In Greek mythology, Coronis (/kɒˈrəʊnɪs/; Template:Lang-grc-gre) is a Thessalian princess and a lover of Apollo. She is the daughter of Phlegyas,[1] king of the Lapiths, and Cleophema. By Apollo she became the mother of Asclepius,[2][3][4][5] the Greek god of medicine. While she was still pregnant, she cheated on Apollo with a mortal man named Ischys and was subsequently punished by the god for her betrayal. After failing to heal her, Apollo rescued their unborn child by performing caesarean. She was turned into a constellation after her death.
| Coronis | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Apollo and Coronis by Johann König | |
| Abode | Thessaly |
| Genealogy | |
| Parents | Phlegyas and Cleophema |
| Siblings | Ixion |
| Consort | Apollo, Ischys |
| Children | Asclepius |
Etymology
Ancient Greek Κορωνίς means "curved, bent"[6] and shares the exact same root with κορώνη (korṓnē), meaning, among other things, "crow," due to the curvature of its beak.[7]
Family
Zeus gave the hand of the Muse Erato to Malos. The pair had a daughter Cleophema, who married Phlegyas, the king of Lapiths. Their daughter was called Aegle, otherwise known as Coronis.[8] In some other accounts, her father was Azan, king of Arcadia.[9]
Mythology
Lover of Apollo
One day Apollo saw Coronis and became enamoured of her. He lay with her in her home, and consequently she became pregnant. One time when Apollo was away performing his godly duties, Coronis fell in love with Ischys, son of Elatus. Going against her father's warnings, she slept with him in secret. Apollo, however, discovered this affair through his prophetic powers. Angered, he sent his twin sister, Artemis, to kill Coronis. Accordingly, Artemis killed Coronis and her family with her arrows.[10] In one variation, Artemis kills them on her own accord to avenge the insult done to her brother.[11] Likewise, Ischys was killed by Zeus.[12]
In Ovid's poem, it is a crow that informed Apollo of the affair, and he killed Coronis with his own arrow. Before her death, Coronis accepted that her punishment was just. Apollo instantly regretted his impulsive action and tried to heal her, but Coronis was already dead. He then placed her body on the pyre and poured myrrh and other sweet fragrances on it as a part of the funerary rites.[13] Hyginus also has Coronis' death be at the hands of Apollo.[14]
Not wanting his unborn child to suffer as well, Apollo cut Coronis's belly open when she was laid on her funeral pyre, and rescued the child by pulling it out. He named the child Asclepius and reared him for some time, teaching him about medicinal herbs.[14][15] Others say that it was Hermes instead who saved the infant from the flames.[11] Later, Apollo entrusted his son to Chiron, the wise centaur, who trained him more in medicine and hunting.[16][10]
According to a different version, Coronis gave birth to her son in Apollo's temple in the presence of the Moirai. Lachesis acted as the midwife and Apollo himself aided Coronis by easing her pains. Apollo named their son Asclepius after his mother's alias, Aegle.[8]
In yet another version, Coronis who was already impregnated by Apollo, had to accompany her father to the Peloponnesos. She had kept her pregnancy hidden from her father. In Epidaurus, she bore a son and exposed him on a mountain. The child was given milk by one of the goats that pastured about the mountain, and was guarded by the watch-dog of the herd. Aresthanas, the owner of goats and the guard dogs, found the child. As he came near, he saw lightning that flashed from the child, and thinking of it to be a sign of divine, he left the child alone. Asclepius was later taken by Apollo.[17]
The raven and Constellation Corvus
According to Ovid, when Coronis was pregnant, Apollo had appointed a white raven to guard her before leaving. The raven, after learning the affair of Coronis with Ischys, reported it to Apollo. Apollo sent Artemis to kill the couple and in anger, turned the raven black by scorching it as a punishment for being a tattletale and failing its duty. This is why the ravens are black today.[13] According to Antoninus Liberalis, the crow had once been a man named Lycius, a son of Clinis, who was changed into a white crow by Leto and Artemis so he wouldn't be devoured by the donkeys Apollo had driven mad. Furthermore, Antoninus Liberalis calls the man Coronis left Apollo for "Alcyoneus" rather than Ischys.[18]
Istrus (Greek historian) and several others have said that Coronis was turned into the constellation Corvus.[14]
See also
Notes
- ^ William Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology Coronis
- ^ Homeric Hymn to Asclepius
- ^ Sophocles, paean to Asclepius
- ^ Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 4.617
- ^ Diodorus Siculus, Historic Library 4.71.1
- ^ A Greek–English Lexicon s.v. κορωνίς
- ^ Beekes 2009, pp. 1:758-759.
- ^ a b Isyllus, Hymn to Asclepius 128.37 ff.
- ^ Homeric Hymn to Apollo 3.209
- ^ a b Pindar, Pythian Odes 3.5
- ^ a b Pausanias, Description of Greece 2.26.6
- ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 202
- ^ a b Ovid, Metamorphoses 2.536 and 2.596
- ^ a b c Hyginus, De Astronomica 2.40
- ^ Diodorus Siculus, Library of History 5.64.6
- ^ Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3.10.3
- ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece 2.26.1-7
- ^ Antoninus Liberalis, Collection of Transformations 20
References
- Antoninus Liberalis, The Metamorphoses of Antoninus Liberalis translated by Francis Celoria (Routledge 1992). Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2009). Etymological Dictionary of Greek. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004174207.
- Apollodorus, Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica translated by Robert Cooper Seaton (1853–1915), R. C. Loeb Classical Library Volume 001. London, William Heinemann Ltd, 1912. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Bacchylides, Corinna. Greek Lyric, Volume IV: Bacchylides, Corinna, and Others. Edited and translated by David A. Campbell. Loeb Classical Library 461. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.
- Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888–1890. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Evelyn-White, Hugh, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Homeric Hymns. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914.
- Hyginus, Gaius Julius, De Astronomica, in The Myths of Hyginus, edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960. Online version at ToposText.
- Hyginus, Gaius Julius, Fabulae, in The Myths of Hyginus, edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960. Online version at ToposText.
- Ovid. Metamorphoses, Volume I: Books 1-8. Translated by Frank Justus Miller. Revised by G. P. Goold. Loeb Classical Library No. 42. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1977, first published 1916. ISBN 978-0-674-99046-3. Online version at Harvard University Press.
- Pausanias, Pausanias Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Pindar, Odes, Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
External links
Media related to Coronis at Wikimedia Commons- CORONIS from The Theoi Project
