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Main article: moral panic

The following is a list of events that have been described by multiple reliable sources as fitting the sociological definition of a moral panic:

18th century and before

title target causes location time refs
Texas slave insurrection Suspected slave rebels
American-European witch-hunts Supposed witches 1700s

19th century

title target causes location time refs
Texas slave insurrection Suspected slave rebels
Anti-Catholicism of the 1840s Catholic immigrants United States [1]
Garroting panic of the 1860s Garroting thieves Alarmism over the prevalence of garroting in the United States. [2][3]

20th century

title target Description Causes location time refs
White slavery scare Owners of White slaves Alarmism over the slave trade of White people, especially White women Early 1900s [4][5]
Satanic panic Supposed satanic cults Paranoia that Satanic cults engaged in child sexual abuse rituals. Conspiracy theories, often fueled by tabloid media 1980s [6][7]
Blood libel Jews Paranoia that Jews engage in the kidnapping and murder of gentile children. [8]
Comic book panic Comic books Alarmism over the influence of comic books on young people Christian activism, publication of Seduction of the Innocent 1930s - 1950s [9][10]
Lavender Scare Gay men [11]
War on drugs Drug traffickers and addicts Global [12][13]
Missing children panic Kidnapers Alarmism over the prevalence of child abduction crimes by strangers. Murder and abduction of Adam Walsh United States [14][15]
Day-care sex-abuse hysteria Supposed Satanist day-care workers Paranoia that some day-care centers were engaging in Satanic child sexual abuse. Conspiracy theories spread by social workers, law-enforcement officers and the NCMEC. 1980s, 1990s [16][17]
Dungeons & Dragons panic Dungeon and Dragons and other table-top games Paranoia that some table-top games were leading young people into drug use and Satanism. Conspiracy theories spread by Christian and Conservative activists [18][19]
Mods and rockers panic Members of the two groups Alarmism over hooligan activities by the two youth groups. Conflicts between the groups United Kingdom [20][21]
Sex offender panic Sex offenders Public anxiety over sex offenders and their threat to children. Murder of Adam Walsh, media attention on high profile child abuse cases United States 1970s-present [22][23][24][25]
Wilding panic Black youth gangs Alarmism over physical and sexual assaults in public streets by youth gangs. 1990s [26][27]
AIDS panic Gay men Alarmism over AIDS dissemination, particularly by gay men. AIDS pandemic of the 1980s Global 1980s, 1990s [28][29]
Internet moral panic The Internet Alarmism that the internet would expose children pornographic materials and enable child grooming. 1990s, 2000s [30][31][32]

21st century

title Target description Causes location time refs
Islamic terrorism panic Arabs and Muslims Alarmism over Arab and Muslim terrorism. September 11 attacks, other terrorist attacks by Muslims United States [33][34]
Qanon Politicians and celebrities Fears that some politicians and celebrities engage in Satanic child sexual abuse rituals. Conspiracy theories spread on social media, misreadings of child abduction statistics United States 2010s [35][36]
Gender ideology panic LGBT activists Fears that LGBT activists were introducing children to "gender ideology" in schools. Latin America 2000s, 2010s [37][38]
Anti-LGBT panic LGBT people Fears of LGBT child grooming and genital mutilation of cisgender children by gender professionals. LGBT grooming conspiracy theory United States, Argentina, Brazil 2010s - present [39][40]
Immigrant child grooming panic South Asian immigrants Alarmism over immigrant "grooming gangs" in Europe. British media reportings United Kingdom 2010s - [41][42]
Human trafficking panic Human traffickers Alarmism over the prevalence of sex-trafficking and human-trafficking. United States, United Kingdom 2000s - [43][44][45][46]
Harry Potter panic The Harry Potter book series Fears that the series was leading children into witchcraft 1990s [47][48]
Violent videogames moral panic Violent videogames Alarmism that videogames were influencing children into commiting violent acts Media sensationalism, launch of Death Race 1970s - 1990s [49][50]

References

  1. ^ Yacovazzi, Cassandra L. (2023-05-23), "The Popery Panic", Catholics and Violence in the Nineteenth-Century Global World (1 ed.), New York: Routledge, pp. 302–322, doi:10.4324/9781003127857-20, ISBN 978-1-003-12785-7, retrieved 2024-06-18
  2. ^ Adler, Jeffrey S. (1996). "The making of a moral panic in 19th‐century America: The boston garroting hysteria of 1865". Deviant Behavior. 17 (3): 259–278. doi:10.1080/01639625.1996.9968028. ISSN 0163-9625.
  3. ^ Critcher, Chas (2017), Lee, Murray; Mythen, Gabe (eds.), "'Hot under the collar'", The Routledge International Handbook on Fear of Crime (1 ed.), 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, [2018] | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, pp. 20–34, doi:10.4324/9781315651781-3, ISBN 978-1-315-65178-1, retrieved 2024-06-18{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  4. ^ Diffee, Christopher (2005). "Sex and the City: The White Slavery Scare and Social Governance in the Progressive Era". American Quarterly. 57 (2): 411–437. ISSN 0003-0678.
  5. ^ Unger, Nancy C. (2024). "Legislating Morality in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era: Moral Panic and the "White Slave" Case That Changed America". The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. 23 (2): 141–169. doi:10.1017/S1537781423000531. ISSN 1537-7814.
  6. ^ Roleff, Tamara L., ed. (2002). Satanism. At issue. San Diego, Calif: Greenhaven Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-7377-0806-6.
  7. ^ Hughes, Sarah A. (2021). American Tabloid Media and the Satanic Panic, 1970-2000. Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic. Cham: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83636-8. ISBN 978-3-030-83635-1.
  8. ^ Krzyzanowski, Lukasz; Zaremba, Marcin (2024-03). ""Our children": Moral panic associated with children and collective violence against the Jews in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War in Poland". Conflict Resolution Quarterly. 41 (3): 409–431. doi:10.1002/crq.21411. ISSN 1536-5581. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ Condis, Megan; Stanfill, Mel (2022-11-02). "Debating with Wertham's ghost: comic books, culture wars, and populist moral panics". Cultural Studies. 36 (6): 953–980. doi:10.1080/09502386.2021.1946579. ISSN 0950-2386.
  10. ^ Shuker, Roy (1986). "Popular culture and moral panic: From comics to video nasties" (PDF). ACCESS: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN EDUCATION. 5 (2).
  11. ^ Karger, Michael (2022), "Moral Panics of Sexuality", The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Sexuality Education, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–11, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95352-2_5-1, ISBN 978-3-030-95352-2, retrieved 2024-06-19
  12. ^ Hawdon, James E. (2001-09-30). "the role of presidential rhetoric in the creation of a moral panic: reagan, bush, and the war on drugs". Deviant Behavior. 22 (5): 419–445. doi:10.1080/01639620152472813. ISSN 0163-9625.
  13. ^ Welch, Michael; Wolff, Russell; Bryan, Nicole (1998-12-01). "Decontextualizing the war on drugs: A content analysis of nij publications and their neglect of race and class". Justice Quarterly. 15 (4): 719–742. doi:10.1080/07418829800093961. ISSN 0741-8825.
  14. ^ Critcher, Chas (2008). "Moral Panic Analysis: Past, Present and Future". Sociology Compass. 2 (4): 1127–1144. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2008.00122.x. ISSN 1751-9020.
  15. ^ Staller, Karen M. (2003-06-01). "Constructing the Runaway Youth Problem: Boy Adventurers to Girl Prostitutes, 1960–1978". Journal of Communication. 53 (2): 330–346. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2003.tb02594.x. ISSN 0021-9916.
  16. ^ deYoung, Mary (1998-07). "Another look at moral panics: The case of satanic day care centers". Deviant Behavior. 19 (3): 257–278. doi:10.1080/01639625.1998.9968088. ISSN 0163-9625. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ Murray, Susan B. (2001-11). "When a Scratch Becomes 'A Scary Story': The Social Construction of Micro Panics in Center-Based Child Care". The Sociological Review. 49 (4): 512–529. doi:10.1111/1467-954X.00345. ISSN 0038-0261. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ^ Waldron, David (2005-03). "Role-Playing Games and the Christian Right: Community Formation in Response to a Moral Panic". The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture. 9 (1): 3–3. doi:10.3138/jrpc.9.1.003. ISSN 1703-289X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ^ Haberman, Clyde (2016-04-17). "When Dungeons & Dragons Set Off a 'Moral Panic'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
  20. ^ Grayson, Richard S. (1998-03). "Mods, Rockers and Juvenile delinquency in 1964: The government response". Contemporary British History. 12 (1): 19–47. doi:10.1080/13619469808581467. ISSN 1361-9462. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ Jones, Paul (1997-11). "Moral Panic: The Legacy of Stan Cohen and Stuart Hall". Media International Australia. 85 (1): 6–16. doi:10.1177/1329878X9708500103. ISSN 1324-5325. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ Boone, Miranda; van de Bunt, Henk (2016-03). "Dynamics between denial and moral panic: The identification of convicted sex offenders in the community". Probation Journal. 63 (1): 23–40. doi:10.1177/0264550516637450. ISSN 0264-5505. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ Burchfield, Keri; Sample, Lisa L.; Lytle, Robert (2014). "Public interest in sex offenders: A perpetual panic?". Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law and Society. 15 (3): 96–117. ISSN 1096-4886.
  24. ^ Walker, Bela (2010-01-01). "Essay: Deciphering Risk: Sex Offender Statutes and Moral Panic in a Risk Society". University of Baltimore Law Review. 40 (2). ISSN 0091-5440.
  25. ^ Fox, Kathryn J. (2013-03). "Incurable Sex Offenders, Lousy Judges & The Media: Moral Panic Sustenance in the Age of New Media". American Journal of Criminal Justice. 38 (1): 160–181. doi:10.1007/s12103-012-9154-6. ISSN 1066-2316. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  26. ^ Welch, Michael; Price, Eric A.; Yankey, Nana (2002-09). "Moral Panic Over Youth Violence: Wilding and the Manufacture of Menace in the Media". Youth & Society. 34 (1): 3–30. doi:10.1177/0044118X02034001001. ISSN 0044-118X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ King, Mike (2015-04). "The 'knockout game': moral panic and the politics of white victimhood". Race & Class. 56 (4): 85–94. doi:10.1177/0306396814567411. ISSN 0306-3968. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  28. ^ Dowsett, Gary W. (2020-12-31), Herdt, Gilbert (ed.), "4. The "Gay Plague" Revisited: AIDS and Its Enduring Moral Panic", Moral Panics, Sex Panics, New York University Press, pp. 130–156, doi:10.18574/nyu/9780814790847.003.0007, ISBN 978-0-8147-9084-7, retrieved 2024-06-19
  29. ^ Dickinson, Roger (1990). "Beyond the Moral Panic: Aids, the Mass Media and Mass Communication Research". comm. 15 (1–2): 21–36. doi:10.1515/comm.1990.15.1-2.21. ISSN 0341-2059.
  30. ^ Potter, Roberto Hugh; Potter, Lyndy A. (2001). "The internet, cyberporn, and sexual exploitation of children: Media moral panics and urban myths for middle-class parents?". Sexuality and Culture. 5 (3): 31–48. doi:10.1007/s12119-001-1029-9. ISSN 1095-5143.
  31. ^ Evans, Mark; Butkus, Clarice M (1997). "Regulating the Emergent: Cyberporn and the Traditional Media". Media International Australia. 85 (1): 62–69. doi:10.1177/1329878X9708500110. ISSN 1324-5325.
  32. ^ Kuipers, Giselinde (2006-06). "The social construction of digital danger: debating, defusing and inflating the moral dangers of online humor and pornography in the Netherlands and the United States". New Media & Society. 8 (3): 379–400. doi:10.1177/1461444806061949. ISSN 1461-4448. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  33. ^ Kappeler, Victor E.; Kappeler, Aaron E. (2004-04-05), Deflem, Mathieu (ed.), "SPEAKING OF EVIL AND TERRORISM: THE POLITICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION OF A MORAL PANIC", Sociology of Crime, Law and Deviance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 175–197, doi:10.1108/s1521-6136(2004)0000005012, ISBN 978-0-7623-1040-1, retrieved 2024-06-19
  34. ^ Rothe, Dawn; Muzzatti, Stephen L. (2004-11). "Enemies Everywhere: Terrorism, Moral Panic, and US Civil Society". Critical Criminology. 12 (3): 327–350. doi:10.1007/s10612-004-3879-6. ISSN 1205-8629. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  35. ^ O’Brien, Mark (2023-01-02). "The coming of the storm: moral panics, social media and regulation in the QAnon era". Information & Communications Technology Law. 32 (1): 102–121. doi:10.1080/13600834.2022.2088064. ISSN 1360-0834.
  36. ^ Hearst, Megan (2022). "QAnon and the Rebirth of the Satanic Panic in the Digital Age". doi:10.57928/MYYD-J277. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  37. ^ Morán Faúndes, José Manuel (2019-07). "The geopolitics of moral panic: The influence of Argentinian neo-conservatism in the genesis of the discourse of 'gender ideology'". International Sociology. 34 (4): 402–417. doi:10.1177/0268580919856488. ISSN 0268-5809. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  38. ^ Careaga-Pérez, Gloria (2016-02-19). "Moral Panic and Gender Ideology in Latin America". Religion and Gender. 6 (2): 251–255. doi:10.18352/rg.10174. ISSN 2589-8051.
  39. ^ Käkelä, Emmaleena (2023-08-16), "Hidden or hypervisible? Mapping the making of a moral panic over female genital mutilation/cutting", The Routledge Companion to Gender, Media and Violence (1 ed.), London: Routledge, pp. 116–126, doi:10.4324/9781003200871-13, ISBN 978-1-003-20087-1, retrieved 2024-06-19
  40. ^ Crain, Maggie (2024). "Fear and Loathing in Animus: Moral Panic, the Contextualizing Tool for Challenging Gender-affirming Care Bans". SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.4675011. ISSN 1556-5068.
  41. ^ Gill, Aisha K.; Day, Aviah Sarah (2020-11-30), Ramon, Shulamit; Lloyd, Michele; Penhale, Bridget (eds.), "Moral Panic in the Media: Scapegoating South Asian Men in Cases of Sexual Exploitation and Grooming", Gendered Domestic Violence and Abuse in Popular Culture, Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. 171–197, doi:10.1108/978-1-83867-781-720201011, ISBN 978-1-83867-782-4
  42. ^ Gill, Aisha K; Harrison, Karen (2015-07-01). "Child Grooming and Sexual Exploitation: Are South Asian Men the UK Media's New Folk Devils?". International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy. 4 (2): 34–49. doi:10.5204/ijcjsd.v4i2.214. ISSN 2202-8005.
  43. ^ Hamilton, Lesley Rae (2016). "Sex Trafficking Legislation Under the Scope of the Harm Principle and Moral Panic". UC Law Journal. 67 (2).
  44. ^ Haynes, Jason (2023). "Human Trafficking: Iconic Victims, Folk Devils and the Nationality and Borders Act 2022". The Modern Law Review. 86 (5): 1232–1264. doi:10.1111/1468-2230.12814. ISSN 0026-7961.
  45. ^ Cree, V. E.; Clapton, G.; Smith, M. (2014-03-01). "The Presentation of Child Trafficking in the UK: An Old and New Moral Panic?". British Journal of Social Work. 44 (2): 418–433. doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcs120. ISSN 0045-3102.
  46. ^ Dagistanli, Selda; Milivojevic, Sanja (2013-09). "Appropriating the rights of women: Moral panics, victims and exclusionary agendas in domestic and cross-borders sex crimes". Women's Studies International Forum. 40: 230–242. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2013.09.001. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  47. ^ Roland, Daniel (2013-07). "The Response of Mainline Protestant Clergy Members to the Moral Panic Regarding Harry Potter". Journal of Religious & Theological Information. 12 (3–4): 90–113. doi:10.1080/10477845.2013.840527. ISSN 1047-7845. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  48. ^ Soulliere, Danielle M. (2010). "Much Ado about Harry: Harry Potter and the Creation of a Moral Panic". The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture. 22 (1): 6–6. doi:10.3138/jrpc.22.1.006. ISSN 1703-289X.
  49. ^ Ferguson, Christopher J. (2008-01). "The school shooting/violent video game link: causal relationship or moral panic?". Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling. 5 (1–2): 25–37. doi:10.1002/jip.76. ISSN 1544-4759. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  50. ^ Mortensen, Torill Elvira; Linderoth, Jonas; Brown, Ashley ML, eds. (2015-06-05). The Dark Side of Game Play: Controversial Issues in Playful Environments (1 ed.). Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315738680-2. ISBN 978-1-315-73868-0.
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