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Alexei Anatolievich Navalny (Russian: Алексе́й Анато́льевич Нава́льный, born 4 June 1976) is a Russian lawyer and political and financial activist.[1] Since 2009, he has gained prominence within Russia, and notably within the Russian media, as a critic of corruption in Russia, and especially of Russian leader Vladimir Putin. He has used his LiveJournal blog to organize large-scale demonstrations to address these issues. He also regularly writes articles in several Russian publications, such as Forbes Russia. In a 2011 interview with Reuters, he stated that Putin's political system is so weakened by corruption that Russia could face an Arab Spring-style revolt within five years.[2]
Alexei Navalny | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Alexei Anatolievich Navalny June 4, 1976 Butyn, Odintsovsky District, Moscow Oblast |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Alma mater | Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation Yale University |
| Occupation | Lawyer |
| Known for | Political and social activism, blogging |
| Spouse | Yulia Navalnaya |
| Children | 2 |
| Awards | Yale World Fellow (2010) |
| Website | navalny |
Navalny was named "Person of the Year 2009" by Russian business newspaper Vedomosti.[3] In 2010, with the recommendation of Garry Kasparov, Yevgenia Albats, Sergei Guriev and Oleg Tsyvinski, Navalny enrolled in Yale University's six-month "Yale World Fellows" training program.[4][5][6] In 2011, the BBC described Navalny as "arguably the only major opposition figure to emerge in Russia in the past five years".[7] In 2012, The Wall Street Journal claimed he was "the man Vladimir Putin fears most".[8] He was the only Russian to be named in Time magazine's 2012 list of the world's 100 most influential people.[9] But also in 2012, a cumulative three embezzlement and fraud accusations were brought against Navalny by Russian federal authorities. All three have been vigorously denied by Navalny and are being fought.[10]
Navalny announced his intentions to run for President of Russia on April 4, 2013.[11]
Early life and career
Navalny is of Russian/Ukrainian descent.[12] His father Anatoliy Navalny comes from the village Zalissia in Ivankiv Raion, Kiev Oblast, Ukraine. Although Navalny grew up in Obninsk about 100 km southwest of Moscow, he spent his childhood summers at his grandmother in Ukraine.[12][13]
Navalny graduated from the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia in 1998 with a law degree. He then studied securities and exchanges at the Finance University under the Government of the Russian Federation.[14][15]
In 2000, Navalny joined the Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko",[16] where he was a member of the Federal Political Council of the party. In 2002, he was elected to the regional council of the Moscow branch of Yabloko.[17]
Activism
As acting Deputy Chief of the Moscow branch of Yabloko, Navalny stated that the party supported the nationalist 2006 Russian March being allowed to take place, due to the guarantee of freedom of assembly, but that Yabloko condemned "any ethnic or racial hatred and any xenophobia" and called on police to oppose "any Fascist, Nazi, xenophobic manifestations".[18] The march was widely opposed by the Moscow Bureau for Human Rights[19] and the Russian Jewish community headed by rabbi Berel Lazar,[20] and was noted for its use of swastika symbols[21] and participation from the Movement Against Illegal Immigration (the main organizer of the rally), the Eurasian Youth Union, the Communist Youth Vanguard, the National State Party of Russia, the National Patriotic Front "Memory", the "Truth" Community, the Russian National Union, the Russian Social Movement and the "Russian Order" Movement.[22]
In December 2007, a meeting was held by the Bureau of the "Yabloko" party, on the issue of Navalny's exclusion from the party, with demands of "the immediate resignation of party chairman and all his deputies, and the re-election of at least 70% of the Bureau."[23] Navalny was consequently expelled from Yabloko "for causing political damage to the party; in particular, for nationalist activities."[24]
Navalny is a minor stockholder in several major Russian state-related corporations and some of his activities are aimed at making the financial properties of these companies transparent. This is required by law, but there are allegations that some of the top managers of these companies are involved in thefts and are obscuring transparency.[25] Other activities deal with wrongdoings by Russian Militsiya, such as Sergei Magnitsky's case, improper usage of state's budget funds, quality of state services and so on.
In October 2010, Navalny was the decisive winner of virtual "Mayor of Moscow elections" held in the Russian Internet by Kommersant and Gazeta.ru. He received about 30,000 votes, or 45%, with the closest rival being "Against all candidates" with some 9,000 votes (14%), followed by Boris Nemtsov with 8,000 votes (12%) out of a total of about 67,000 votes.[26]
In November 2010, Navalny published[27] confidential documents about Transneft's auditing. According to Navalny's blog, about four billion dollars were stolen by Transneft's leaders during the construction of the Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean oil pipeline.[28][29]
In December 2010, Navalny announced the launch of the RosPil project, which seeks to bring to light corrupt practices in the government procurement process.[30] The project takes advantage of existing procurement regulation that requires all government requests for tender to be posted online. Information about winning bids must be posted online as well.
In February 2011, in an interview with the radio station finam.fm, Navalny called the main Russian party, United Russia, a "party of crooks and thieves".[31] In May 2011, the Russian government began criminal investigation into Navalny, widely described in Western media as "revenge", and by Navalny himself as "a fabrication by the security services".[31][32][33] Meanwhile, "crooks and thieves" became a popular nickname for the party.[34]
In May 2011 Navalny launched the RosYama project, which allowed individuals to report potholes and track government responses to complaints.[35]
In August 2011 Navalny publicized papers related to a scandalous real estate deal[36] between Hungarian and Russian governments.[37][38] According to the papers, Hungary sold a former embassy building in Moscow for $21mln to an offshore company of V.Vekselberg, who immediately resold it to the Russian government for $111mln. Irregularities in the paper trail implied a collusion. Three Hungarian officials responsible for the deal were detained in February 2011.[39] It is unclear whether any official investigation was conducted on the Russian side.
Involvement in 2011 Russian legislative election
In December 2011, after parliamentary elections and accusations of electoral fraud,[40] some 6,000 gathered in Moscow to protest the fraud and some 300 were arrested including Navalny. After a period of uncertainty, Navalny was produced at court and thereafter sentenced to the maximum 15 days "for defying a government official. He plans to appeal the verdict." Alexei Venediktov called the arrest "'a political mistake: jailing Navalny transforms him from an online leader into an offline one.'"[41] Navalny was kept in the same prison as several other activists, including Ilya Yashin and Sergei Udaltsov, the unofficial leader of the Vanguard of Red Youth, a radical Russian communist youth group. Udaltsov has gone on hunger strike to protest against the conditions.[42]
Navalny was arrested 5 December 2011, convicted and sentenced to 15 days in jail. Since his arrest, his blog has become available in English.[43] On December 7, President Dmitry Medvedev's official Twitter account retweeted a statement by United Russia member Konstantin Rykov which claimed that "a person who writes in their blog the words 'party of crooks and thieves' is a stupid, c*cksucking sheep". This retweet was quickly deleted and described as a mistake by the Kremlin, but garnered wide attention in the Russian blogosphere.[44]
Involvement in 2012 Russian presidential election
On his release on 20 December 2011, Navalny called on Russians to unite against Putin, whom Navalny said would try to snatch victory in the 4 March 2012 presidential election.[45]
Navalny told reporters on his release that it would be senseless for him to run in the presidential elections because the Kremlin would not allow them to be fair. But he said that if free elections were held, he would "be ready" to run.[45] He then on December 24 helped lead a demonstration much larger than the post-election one (50,000 strong, in one Western-media account), telling the "wildly cheering crowd": "I see enough people to take the Kremlin right now."[46]
In March, after Putin was elected president, Navalny helped lead an anti-Putin rally in Moscow's Pushkin Square, attended by between 14,000 and 20,000 people. After the rally, Navalny was detained by authorities for several hours, then released.[47]
On 8 May, the day after Putin was inaugurated, Navalny and another opposition leader, Sergei Udaltsov, were arrested after an anti-Putin rally at Clean Ponds, and were each given 15-day jail sentences.[48] In response, Amnesty International designated the two men prisoners of conscience.[49] On 11 June 2012, Moscow prosecutors conducted a 12 hour search of Navalny's home, office and a search of the apartment of one of Navalny's relatives. The searches were done as part of a broader investigation into the clashes between opposition activists and riot police which happened on the 6th of May.[50] Soon afterward, some of Navalny's personal emails were posted online by a pro-government blogger.[51]
Post-2012 election activity
In May 2012, Navalny accused Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov of corruption, stating that companies owned by Roman Abramovich and Alisher Usmanov had transferred tens of millions of US dollars to Shuvalov's company, allowing Shuvalov to share in the profit from Usmanov's purchase of the British steel company Corus.[52][53] Navalny posted scans of documents to his blog showing the money transfers.[53] Usmanov and Shuvalov stated the documents Navalny had posted were legitimate, but that the transaction had not represented a violation of Russian law. Shuvalov stated, "I unswervingly followed the rules and principles of conflict of interest. For a lawyer, this is sacred."[52]
On 4 June 2012, Navalny was ordered by Moscow's Lyublinsky District Court to pay 30 thousand rubles (about 900 USD) as compensation for "moral harm" to United Russia State Duma Deputy Vladimir Svirid, after Svirid filed charges against Navalny for comments he made in an article written for Esquire magazine about the United Russia party: "In United Russia, there are people I come across that I generally like. But if you have joined United Russia, you are still a thief. And if you are not a thief, then you are a crook, because you use your name to cover the rest of the thieves and crooks." Svirid had originally sought one million rubles in the case.[54]
In July 2012, Navalny posted documents on his blog allegedly showing that Alexander Bastrykin, head of the Investigative Committee of Russia (SK) and a Putin ally, owned an undeclared business in the Czech Republic. The posting was described by the Financial Times as Navalny's "answering shot" for having had his emails leaked during his arrest in the previous month.[51]
Following the alleged kidnapping and torture of opposition activist Leonid Razvozzhayev from Kiev, Ukraine, Navalny was arrested along with Sergei Udaltsov and Ilya Yashin while attempting to join a Moscow protest on Razvozzhayev's behalf on 27 October. The three were charged with violating public order, for which they could be fined up to 30,000 rubles (US$1,000) or given 50 hours of community service.[55]
2012 embezzlement and fraud charges
On 30 July 2012, the SK charged Navalny with embezzlement. The committee stated that he had conspired to steal timber from KirovLes, a state-owned company in Kirov Oblast, in 2009 while acting as an adviser to Kirov's governor Nikita Belykh.[52][56] Investigators had closed a previous probe into the claims for lack of evidence.[57] Navalny was released on his own recognizance but instructed not to leave Moscow.[52]
Navalny described the charges as "weird" and without foundation.[57] He stated that authorities "are doing it to watch the reaction of the protest movement and of Western public opinion ... So far they consider both of these things acceptable and so they are continuing along this line."[52] His supporters protested before the SK offices.[56]
Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt tweeted that "We should be concerned with attempts in Russia to silence fierce opposition activist Alexei @navalny."[56] The New York Times called it "the Kremlin’s most direct measure to date against a leader of the protest movement that erupted here in December" and suggested that "the Kremlin’s eagerness to limit Mr. Navalny's impact now outweighs the risk of a political backlash".[52] Al Jazeera described the charge as part of a broader trend of cracking down on dissent, connecting to a recent bill in the Russian parliament to substantially increase fines on unauthorized protests and the trial of three members of the feminist punk-rock collective Pussy Riot for entering the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour and recording the video for an Anti-Putin Protest Song on the steps leading to the altar.[57]
In late December 2012, Russia's federal Investigative Committee asserted that Allekt, an advertising company headed by Mr. Navalny, defrauded the Union of the Right Forces (SPS) political party in 2007 by taking $3.2m (ruble equivalent) payment for advertising and failing to honor its contract. If charged and convicted, Navalny could be jailed for up to 10 years. "Nothing of the sort happened - he committed no robbery”, Leonid Gozman, a former SPS official, was quoted as saying. Earlier in December, "the Investigative Committee charged ... Navalny and his brother Oleg with embezzling 55m roubles [US$1.76m] in 2008-11 while working in a postal business". Navalny, who denied the allegations in the two previous cases, sought to laugh off news of the third inquiry with a tweet starting "Fiddlesticks ...".[10]
In April 2013, Loeb&Loeb LLP issued "An Analysis of the Russian Federation's prosecutions of Alexei Navalny", a paper detailing Investigative Committee accusations.[58] The paper concludes that "the Kremlin has reverted to misuse of the Russian legal system to harass, isolate and attempt to silence political opponents".
KirovLec trial commenced in the city of Kirov on 17 April 2013.[59]
Presidential candidacy
On 4 April 2013, Navalny announced his intention to run for presidency.[60] Navalny described his presidential program as "not to lie and not to steal".[61]
According to polls conducted by the Levada Center, Navalny's recognition among the Russian population stood at 37% as of April 2013.[62] Out of those who recognize Navalny, 14% would either "definitely" or "probably" support his presidential run.[63] On the other hand, 66% of those who recognize Navalny said they would never support his presidential bid.[61]
Family
Navalny is married with two children.[7]
Awards and honors
Navalny was a World Fellow at Yale University's World Fellows Program, aimed at "creating a global network of emerging leaders and to broaden international understanding" in 2010.[64]
In 2011 Foreign Policy magazine named Navalny to the FP Top 100 Global Thinkers, along with Daniel Domscheit-Berg and Sami Ben Gharbia of Tunisia, for "shaping the new world of government transparency".[65] FP picked him again in 2012.[66]
See also
- 2006 Russian March
- Rustem Adagamov, Russian influential blogger
References
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Меня исключили за то, что я говорил, что Явлинский должен идти в отставку
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{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Opposition blogger Navalny voices presidential ambitions amid dwindling support". RT. 5 April 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-04-17. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Analysis of Navalny's Ratings". Levada Center. 5 April 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-04-17. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
{{cite web}}: Text "author Dennis Volkov" ignored (help) - ^ Stepan Kravchenko (5 April 2013). "Putin, Allies Threatened With Jail as Navalny to Seek Presidency". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2013-04-17. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "The World Fellows: Alexey Navalny". Yale University. Archived from the original on 2012-08-05. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers". Foreign Policy. December 2011. Archived from the original on 28 November 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers". Foreign Policy. 28 November 2012. Archived from the original on 28 November 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
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