff Max Muller
The Defiant Ones
Lee J. Cobb
Fyodor Karamazov
The Brothers Karamazov
Arthur Kennedy
Frank Hirsh
Some Came Running
Gig Young
Dr. Hugo Pine
Teacher's Pet
1959 (32nd)
Hugh Griffith ‡
Sheik Ilderim
Ben-Hur
[ 32]
Arthur O'Connell
Parnell Emmett McCarthy
Anatomy of a Murder
George C. Scott
Asst. State Atty. Gen. Claude Dancer
Robert Vaughn
Chester "Chet" Gwynn
The Young Philadelphians
Ed Wynn
Albert Dussell
The Diary of Anne Frank
1960s
1960 (33rd)
Peter Ustinov ‡
Lentulus Batiatus
Spartacus
[ 33]
Peter Falk
Abe "Kid Twist" Reles
Murder, Inc.
Jack Kruschen
Dr. Dreyfuss
The Apartment
Sal Mineo
Dov Landau
Exodus
Chill Wills
Beekeeper
The Alamo
1961 (34th)
George Chakiris ‡
Bernardo Nuñez
West Side Story
[ 34]
Montgomery Clift
Rudolph Petersen
Judgment at Nuremberg
Peter Falk
Joy Boy
Pocketful of Miracles
Jackie Gleason
Minnesota Fats
The Hustler
George C. Scott [A]
Bert Gordon
1962 (35th)
Ed Begley ‡
Tom "Boss" Finley
Sweet Bird of Youth
[ 35]
Victor Buono
Edwin Flagg
What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?
Telly Savalas
Feto Gomez
Birdman of Alcatraz
Omar Sharif
Sherif Ali ibn el Kharish
Lawrence of Arabia
Terence Stamp
Billy Budd
Billy Budd
1963 (36th)
Melvyn Douglas ‡
Homer Bannon
Hud
[ 36]
Nick Adams
Ben Brown
Twilight of Honor
Bobby Darin
Corporal Jim Tompkins
Captain Newman, M.D.
Hugh Griffith
Squire Western
Tom Jones
John Huston
Cardinal Glennon
The Cardinal
1964 (37th)
Peter Ustinov ‡
Arthur Simon Simpson
Topkapi
[ 37]
John Gielgud
Louis VII of France
Becket
Stanley Holloway
Alfred Doolittle
My Fair Lady
Edmond O'Brien
Senator Raymond Clark
Seven Days in May
Lee Tracy
President Art Hockstader
The Best Man
1965 (38th)
Martin Balsam ‡
Arnold Burns
A Thousand Clowns
[ 38]
Ian Bannen
"Ratbags" Crow
The Flight of the Phoenix
Tom Courtenay
Pasha Antipov (Strelnikov)
Doctor Zhivago
Michael Dunn
Carl Glocken
Ship of Fools
Frank Finlay
Iago
Othello
1966 (39th)
Walter Matthau ‡
Willie Gingrich
The Fortune Cookie
[ 39]
Mako
Po-han
The Sand Pebbles
James Mason
James Leamington
Georgy Girl
George Segal
Nick
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
Robert Shaw
Henry VIII of England
A Man for All Seasons
1967 (40th)
George Kennedy ‡
Dragline
Cool Hand Luke
[ 40]
John Cassavetes
Victor R. Franko
The Dirty Dozen
Gene Hackman
Buck Barrow
Bonnie and Clyde
Cecil Kellaway
Monsignor Mike Ryan
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
Michael J. Pollard
C.W. Moss
Bonnie and Clyde
1968 (41st)
Jack Albertson ‡
John Cleary
The Subject Was Roses
[ 41]
Seymour Cassel
Chet
Faces
Daniel Massey
Noël Coward
Star!
Jack Wild
The Artful Dodger
Oliver!
Gene Wilder
Leopold "Leo" Bloom
The Producers
1969 (42nd)
Gig Young ‡
Rocky Graver
They Shoot Horses, Don't They?
[ 42]
Rupert Crosse
Ned McCaslin
The Reivers
Elliott Gould
Ted Henderson
Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice
Jack Nicholson
George Hanson
Easy Rider
Anthony Quayle
Cardinal Wolsey
Anne of the Thousand Days
1970s
1970 (43rd)
John Mills ‡
Michael
Ryan's Daughter
[ 43]
Richard S. Castellano
Frank Vecchio
Lovers and Other Strangers
Chief Dan George
Old Lodge Skins
Little Big Man
Gene Hackman
Gene Garrison
I Never Sang for My Father
John Marley
Phil Cavalleri
Love Story
1971 (44th)
Ben Johnson ‡
Sam the Lion
The Last Picture Show
[ 44]
Jeff Bridges
Duane Jackson
The Last Picture Show
Leonard Frey
Motel Kamzoil
Fiddler on the Roof
Richard Jaeckel
Joe Ben Stamper
Sometimes a Great Notion
Roy Scheider
Det. Buddy "Cloudy" Russo
The French Connection
1972 (45th)
Joel Grey ‡
Master of Ceremonies
Cabaret
[ 45]
Eddie Albert
Mr. Corcoran
The Heartbreak Kid
James Caan
Sonny Corleone
The Godfather
Robert Duvall
Tom Hagen
Al Pacino
Michael Corleone
1973 (46th)
John Houseman ‡
Charles W. Kingsfield, Jr.
The Paper Chase
[ 46]
Vincent Gardenia
Dutch Schnell
Bang the Drum Slowly
Jack Gilford
Phil Greene
Save the Tiger
Jason Miller
Father Damien Karras
The Exorcist
Randy Quaid
Larry Meadows
The Last Detail
1974 (47th)
Robert De Niro ‡
Vito Corleone
The Godfather Part II
[ 47]
Fred Astaire
Harlee Claiborne
The Towering Inferno
Jeff Bridges
Lightfoot
Thunderbolt and Lightfoot
Michael V. Gazzo
Frank Pentangeli
The Godfather Part II
Lee Strasberg
Hyman Roth
1975 (48th)
George Burns ‡
Al Lewis
The Sunshine Boys
[ 48]
Brad Dourif
Billy Bibbit
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Burgess Meredith
Harry Greener
The Day of the Locust
Chris Sarandon
Leon Shermer
Dog Day Afternoon
Jack Warden
Lester Karpf
Shampoo
1976 (49th)
Jason Robards ‡
Ben Bradlee
All the President's Men
[ 49]
Ned Beatty
Arthur Jensen
Network
Burgess Meredith
Mickey Goldmill
Rocky
Laurence Olivier
Dr. Christian Szell
Marathon Man
Burt Young
Paulie Pennino
Rocky
1977 (50th)
Jason Robards ‡
Dashiell Hammett
Julia
[ 50]
Mikhail Baryshnikov
Yuri Kopeikine
The Turning Point
Peter Firth
Alan Strang
Equus
Alec Guinness
Obi-Wan Kenobi
Star Wars
Maximilian Schell
Johann
Julia
1978 (51st)
Christopher Walken ‡
Nikonar "Nick" Chevotarevich
The Deer Hunter
[ 51]
Bruce Dern
Capt. Bob Hyde
Coming Home
Richard Farnsworth
Dodger
Comes a Horseman
John Hurt
Max
Midnight Express
Jack Warden
Max Corkle
Heaven Can Wait
1979 (52nd)
Melvyn Douglas ‡
Benjamin Turnbull Rand
Being There
[ 52]
Robert Duvall
Lt. Col. Bill Kilgore
Apocalypse Now
Frederic Forrest
Houston Dyer
The Rose
Justin Henry
Billy Kramer
Kramer vs. Kramer
Mickey Rooney
Henry Dailey
The Black Stallion
1980s
1980 (53rd)
Timothy Hutton ‡
Conrad Jarrett
Ordinary People
[ 53]
Judd Hirsch
Dr. Tyrone C. Berger
Ordinary People
Michael O'Keefe
Ben Meechum
The Great Santini
Joe Pesci
Joey LaMotta
Raging Bull
Jason Robards
Howard Hughes
Melvin and Howard
1981 (54th)
John Gielgud ‡
Hobson
Arthur
[ 54]
James Coco
Jimmy Perry
Only When I Laugh
Ian Holm
Sam Mussabini
Chariots of Fire
Jack Nicholson
Eugene O'Neill
Reds
Howard Rollins
Coalhouse Walker, Jr.
Ragtime
1982 (55th)
Louis Gossett Jr. ‡
Gunnery Sgt. Emil Foley
An Officer and a Gentleman
[ 55]
Charles Durning
Governor
The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas
John Lithgow
Roberta Muldoon
The World According to Garp
James Mason
Ed Concannon
The Verdict
Robert Preston
Carroll "Toddy" Todd
Victor/Victoria
1983 (56th)
Jack Nicholson ‡
Garrett Breedlove
Terms of Endearment
[ 56]
Charles Durning
Colonel Erhardt
To Be or Not to Be
John Lithgow
Sam Burns
Terms of Endearment
Sam Shepard
Chuck Yeager
The Right Stuff
Rip Torn
Marsh Turner
Cross Creek
1984 (57th)
Haing S. Ngor ‡
Dith Pran
The Killing Fields
[ 57]
Adolph Caesar
Sgt. Waters
A Soldier's Story
John Malkovich
Mr. Will
Places in the Heart
Noriyuki “Pat” Morita
Kesuke Miyagi
The Karate Kid
Ralph Richardson *[ 58]
The Sixth Earl of Greystoke
Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes
1985 (58th)
Don Ameche ‡
Arthur Selwyn
Cocoon
[ 59]
Klaus Maria Brandauer
Baron Bror von Blixen-Finecke Baron Hans von Blixen-Finecke
Out of Africa
William Hickey
Don Corrado Prizzi
Prizzi's Honor
Robert Loggia
Sam Ransom
Jagged Edge
Eric Roberts
Buck McGeehy
Runaway Train
1986 (59th)
Michael Caine ‡
Elliott Daniels
Hannah and Her Sisters
[ 60]
Tom Berenger
Sgt. Bob Barnes
Platoon
Willem Dafoe
Sgt. Elias Grodin
Denholm Elliott
Mr. Emerson
A Room with a View
Dennis Hopper
Wilbur "Shooter" Flatch
Hoosiers
1987 (60th)
Sean Connery ‡
Jimmy Malone
The Untouchables
[ 61]
Albert Brooks
Aaron Altman
Broadcast News
Morgan Freeman
Leo "Fast Black" Smalls, Jr.
Street Smart
Vincent Gardenia
Cosmo Castorini
Moonstruck
Denzel Washington
Steve Biko
Cry Freedom
1988 (61st)
Kevin Kline ‡
Otto West
A Fish Called Wanda
[ 62]
Alec Guinness
William Dorrit
Little Dorrit
Martin Landau
Abe Karatz
Tucker: The Man and His Dream
River Phoenix
Danny Pope
Running on Empty
Dean Stockwell
Tony "The Tiger" Russo
Married to the Mob
1989 (62nd)
Denzel Washington ‡
Pvt. Silas Trip
Glory
[ 63]
Danny Aiello
Sal Frangione
Do the Right Thing
Dan Aykroyd
Boolie Werthan
Driving Miss Daisy
Marlon Brando
Ian Mackenzie
A Dry White Season
Martin Landau
Judah Rosenthal
Crimes and Misdemeanors
1990s
1990 (63rd)
Joe Pesci ‡
Tommy DeVito
Goodfellas
[ 64]
Bruce Davison
David
Longtime Companion
Andy García
Vincent Mancini
The Godfather Part III
Graham Greene
Kicking Bird
Dances with Wolves
Al Pacino
Alphonse "Big Boy" Caprice
Dick Tracy
1991 (64th)
Jack Palance ‡
Curly Washburn
City Slickers
[ 65]
Tommy Lee Jones
Clay Shaw
JFK
Harvey Keitel
Mickey Cohen
Bugsy
Ben Kingsley
Meyer Lansky
Michael Lerner
Jack Lipnick
Barton Fink
1992 (65th)
Gene Hackman ‡
Little Bill Daggett
Unforgiven
[ 66]
Jaye Davidson
Dil
The Crying Game
Jack Nicholson
Colonel Nathan R. Jessep
A Few Good Men
Al Pacino
Richard "Ricky" Roma
Glengarry Glen Ross
David Paymer
Stan Young
Mr. Saturday Night
1993 (66th)
Tommy Lee Jones ‡
U.S. Marshal Samuel Gerard
The Fugitive
[ 67]
Leonardo DiCaprio
Arnie Grape
What's Eating Gilbert Grape
Ralph Fiennes
Amon Göeth
Schindler's List
John Malkovich
Mitch Leary
In the Line of Fire
Pete Postlethwaite
Giuseppe Conlon
In the Name of the Father
1994 (67th)
Martin Landau ‡
Béla Lugosi
Ed Wood
[ 68]
Samuel L. Jackson
Jules Winnfield
Pulp Fiction
Chazz Palminteri
Cheech
Bullets over Broadway
Paul Scofield
Mark Van Doren
Quiz Show
Gary Sinise
Lt. Dan Taylor
Forrest Gump
1995 (68th)
Kevin Spacey ‡
Roger "Verbal" Kint
The Usual Suspects
[ 69]
James Cromwell
Farmer Arthur Hoggett
Babe
Ed Harris
Gene Kranz
Apollo 13
Brad Pitt
Jeffrey Goines
12 Monkeys
Tim Roth
Archibald Cunningham
Rob Roy
1996 (69th)
Cuba Gooding Jr. ‡
Rod Tidwell
Jerry Maguire
[ 70]
William H. Macy
Jerry Lundegaard
Fargo
Armin Mueller-Stahl
Peter Helfgott
Shine
Edward Norton
Aaron Stampler
Primal Fear
James Woods
Byron De La Beckwith
Ghosts of Mississippi
1997 (70th)
Robin Williams ‡
Dr. Sean Maguire
Good Will Hunting
[ 71]
Robert Forster
Max Cherry
Jackie Brown
Anthony Hopkins
John Quincy Adams
Amistad
Greg Kinnear
Simon Bishop
As Good as It Gets
Burt Reynolds
Jack Horner
Boogie Nights
1998 (71st)
James Coburn ‡
Glen Whitehouse
Affliction
[ 72]
Robert Duvall
Jerome Facher
A Civil Action
Ed Harris
Christof
The Truman Show
Geoffrey Rush
Philip Henslowe
Shakespeare in Love
Billy Bob Thornton
Jacob Mitchell
A Simple Plan
1999 (72nd)
Michael Caine ‡
Dr. Wilbur Larch
The Cider House Rules
[ 73]
Tom Cruise
Frank T.J. Mackey
Magnolia
Michael Clarke Duncan
John Coffey
The Green Mile
Jude Law
Dickie Greenleaf
The Talented Mr. Ripley
Haley Joel Osment
Cole Sear
The Sixth Sense
2000s
2000 (73rd)
Benicio del Toro ‡
Javier Rodriguez
Traffic
[ 74]
Jeff Bridges
Jackson Evans
The Contender
Willem Dafoe
Max Schreck
Shadow of the Vampire
Albert Finney
Edward L. Masry
Erin Brockovich
Joaquin Phoenix
Commodus
Gladiator
2001 (74th)
Jim Broadbent ‡
John Bayley
Iris
[ 75]
Ethan Hawke
Officer Jake Hoyt
Training Day
Ben Kingsley
Don Logan
Sexy Beast
Ian McKellen
Gandalf the Grey
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
Jon Voight
Howard Cosell
Ali
2002 (75th)
Chris Cooper ‡
John Laroche
Adaptation.
[ 76]
Ed Harris
Richard "Richie" Brown
The Hours
Paul Newman
John Rooney
Road to Perdition
John C. Reilly
Amos Hart
Chicago
Christopher Walken
Frank Abagnale, Sr.
Catch Me If You Can
2003 (76th)
Tim Robbins ‡
Dave Boyle
Mystic River
[ 77]
Alec Baldwin
Shelly Kaplow
The Cooler
Benicio del Toro
Jack Jordan
21 Grams
Djimon Hounsou
Mateo
In America
Ken Watanabe
Lord Moritsugu Katsumoto
The Last Samurai
2004 (77th)
Morgan Freeman ‡
Eddie "Scrap-Iron" Dupris
Million Dollar Baby
[ 78]
Alan Alda
Owen Brewster
The Aviator
Thomas Haden Church
Jack Cole
Sideways
Jamie Foxx
Max Durocher
Collateral
Clive Owen
Larry Gray
Closer
2005 (78th)
George Clooney ‡
Bob Barnes
Syriana
[ 79]
Matt Dillon
Officer John Ryan
Crash
Paul Giamatti
Joe Gould
Cinderella Man
Jake Gyllenhaal
Jack Twist
Brokeback Mountain
William Hurt
Richie Cusack
A History of Violence
2006 (79th)
Alan Arkin ‡
Edwin Hoover
Little Miss Sunshine
[ 80]
Jackie Earle Haley
Ronald James McGorvey
Little Children
Djimon Hounsou
Solomon Vandy
Blood Diamond
Eddie Murphy
James "Thunder" Early
Dreamgirls
Mark Wahlberg
Staff Sgt. Sean Dignam
The Departed
2007 (80th)
Javier Bardem ‡
Anton Chigurh
No Country for Old Men
[ 81]
Casey Affleck
Robert Ford
The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
Philip Seymour Hoffman
Gust Avrakotos
Charlie Wilson's War
Hal Holbrook
Ron Franz
Into the Wild
Tom Wilkinson
Arthur Edens
Michael Clayton
2008 (81st)
Heath Ledger †
The Joker
The Dark Knight
[ 82]
Josh Brolin
Dan White
Milk
Robert Downey Jr.
Kirk Lazarus
Tropic Thunder
Philip Seymour Hoffman
Father Brendan Flynn
Doubt
Michael Shannon
John Givings, Jr.
Revolutionary Road
2009 (82nd)
Christoph Waltz ‡
Col. Hans Landa
Inglourious Basterds
[ 83]
Matt Damon
Francois Pienaar
Invictus
Woody Harrelson
Capt. Tony Stone
The Messenger
Christopher Plummer
Leo Tolstoy
The Last Station
Stanley Tucci
George Harvey
The Lovely Bones
2010s
2010 (83rd)
Christian Bale ‡
Dicky Eklund
The Fighter
[ 84]
John Hawkes
Teardrop Dolly
Winter's Bone
Jeremy Renner
James "Jem" Coughlin
The Town
Mark Ruffalo
Paul Hatfield
The Kids Are All Right
Geoffrey Rush
Lionel Logue
The King's Speech
2011 (84th)
Christopher Plummer ‡
Hal Fields
Beginners
[ 85]
Kenneth Branagh
Laurence Olivier
My Week with Marilyn
Jonah Hill
Peter Brand
Moneyball
Nick Nolte
Paddy Conlon
Warrior
Max von Sydow
The Renter
Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close
2012 (85th)
Christoph Waltz ‡
Dr. King Schultz
Django Unchained
[ 86]
Alan Arkin
Lester Siegel
Argo
Robert De Niro
Patrizio "Pat" Solitano, Sr.
Silver Linings Playbook
Philip Seymour Hoffman
Lancaster Dodd
The Master
Tommy Lee Jones
Thaddeus Stevens
Lincoln
2013 (86th)
Jared Leto ‡
Rayon
Dallas Buyers Club
[ 87]
Barkhad Abdi
Abduwali Muse
Captain Phillips
Bradley Cooper
Richard "Richie" DiMaso
American Hustle
Michael Fassbender
Edwin Epps
12 Years a Slave
Jonah Hill
Donnie Azoff
The Wolf of Wall Street
2014 (87th)
J. K. Simmons ‡
Terence Fletcher
Whiplash
[ 88]
Robert Duvall
Joseph Palmer
The Judge
Ethan Hawke
Mason Evans, Sr.
Boyhood
Edward Norton
Mike Shiner
Birdman
Mark Ruffalo
David Schultz
Foxcatcher
2015 (88th)
Mark Rylance ‡
Rudolf Abel
Bridge of Spies
[ 89]
Christian Bale
Michael Burry
The Big Short
Tom Hardy
John Fitzgerald
The Revenant
Mark Ruffalo
Michael Rezendes
Spotlight
Sylvester Stallone
Rocky Balboa
Creed
2016 (89th)
Mahershala Ali ‡
Juan
Moonlight
[ 90]
Jeff Bridges
Marcus Hamilton
Hell or High Water
Lucas Hedges
Patrick Chandler
Manchester by the Sea
Dev Patel
Saroo Brierley
Lion
Michael Shannon
Lieutenant Bobby Andes
Nocturnal Animals
2017 (90th)
Sam Rockwell ‡
Officer Jason Dixon
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri
[ 91]
Willem Dafoe
Bobby Hicks
The Florida Project
Woody Harrelson
Chief William "Bill" Willoughby
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri
Richard Jenkins
Giles
The Shape of Water
Christopher Plummer
J. Paul Getty
All the Money in the World
2018 (91st)
Mahershala Ali ‡
Don Shirley
Green Book
[ 92]
Adam Driver
Det. Philip "Flip" Zimmerman
BlacKkKlansman
Sam Elliott
Bobby Maine
A Star Is Born
Richard E. Grant
Jack Hock
Can You Ever Forgive Me?
Sam Rockwell
George W. Bush
Vice
2019 (92nd)
Brad Pitt ‡
Cliff Booth
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
[ 93]
Tom Hanks
Fred Rogers
A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood
Anthony Hopkins
Pope Benedict XVI
The Two Popes
Al Pacino
Jimmy Hoffa
The Irishman
Joe Pesci
Russell Bufalino
Multiple wins and nominations
The following individuals received two or more Best Supporting Actor awards:
Wins
Actor
3
Walter Brennan
2
Mahershala Ali
Michael Caine
Melvyn Douglas
Anthony Quinn
Jason Robards
Peter Ustinov
Christoph Waltz
The following individuals received three or more Best Supporting Actor nominations:
Nominations
Actor
4
Walter Brennan
Jeff Bridges
Robert Duvall
Arthur Kennedy
Jack Nicholson
Al Pacino
Claude Rains
3
Charles Bickford
Charles Coburn
Willem Dafoe
Gene Hackman
Ed Harris
Philip Seymour Hoffman
Tommy Lee Jones
Martin Landau
Jack Palance
Joe Pesci
Christopher Plummer
Jason Robards
Mark Ruffalo
Peter Ustinov
Gig Young
Multiple character nominations
Multiple nominations from the same film
Age superlatives
See also
Notes
References
^ "Rule One: Award Definitions" (PDF) . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2013 .
^ Kinn & Piazza 2014 , p. 39
^ Kinn & Piazza 2014 , p. 67
^ "Rule Six: Special Rules for the Acting Awards" (PDF) . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). p. 8-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2013 .
^ Crouse 2005 , p. 257
^ O'Neil, Tom (October 8, 2008). "Can Frank Langella win an Oscar and a Tony in the same year too?" . Los Angeles Times . Tribune Publishing . Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2015 .
^ Kinn & Piazza 2014 , p. 233
^ Kinn & Piazza 2014 , p. 345
^ "The 9th Academy Awards (1937) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 10th Academy Awards (1938) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 11th Academy Awards (1939) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 12th Academy Awards (1940) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on January 28, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
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^ "The 15th Academy Awards (1943) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
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^ "The 19th Academy Awards (1947) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 20th Academy Awards (1948) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 21st Academy Awards (1949) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 22nd Academy Awards (1950) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on January 28, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 24th Academy Awards (1952) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 25th Academy Awards (1953) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 26th Academy Awards (1954) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 27th Academy Awards (1955) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
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^ "The 34th Academy Awards (1962) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 35th Academy Awards (1963) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 37th Academy Awards (1965) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 38th Academy Awards (1966) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 41st Academy Awards (1969) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 42nd Academy Awards (1970) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 43rd Academy Awards (1971) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 44th Academy Awards (1972) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 45th Academy Awards (1973) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 46th Academy Awards (1974) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 47th Academy Awards (1975) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 48th Academy Awards (1976) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 49th Academy Awards (1977) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 50th Academy Awards (1978) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 51st Academy Awards (1979) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 52nd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 53rd Academy Awards (1981) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 54th Academy Awards (1982) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
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^ "The 56th Academy Awards (1984) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 57th Academy Awards (1985) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ Thise 2008 , p. 235
^ "The 58th Academy Awards (1986) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 59th Academy Awards (1987) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 60th Academy Awards (1988) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 61st Academy Awards (1989) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 62nd Academy Awards (1990) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 63rd Academy Awards (1991) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 65th Academy Awards (1993) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 66th Academy Awards (1994) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 67th Academy Awards (1995) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 68th Academy Awards (1996) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 69th Academy Awards (1997) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 71st Academy Awards (1999) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 72nd Academy Awards (2000) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 73rd Academy Awards (2001) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 74th Academy Awards (2002) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 75th Academy Awards (2003) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 76th Academy Awards (2004) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
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^ "The 80th Academy Awards (2008) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
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^ "The 83rd Academy Awards (2011) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on May 26, 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
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^ "The 85th Academy Awards (2013) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
^ "The 86th Academy Awards (2014) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on October 14, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2013 .
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^ "The 90th Academy Awards (2018) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved March 4, 2018 .
^ "The 90th Academy Awards (2019) Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved February 25, 2019 .
^ "The 92nd Academy Awards (2020) Nominees" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved January 13, 2020 .
^ a b c d "Oldest/Youngest Acting Nominees and Winners" . Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved May 17, 2015 .
^ Kinn & Piazza 2014 , p. 183
Bibliography
Crouse, Richard (2005). Reel Winners: Movie Award Trivia . Toronto , Ontario , Canada : University of Toronto Press . ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3 .
Kinn, Gail; Piazza, Jim (2014), The Academy Awards: The Complete Unofficial History (5 ed.), New York , United States : Workman Publishing Company , ISBN 978-1-57912-986-6
Thise, Mark (2008), Hollywood Winners & Loseres A to Z , New York , United States : Limelight Editions , ISBN 978-0-87910-351-4
External links