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The '''anti-austerity movement in Spain''', also referred to as the '''15-M Movement''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Movimiento 15-M''),<ref>{{cite news|title=Tahrir Square in Madrid: Spain's Lost Generation Finds Its Voice|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,763581,00.html|accessdate=7 July 2011|newspaper=Der Spiegel}}</ref> and the '''Indignados Movement''',<ref name=":3">{{cite news|last=Rainsford |first=Sarah |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15315270 |title=Spain's 'Indignants' lead international protest day |publisher=BBC |date= 14 October 2011|accessdate=15 October 2011}}</ref> was a series of protests, demonstrations, and [[Occupation (protest)|occupations]] against [[Austerity|austerity policies]] in Spain that began around the [[Spanish municipal elections, 2011|local]] and [[Spanish regional elections, 2011|regional elections]] of 2011 and 2012.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Vanden|first1=Harry E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HzMlDwAAQBAJ&q=Youth+without+Future+5%2C000&pg=PA175|title=The New Global Politics: Global Social Movements in the Twenty-First Century|last2=Funke|first2=Peter N.|last3=Prevost|first3=Gary|date=2017-03-16|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-315-52228-9|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> First starting on 15 May 2011, many of the subsequent demonstrations spread through various [[social network]]s such as [[Democracia Real Ya|Real Democracy NOW]] ({{lang-es|link=no|Democracia Real YA}}) and Youth Without a Future ({{lang-es|link=no|Juventud Sin Futuro}}).<ref name="art1">{{cite news|url=http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2011/05/16/actualidad/1305578500_751064.html |title=Movimiento 15-M: los ciudadanos exigen reconstruir la política (15-M Movement: citizens demand political reconstruction) |newspaper=El País |date=17 May 2011 |accessdate=22 May 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110522114151/http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2011/05/16/actualidad/1305578500_751064.html| archivedate= 22 May 2011 | url-status= live|last1=Alcaide |first1=Soledad }}</ref>
Spanish media related the movement to the [[2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis|2008–14 Spanish financial crisis]], the [[Arab Spring]], as well as demonstrations in North Africa,<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|date=18 May 2011|title=Spanish youth rally in Madrid echoes Egypt protests|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/go/em/fr/-/news/world-europe-13437819|accessdate=22 May 2011|publisher=BBC}}</ref> [[2009-2010 Iranian election protests|Iran]],<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Congleton|first1=Roger D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j8p-DwAAQBAJ&q=Anti-austerity+movement+iran&pg=PA352|title=The Oxford Handbook of Public Choice, Volume 2|last2=Grofman|first2=Bernard N.|last3=Voigt|first3=Stefan|date=2018-12-14|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-046978-8|language=en}}</ref> [[Anti-austerity protests in Greece|Greece]],<ref name="SKAI xnaria">{{cite web|date=26 May 2011|title=Στα χνάρια των Ισπανών αγανακτισμένων (On the footsteps of the Spanish 'indignados')|url=http://www.skai.gr/news/greece/article/170468/oi-aganaktismenoi-diadilonoun-stis-ellinikes-poleis-/|accessdate=26 May 2011|publisher=skai.gr|language=Greek}}</ref> [[Anti-austerity protests in Portugal|Portugal]],<ref name="Geração à rasca">{{cite web|title="Geração à rasca" é referência para Espanha – JN|url=http://www.jn.pt/PaginaInicial/Mundo/Interior.aspx?content_id=1857358|accessdate=13 May 2013|language=Portuguese}}</ref> in [[2009 Icelandic financial crisis protests|Iceland]].<ref name="art9">{{cite news|date=17 May 2011|title=Los sábados de Islandia llegaron al 15-M (Icelandic saturdays appear on 15-M)|newspaper=El País|url=http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2011/05/17/actualidad/1305661201_570313.html|url-status=live|accessdate=22 May 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522092642/http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2011/05/17/actualidad/1305661201_570313.html|archivedate=22 May 2011}}</ref> The movement was also compared to [[Stéphane Hessel]]'s political manifesto ''[[Time for Outrage!]],''<ref name="art3">{{cite news|url=http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2011/05/17/opinion/1305625181_425614.html|title=Indignados en la calle|date=17 May 2011|newspaper=EL PAÍS|accessdate=22 May 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522103628/http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2011/05/17/opinion/1305625181_425614.html|archivedate=22 May 2011 |url-status=live|last1=País|first1=Ediciones El}}</ref> which was seen to empower Spanish youth [[NEET|not in school, training, or employment]]. Protestors rallied against high unemployment rates, welfare cuts, politicians, and the [[two-party system]] in Spain, as well as the [[political system]], [[capitalism]], [[bank]]s, and public corruption.<ref>{{cite news|author=EFE|title=Miles de personas exigen dejar de ser 'mercancías de políticos y banqueros'|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2011/05/15/espana/1305478324.html|accessdate=7 July 2011|newspaper=El Mundo| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110704135232/http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2011/05/15/espana/1305478324.html| archivedate= 4 July 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> Many called for basic rights, of home, work, culture, health and education.<ref name="art2">{{cite news|url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/espana/manifestacion/indignados/reune/varios/miles/personas/toda/Espana/elpepuesp/20110515elpepunac_12/Tes |title=La manifestación de 'indignados' reúne a varios miles de personas en toda España (''Outraged'' demonstration brings together several thousand people in Spain) |newspaper=El País |date=15 May 2011 |accessdate=22 May 2011|last1=País |first1=EL }}</ref> The movement transferred to Europe the model of the protest camp which had been formed in the Arab Spring, adapting it to a more countercultural framework.<ref name=":4" />
According to [[RTVE]], the Spanish public broadcasting company, between 6.5 and 8 million Spaniards participated in these events.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ipsos Public Affairs' statistic about Spanish protests |url=http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20110806/mas-seis-millones-espanoles-han-participado-movimiento-15m/452598.shtml |accessdate=5 August 2011|publisher =RTVE}}</ref>
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In the early hours of 17 May, police cleared the Puerta del Sol square and removed the 150 people who had camped out. Two protesters were arrested and one injured.<ref name=17may1>{{cite news|title=El colectivo 'Democracia real ya' anuncia más protestas tras el desalojo de Sol|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2011/05/17/madrid/1305630397.html|accessdate=20 August 2011|newspaper=El Mundo}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Spanish police break up Madrid sit-in|url=http://www.efeamerica.com/309_hispanic-world/1129105_spanish-police-break-up-madrid-sit-in.html|accessdate=20 August 2011|newspaper=EFE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521051846/http://www.efeamerica.com/309_hispanic-world/1129105_spanish-police-break-up-madrid-sit-in.html|archive-date=21 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> In response to the eviction and police violence, protesters (independent of the ''¡Democracia Real YA!'' organization<ref name="art6" />) used [[SMS]], Facebook and Twitter to call for a mass response at 8 p.m. in several Spanish squares.<ref name=17may1/> Large groups of demonstrators returned to protest in various cities, standing apart from the group in Madrid. The police allowed protesters to camp out in a few cities, like [[A Coruña]], where more than 1,000 people gathered.<ref name="art4">{{in lang|es}} [http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/espana/2011/05/17/00031305646837535184832.htm "Varias acampadas reavivan las movilizaciones de «indignados» en Galicia", 17 May 2011.] ''[[La Voz de Galicia]]''. Retrieved 17 May 1011.</ref> In Madrid more than 12,000 people gathered and about 200 protesters organized into an [[Popular assembly|assembly]], during which they decided to organize themselves for spending the night in the square, creating cleaning, communication, extension, materials and legal committees. Previously, small businesses had provided a great deal of assistance with supplies, including food.<ref name="art6">{{in lang|es}} [http://www.eldiariomontanes.es/rc/20110517/mas-actualidad/nacional/cientos-indignados-vuelven-tomar-201105172059.html "Miles de 'indignados' vuelven a tomar la Puerta del Sol", 17 May 2011] ''El Diario Montañés''. Retrieved 17 May 1011.</ref><ref name="art5">Pérez-Lanzac, Carmen {{in lang|es}} [http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2011/05/17/actualidad/1305623988_837783.html "Indignados y acampados", 17 May 2011] ''[[El País]]''. Retrieved 17 May 1011.</ref><ref name="art10" /> Dozens of people also gathered in front of the courthouse in Madrid, where the people arrested during the 15 May demonstration were being held. All detainees were released.<ref name=17may1/>
Protests and nighttime camp-outs took place in 30 cities around Spain, including Barcelona and Valencia.<ref name="art7">El Mundo; ''[http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2011/05/17/espana/1305649774.html Acampadas en cadena hasta el próximo 22-M]''</ref> The protests gained the support of some people in the [[United Kingdom]], who announced that they would sit outside of the Spanish embassy from 18 to 22 May.<ref name="art7" /> The protest in Plaza del Sol on the night of 17 May consisted of about 4,000 people, according to the authorities. As evening fell, the protesters put up a large tarp canopy beneath which they passed out signs with the intention of spending the night.<ref name=elmundo_0517/> Three hundred of them stayed until the dawn of 18 May.<ref name="art10">Muñoz Lara, Aurora, de El País; ''[http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2011/05/16/actualidad/1305579962_497160.html El movimiento 15-M abarrota Sol]''</ref> The camp can be considered a form of prefigurative politics and can be understood as a small symbolic city within the city.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Ramírez Blanco|first=Julia|url=https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783319714219|title=Artistic Utopias of Revolt: Claremont Road, Reclaim the Streets, and the City of Sol|date=2018|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=|isbn=978-3-319-71421-9|series=Palgrave Studies in Utopianism|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref>
====18 May====
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