Wikipedia

Dunbar

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For other uses, see Dunbar (disambiguation).

Dunbar (/dʌnˈbɑːr/ ⓘ) is a town on the North Sea coast in East Lothian in the south-east of Scotland, approximately 30 miles (50 kilometres) east of Edinburgh and 30 mi (50 km) from the English border north of Berwick-upon-Tweed.

Dunbar
Dunbar Town House and mercat cross, Dunbar High Street
Dunbar is located in East Lothian
Dunbar
Dunbar
Dunbar is located in Scotland
Dunbar
Dunbar
Location within Scotland
Area3.01 km2 (1.16 sq mi) [2]
Population10,270 (2022)[3]
• Density3,412/km2 (8,840/sq mi)
OS grid referenceNT678789
• Edinburgh26 mi (42 km)
• London325 mi (523 km)
Council area
Lieutenancy area
CountryScotland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townDUNBAR
Postcode districtEH42
Dialling code01368
PoliceScotland
FireScottish
AmbulanceScottish
UK Parliament
Scottish Parliament
List of places
UK
Scotland
56°00′10″N 2°31′01″W / 56.002725°N 2.516901°W / 56.002725; -2.516901

Dunbar is a former royal burgh, and gave its name to an ecclesiastical and civil parish. The parish extends around 7+3⁄4 miles (12 km) east to west and is 3+1⁄2 miles (6 km) deep at its greatest extent, or 11+1⁄4 sq mi (29 km2), and contains the villages of West Barns, Belhaven, and East Barns (abandoned) and several hamlets and farms.

The town is served by Dunbar railway station with links to Edinburgh and the rest of Scotland, as well as London and stations along the north-east England corridor.

Dunbar has a harbour dating from 1574 and is home to the Dunbar Lifeboat Station, the second-oldest RNLI station in Scotland. The Dunbar Primary School and Dunbar Grammar School opened in the 1950s and 1960s.[citation needed]

Dunbar is the birthplace of the explorer, naturalist, and influential conservationist John Muir.[4][5] The house in which Muir was born is located on the High Street, and has been converted into a museum. There is also a commemorative statue beside the town clock, and John Muir Country Park is located to the north-west of the town. The eastern section of the John Muir Way coastal path starts from the harbour. One of the two campuses to Dunbar Primary School: John Muir Campus, is named in his honour. A sculpture, The DunBear, the focal point of the DunBear Park mixed-use development, was erected as a tribute to John Muir and his role in the establishment of National Parks in the USA.

History

 
Castle at Dunbar Harbour
 
Seal of Dunbar from Groome's Gazetteer[6]
 
Seal of Dunbar from Samuel Lewis[7]

Etymology

In its present form, the name Dunbar is derived from its Gaelic equivalent (modern Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Barra), meaning "summit fort". That itself is probably a Gaelicisation of the Cumbric form din-bar, with the same meaning. This form seems to be attested as Dynbaer in the seventh-century Vita Sancti Wilfrithi.[8][9]

Pre-history

Excavations in advance of a housing development by CFA Archaeology, in 2003, found the remains of a later Bronze Age/early Iron Age (800–540 BC) person, indicating that people were living in the area during that time.[10]

To the north of the present High Street an area of open ground called Castle Park preserves almost exactly the hidden perimeter of an Iron Age promontory fort.[11] The early settlement was a principal centre of the people known to the Romans as Votadini.[12]

Early history

Dunbar was subsumed into Anglian Northumbria as that kingdom expanded in the 6th century and is believed to be synonymous with the Dynbaer of Eddius around 680, the first time that it appears in the written record.[13]

The 2003 archaeological excavation also found a cemetery comprising 32 long-cist burials. Cemeteries of this type date from the early Christian period (AD 4th–8th centuries) and have been found in several areas around Dunbar, including to the east of Spott roundabout and at the Dunbar swimming pool indicated a settlement existed during this time.[10]

The influential Northumbrian monk and scholar St Cuthbert, born around 630, was probably from around Dunbar: while still a boy, and employed as a shepherd, one night he had a vision of the soul of Saint Aidan being carried to heaven by angels and thereupon went to the monastery of Old Melrose and became a monk.[14]

It was then a king's vill and prison to Bishop Wilfrid. As a royal holding of the kings of Northumbria, the economy centred on the collecting of food renders and the administration of the northern (now Scottish) portion of that kingdom. It was the base of a senior royal official, a reeve (later sheriff).[15]

Scottish conquest

Danish and Norse attacks on southern Northumbria caused its power to falter and the northern portion became equally open to annexation by Scotland. Dunbar was burnt by Kenneth MacAlpin in the 9th century. Scottish control was consolidated in the next century and when Lothian was ceded to Malcolm II after the battle of Carham in 1018, Dunbar was finally an acknowledged part of Scotland.[16]

Throughout these turbulent centuries Dunbar's status must have been preserved because it next features as part of a major land grant and settlement by Malcolm III in favour of the exiled earl Gospatric of Northumbria (to whom he may have been full cousin) during 1072. Malcolm needed to fill a power vacuum on his south-eastern flank; Gospatric required a base from which to plot the resumption of his Northumbrian holding. The grant included Dunbar and, it can be deduced, an extensive swath of East Lothian and Berwickshire or Merse (hence March). Gospatric founded the family of Dunbar. The head of the House of Dunbar filled the position of Earls of Dunbar and March until the 15th century.[17]

Later history

The town became successively a baronial burgh and royal burgh (1370).[18] Cultivated rabbit warrens on the links to the east and west of the town supplied food to the royal household. In 1589, storms and windblown sand destroyed the warren on the west links.[19]

Major battles were fought nearby in 1296 and 1650. The latter was fought during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms between a Scottish Covenanter army and English Parliamentarians led by Oliver Cromwell. The Scots were routed, leading to the overthrow of the monarchy and the occupation of Scotland.[20]

A permanent military presence was established in the town with the completion of Castle Park Barracks in 1855.[21]

The local band, Dunbar Royal British Legion Pipe Band, which was founded in 1976, has competed with success in national competitions.[22]

On 3 January 1987, a devastating fire destroyed much of the town's historic parish church: though the fire practically destroyed the monument and left only the outer walls remaining, the church has since been rebuilt with a modern interior.[23]

Archaeology

During 2003, archaeological excavations at Oxwell Mains (Lafarge Cement Works) near Dunbar revealed the site of a Mesolithic house believed to be from around the 9th millennium BC. The site suggests a domed building. Although considered extremely rare and a site of national importance this site is in the middle of an area planned for quarrying.

An archaeological excavation undertaken by Headland Archaeology on a site previously occupied by the Captain's Cabin (a local landmark) within the area of Castle Park identified a sequence of archaeological features reflecting around 2,000 years of human activity.[24]

The earliest feature was a large ditch which may have formed part of the defences around a promontory fort previously identified during earlier excavations near the coast at Castle Park. The scale of the ditches indicated an impressive monument. A radiocarbon date of between 50 BC and AD 70 was obtained from charcoal recovered from its infill.

Much later a rectangular building was built over the top of the infilled ditch. Large quantities of burnt grain were recovered indicating that the building was a grain store that had been destroyed by fire. It was established that this was part of the Anglian settlement that had also been identified during earlier excavations.

Between the 9th and 11th centuries the area was used as a cemetery. Archeologists excavated 76 articulated skeletons, and the disarticulated remains of a further 51 individuals were recovered. The articulated skeletons were all buried in the standard Christian fashion. A small number of the skeletons were in long cists, but the majority were simple shroud burials.

A dump or midden above the cemetery contained many elephant ivory off-cuts dating to the 18th or 19th century.

Climate

As with most of the British Isles, Dunbar has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb) with cool summers and mild winters. It is one of the sunniest and driest places in Scotland, with around 1,450 hours of sunshine and 600 mm (24 in) of rainfall annually. Temperature extremes range from 31.0 °C (87.8 °F) in August 1990[25] to −12.0 °C (10.4 °F) in January 1982.[26]

Climate data for Dunbar (20 m or 66 ft asl, averages 1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1) 		7.9
(46.2) 		9.5
(49.1) 		11.5
(52.7) 		14.1
(57.4) 		17.0
(62.6) 		19.1
(66.4) 		18.9
(66.0) 		16.9
(62.4) 		13.5
(56.3) 		10.0
(50.0) 		7.7
(45.9) 		12.8
(55.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.3
(36.1) 		2.3
(36.1) 		3.3
(37.9) 		4.9
(40.8) 		7.1
(44.8) 		10.0
(50.0) 		11.7
(53.1) 		11.7
(53.1) 		10.2
(50.4) 		7.6
(45.7) 		4.6
(40.3) 		2.3
(36.1) 		6.5
(43.7)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 48.4
(1.91) 		38.8
(1.53) 		39.1
(1.54) 		34.3
(1.35) 		45.6
(1.80) 		61.9
(2.44) 		64.1
(2.52) 		61.5
(2.42) 		50.1
(1.97) 		63.4
(2.50) 		58.3
(2.30) 		56.6
(2.23) 		622.1
(24.51)
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) 10.2 8.4 8.6 7.6 9.0 10.0 10.7 10.1 8.7 11.0 11.2 10.9 116.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 59.0 81.9 116.8 155.7 196.9 169.0 174.6 160.7 128.7 97.8 73.4 51.5 1,466
Source: Met Office[27]

Environment

Due to its geographical location, Dunbar receives less rain and more hours of direct sunshine per year than most places in Scotland.[27]

Dunbar has two promenades, forming part of the John Muir Way. These provide an ideal viewpoint to see Dunbar's geological features including volcanic deposits and dykes seen from a high vantage point on the western clifftop promenade which passes the town's Public and Winterfield parks.[28]

There are two local beaches, the smaller East Beach next to the town featuring rock pools and the expansive Belhaven Beach on the outskirts.

Lochend Woods are a community resource owned and managed by the Dunbar Community Woodland Group.[29]

Economy

The town centre has several independent, locally owned retail businesses, including gift shops, salons, cafes, a community-owned bakery and grocer and fishmonger, traditional sweet shop, chocolatiere, florists, garden centre (located within Knox’s Newsagents) and pet shop. The town also has a zero waste shop as well as several vintage and antique stores and two charity shops. There are two RNLI stores reflecting the town's maritime connection. The High Street also features historic closes, two museums, and the "Backlands" garden[clarification needed] and is a short walk to the scenic harbour area with its summertime food outlets. On the periphery of the town is a large garden centre with cafe, an Asda store accompanied by a drive-thru McDonald's built in late 2015,[30][31] a restaurant and hotel owned by Marston's named the Pine Marten.

Local businesses are supported by the Dunbar Trades Association, now[when?] in its 75th year.

Tourists are attracted to the walking and cycling routes in the area with other long-distance routes, the John Muir Way and Coast & Castles routes. Dunbar has many hotels, B & Bs, a hostel, and campsites as well as short term lets. Adventure activities include surfing, wakeboarding, coasteering, kite surfing, stand up paddleboarding (SUP), boat and fishing tours, as well as orienteering activities run by the East Lothian Countryside Ranger Service. Dunbar has a large indoor pool, many sports facilities, tennis courts, bowling greens, and facilities for petanque and putting.

Agriculture remains important but fishing has declined, although the harbour is still active mainly landing shellfish. The main manufacturers are Tarmac, producing cement at Oxwell Mains (the only integrated cement plant in Scotland), and Belhaven Brewery, producing Scottish Ale.[32]

Sport

 
Dunbar RFC
 
Rowing off Dunbar harbour mouth with the Bass Rock in the background.
 
Paddle Boarders at Eye Cave Beach

Football

Dunbar is home to the football club Dunbar United, who play at New Countess Park and compete in the East of Scotland League Premier Division.

Dunbar is also home to the Dunbar United Colts Football Club, who play their home matches at Hallhill Sports Centre.[33]

The town briefly had a senior club, Dunbar Town, immediately before the Second World War, which played in the East of Scotland League.[34]

Golf

Dunbar Golf Club: Laid out in 1857 and redesigned by Old Tom Morris around 1894, Dunbar East Links is situated on the estuary of the Firth of Forth. It is used as an Open Championship Qualifying Venue when the Open is played at Muirfield and all of the major Scottish Championships have been played here, The Scottish Amateur, Scottish Professional Championships, and Scottish Boys' Championship. The British Ladies and the Ladies Home Internationals have also enjoyed Dunbar as a venue. Dunbar is also home to Winterfield Golf Club.

Rugby

Dunbar is also home to Dunbar RFC. They play their home games at Hallhill Sports Centre and operate a 1st XV, 2nd XV and various school teams. The 1st XV play in the East Region League Division 2.

Basketball

Dunbar Grammar School hosts basketball training for many school and club squads. School teams often participate in the Scottish Cup competition for their appropriate level. The school also hosts training for the club Dunbar Dragons.

Coastal Rowing

Dunbar Coastal Rowing Club[35] has two St Ayles Skiffs - 'Volunteer' and 'Black Agnes'. They are frequently seen rowing off the coast towards Belhaven or Torness or even just fishing. In 2018 they rowed to all of the named islands in the Firth of Forth. In 2019 they are competing in the World Championships at Stranraer.

Wakeboarding

Foxlake in Dunbar was the first cable wakeboarding centre in Scotland.[36] As well as wakeboarding it also offers a water assault course, ringo rides and segways. There is also a cafe in the centre.

Surfing and paddle boarding

Surfing is popular on Belhaven Bay.[37] The Coast to Coast surf school is located next to Belhaven Bay. Paddle boarding is also popular on Belhaven Bay.

Education

 
Dunbar Grammar School

The town itself is served by two primary schools, West Barns Primary School[38] and Dunbar Primary School,[39] and a non-denominational state secondary school, Dunbar Grammar School.[40] Dunbar Grammar School also serves a wide catchment area which includes the surrounding areas and villages of East Linton, Stenton, and Oldhamstocks. There is also a small number of children who live in Cockburnspath that attend Dunbar Grammar. The school currently has a roll of 1,006 pupils. As of August 2024, John Johnstone is the Head Teacher, succeeding Claire Slowther. Prior to Slowther’s ascent to Head Teacher from Deputy Head Teacher in August 2018, the school was run by longstanding Head Teacher Paul Raffaelli. Dunbar Primary School is split between two campuses, the original building which is now referred to as "John Muir Campus" taking Primary 1–3s along with nursery pupils, with the newer-built "Lochend Campus" taking Primary 4–7s.

Youth facilities

Many youth groups use the facilities of The Bleachingfield Community Centre.

Religion

Presbytery of Dunbar

The town Dunbar was within the Church of Scotland presbytery of Dunbar.[41]

  • Coldingham, Parish and Priory (notices of Cockburnspath, etc.), A. Thomson (1908).
  • The History of Dunbar. James Miller (1859).[42]
  • An Old Kirk Chronicle. Peter Hately Waddell, D.D. (1893).
  • The Churches of St Baldred. Rev. A. I. Ritchie (1880).
  • Saint Mary's, Whitekirk. Rev. E. B. Rankin (1914).
  • History of Berwickshire Naturalists' Club (for Cockburnspath, Oldhamstocks, etc.)

Today, there are several churches in Dunbar. These are:

Church of Scotland

  • Dunbar Parish Church, Queens Road
  • Dunglass Parish Church, Kirk Bridge
  • Belhaven Parish Church, Belhaven Road

Episcopal and Methodist Church

  • St. Anne's Church, Westgate
    • Methodist Church, Victoria Street

Catholic Church

  • Our Lady of the Waves Church, Westgate

On film

Films which have shots of Dunbar include:

  • Lothian Landscape (1974) 21 min, colour. Narrated by Gordon Jackson[43]
  • Dunbar (1958) 3 min, B&W, silent[44]
  • Dunbar - The A1 Resort (1970) 20 min, colour, sound[45]
  • Outlander - John Muir Country Park, filmed camp scenes (2020-2022)

Notable buildings

 
Ordnance Survey Tide Gauge House, Dunbar Harbour
  • Chapel tower (with doocot conversion) of the Trinitarian Priory, Friarscroft, west of the town. Founded c. 1240 by Christiana de Brus, Countess of Dunbar.
  • Dunbar Castle, possibly from the 14th century, rebuilt and remodelled c.1490 and c.1520. Largely ruined with the aid of gunpowder (deliberately by Act of Parliament) in 1567 and with the whole north end removed with the aid of explosives (detonated using a specially-invented electrical system) for the new Victoria Harbour 1842–44.
  • Parish Church (see above) by James Gillespie Graham 1818–21 in local red sandstone from Bourhouse quarry.[46]
  • Parish Church Hall (1910), located behind the post office off the High Street, contains stained glass removed from St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, redundant there on the creation of the Thistle Chapel.[46]
  • Abbey Free Church (1850) by Thomas Hamilton.
  • St Anne's Episcopal Church (1889) by Robert Rowand Anderson.
  • Dunbar Methodist Church is the oldest Methodist Church in Scotland, having been erected in 1764. Both John Wesley and Charles Wesley were trustees of the Society in Dunbar and John preached at the Methodist Church on 21 occasions.[47]
  • Dunbar Town House, High Street, (c.1550).
  • Mercat Cross (c.1911) created from medieval fragments to replace lost original sited opposite West Port. Now beside Town House.
  • Lauderdale House (1790–92), designed by Robert Adam and executed by his brother John after Robert's death; built round the carcass of Dunbar House (c.1730).
  • Railway station (1845) but altered.
  • Cromwell Harbour, very old fishing harbour which dates to 1600s.
  • Ordance Survey Tidal Gauge - Beneath the Castle Rock at Victoria Harbour is a small castellated building, now the Harbourmaster's office, but originally built in 1913 by the Ordnance Survey and used as part of a network that was used to establish the 'Mean Sea Level' that is used as the reference benchmark for all heights 'above sea level' in the UK.
  • Dunbar Battery (1781) was built to protect the town from privateers in the 18th century and restored in 2017 by Dunbar Harbour Trust with improvements made to access and a new outdoor amphitheatre sensitively inserted within the defensive walls. The Dunbar Battery also features "Sea Cubes", a public artwork by Scottish artist Donald Urquhart. The project won the Architects' Journal Architecture Awards 2017 for the Best Budget Project of the Year and was Commended in the Scottish Civic Trust My Places Awards 2018.

Notable people

Pre 1000

  • Saint Wilfrid (633-709) - 7th to early 8th century English bishop and saint; imprisoned for a time in Dunbar[48]
  • Saint Cuthbert (634-687) - early saint and evangelist of the Northumbrian church, Bishop of Lindisfarne,[49] at a time when Northumbria was a leader in promoting and spreading the message of Christianity in a British and wider European context[50] and, he was, according to some authors, born in and initially brought up in Dunbar to a local noble family, before being fostered in the Melrose area with a related or allied family as per the traditions of his class and time.[51]

1001-1500

1501-1900

1901-present

Twin towns

Dunbar is twinned with

  Lignières, France.[59]
  Martinez, California, United States.[59]
 
Dunbar Castle and Victoria Harbour
  •  
    Bass Rock from Dunbar
  •  
    The Bridge to Nowhere, with The Bass and the North Berwick Law
  •  
    View towards Belhaven Bay (John Muir Country Park) with North Berwick Law and Bass Rock in the distance

See also

References

  1. ^ "na h-Alba ~ Gaelic Place-names of Scotland". Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  2. ^ "Dunbar (East Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  3. ^ "Mid-2020 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland". National Records of Scotland. 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
  4. ^ Muir 1916.
  5. ^ Wolfe 2003.
  6. ^ Groome 1882.
  7. ^ Lewis 1851.
  8. ^ "Fox—The P-Celtic Place-Names of North-East England and South-East Scotland". www.heroicage.org. Retrieved 28 July 2022.
  9. ^ "Fox—P-Celtic Place-Names—Appendix". www.heroicage.org.
  10. ^ a b "Vol 50 (2011): A Rural Medieval Settlement and Early Iron Age Funerary Remains at Hallhill, Dunbar, East Lothian | Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports". journals.socantscot.org. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  11. ^ Historic Environment Scotland.
  12. ^ "Early historic settlements: the example of Castle Park, Dunbar". The Fourth Statistical Account of East Lothian. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  13. ^ "Dunbar through the years: These 27 pictures show how much the East Lothian seaside town has changed since the 1960s". The Scotsman. 29 October 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  14. ^ "St Cuthbert". Undiscovered Scotland. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  15. ^ Perry, David R.; Blackburn, Mark A. S. (2000). Castle Park, Dunbar: Two Thousand Years on a Fortified Headland, Part 4. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. p. 318. ISBN 978-0903903165.
  16. ^ Mack, Logan, (1924) "The Border Line - Solway Firth to the North Sea", Oliver & Boyd., p. 6
  17. ^ Miller, James, The History of Dunbar, Dunbar, 1830, pp. 84–89.
  18. ^ "East Lothian's Royal Burgh". John Grey Centre. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  19. ^ Exchequer Rolls, XII (Edinburgh, 1892), pp. 56, 368.
  20. ^ Reese, Peter (2006). Cromwell's Masterstroke: The Battle of Dunbar 1650. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-1-84415-179-0.
  21. ^ "Historic closes and wynds". Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  22. ^ "Royal British Legion pipe band record 'greatest achievement'". East Lothian Courier. 12 August 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  23. ^ "25 years on, church refurb really fires the imagination". East Lothian Courier. 12 January 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  24. ^ Moloney 2002.
  25. ^ "1990 temperature". KNMI. Archived from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  26. ^ "1982 temperature". KNMI. Archived from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
  27. ^ a b "Dunbar (East Lothian) UK climate averages". Met Office. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
  28. ^ "Dunbar's cliff top trail". Visit East Lothian. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  29. ^ "About". Lochend Woods. 30 April 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  30. ^ "Asda to move into East Lothian - Local Headlines". East Lothian News. 6 April 2006. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  31. ^ Published on Wednesday 7 November 2007 11:33 (7 November 2007). "New ASDA store seeks local suppliers - Local Headlines". Berwickshire News. Retrieved 9 September 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  32. ^ "Belhaven Brewery". ScottishBrewing.com. Archived from the original on 13 February 2006. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  33. ^ "Homepage - Dunbar United Colts F.C." www.DunbarColts.co.uk. Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  34. ^ "Sport of all sorts". Edinburgh Evening News: 14. 5 June 1937.
  35. ^ "Homepage - Dunbar Coastal Rowing Club". www.dunbarcoastalrowing.org.uk. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  36. ^ McIver, Brian (8 April 2015). "Wakeboarding comes to Scotland". Daily Record. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  37. ^ Cox, Roger (13 December 2014). "Surfing at Belhaven Bay". Scotsman. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  38. ^ "West Barns Primary – Together Everyone Achieves More". Edubuzz.org. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  39. ^ "Dunbar Primary School - Standing together. Facing the future". Edubuzz.org. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  40. ^ "Dunbar Grammar School - Non sine pulvere palma". Edubuzz.org. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  41. ^ Scott 1915.
  42. ^ Miller 1859.
  43. ^ "Lothian Landscape". National Library of Scotland. Moving Image Archive. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  44. ^ "Dunbar". National Libraries of Scotland. Moving Image Archive. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  45. ^ "Dunbar - The A1 Resort". National Libraries of Scotland. Moving Image Archive. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  46. ^ a b Buildings of Scotland:Lothian by Colin McWilliam
  47. ^ "Dunbar". Methodistheritage.org.uk. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  48. ^ "Saint Cuthbert and Saint Wilfrid 657-688AD". www.EnglandsNortheast.co.uk. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  49. ^ Hunt 1888.
  50. ^ "The Gospels Story - Northumbrian Association". www.NorthumbrianAssociation.com. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  51. ^ Battiscombe, C. F. (ed), The Relics of Saint Cuthbert, Oxford University Press, 1956
  52. ^ Vian 1888.
  53. ^ Brown.
  54. ^ Mackay 1898a, p. 264-267.
  55. ^ Bonner.
  56. ^ Mackay 1898b, p. 317-322.
  57. ^ Johnstone & Cregier.
  58. ^ Daly.
  59. ^ a b "Twins for 40 Years! Dunbar & Martinez". John Muir's Birthplace. 16 April 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2022.

Sources

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dunbar.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Dunbar.
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