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I included that climax species by being inherently dominant, can reduce the abundance of other species. I also added another citation following this claim. |
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The [[Seedling|seedlings]] of climax species can grow in the shade of the parent trees, ensuring their dominance indefinitely. The presence of climax species can also reduce the prevalence of other species within an ecosystem.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Do|first=Ha T. T.|last2=Grant|first2=John C.|last3=Zimmer|first3=Heidi C.|last4=Trinh|first4=Bon N.|last5=Nichols|first5=J. Doland|date=2020-05-29|title=Site conditions for regeneration of climax species, the key for restoring moist deciduous tropical forest in Southern Vietnam|url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0233524|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=15|issue=5|pages=e0233524|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0233524|issn=1932-6203|pmc=PMC7259571|pmid=32469962}}</ref> However, a [[Disturbance (ecology)|disturbance]], such as fire, may kill the climax species, allowing [[Pioneer species|pioneer]] or earlier successional species to re-establish for a time.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wehenkel|first=Christian|last2=Bergmann|first2=Fritz|last3=Gregorius|first3=Hans-Rolf|date=2006-07-01|title=Is there a trade-off between species diversity and genetic diversity in forest tree communities?|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-005-9091-2|journal=Plant Ecology|language=en|volume=185|issue=1|pages=151–161|doi=10.1007/s11258-005-9091-2|issn=1573-5052}}</ref> They are the opposite of [[pioneer species]], also known as [[Ruderal species|ruderal]], fugitive, opportunistic or [[R-selected]] species, in the sense that climax species are good competitors but poor colonizers, whereas pioneer species are good colonizers but poor competitors.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=S.|last2=Dockery|first2=J.|last3=Pernarowski|first3=M.|date=2005-03-01|title=Traveling wave solutions of a reaction diffusion model for competing pioneer and climax species|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025556404001518|journal=Mathematical Biosciences|language=en|volume=194|issue=1|pages=21–36|doi=10.1016/j.mbs.2004.10.001|issn=0025-5564}}</ref>
Through [[negative feedback]], they adapt themselves to specific environmental conditions. Climax species are mostly found in forests. Climax species, closely controlled by [[carrying capacity]], follow [[K strategy|K strategies]], wherein species produce fewer numbers of potential offspring, but invest more heavily in securing the reproductive success of each one to the micro-environmental conditions of its specific [[ecological niche]]. Climax species might be [[Semelparity and Iteroparity|iteroparous]], [[Efficient energy use|energy consumption efficient]] and [[Biogeochemical cycle|nutrient cycling]].<ref>[http://www.marietta.edu/~mcshaffd/eco/sym/4SPEC98.html Relationships Among Species] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616010027/http://www.marietta.edu/~mcshaffd/eco/sym/4SPEC98.html |date=June 16, 2009 }}</ref>
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