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==Grand tourer characteristics==
The terms "grand tourer", "''gran turismo''", "''grande routière''", and "GT" are among the most misused terms in motoring.<ref name="dawson">{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=rOjgktooGNMC
According to Sam Dawson, News Editor of [[Classic Cars (magazine)]], "the ideal is of a car with the ability to cross a continent at speed and in comfort yet provide driving thrills when demanded" and it should exhibit the following:<ref name="dawson"/>
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===1929 Alfa Romeo 6C 1750 GT===
The first automobile to be named ''Gran Turismo'' was the 1929 [[Alfa Romeo 6C|Alfa Romeo 6C 1750 Gran Turismo]], a sporting dual-purpose road/race chassis and engine specification that was available with a wide variety of body styles or ''"[[Coachbuilder|carrozzeria]]".'' The influential [[Weymann Fabric Bodies|Weymann fabric-bodied]] ''[[Berlinetta]]'' version by [[Carrozzeria Touring Superleggera|Carrozzeria Touring]], "an early example of what we generally perceive to be a GT car",<ref name=":32" /> was winner of the ''[[Sedan (automobile)|Vetture Chiuse]]'' (closed car) category at the 1931 Mille Miglia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Mille_Miglia-1931-04-12.html|title=Mille Miglia 1931|website=Racing Sports Cars|accessdate=15 February 2016}}</ref> An improved and [[Supercharger|supercharged]] version, the 6C 1750 GTC ''Gran Turismo Compressore'',<ref name=":32">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vIHDCwAAQBAJ&
===1935 Fiat 508 Balilla S Berlinetta===
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The 1954 Gran Turismo regulations stipulated cars for personal transport with closed bodywork built by the manufacturer of the chassis, although open bodies and special coachwork were admissible if listed in the official catalog of the manufacturer of the chassis and if the weight of the car was at least the same as the closed standard model. Minimum production was 100 cars during 12 months and cars needed to have only two seats.<ref name=":16">{{Cite news|url=http://forums.autosport.com/topic/158484-fia-touring-rules-1952/|title=FIA touring rules 1952 – Historical Research, in memory of David McKinney|work=The Autosport Forums|access-date=2017-03-28|language=en}}</ref>
Fittingly, Gran Turismo categories (under 1500 and over 1500) were first included in round 3 of the [[1954 World Sportscar Championship|1954 FIA World Sports Car Championship]] at the Mille Miglia (the first placed GT being the Lancia Aurelia B20 GT of Serafini and Mancini).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.racingsportscars.com/race/Mille_Miglia-1954-05-02.html|title=Mille Miglia 1954 – Racing Sports Cars|website=www.racingsportscars.com|access-date=2017-03-28}}</ref> GT entries would become a regular feature alongside their Sports Car brethren at international races from this time forward: GTs raced in World Championship rounds at the Targa Florio from 1955, [[6 Hours of Nürburgring|Nürburgring]] from 1956, [[12 Hours of Sebring|Sebring]] from 1957, [[24 Hours of Le Mans|Le Mans]] from 1959, and [[1000 km Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]] from 1960 (from which year every round of the World Championship included GT cars). In 1960 and 1961 an FIA ''Coupé de Grand Tourisme'' (Grand Touring Cup) was awarded.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.racingsportscars.com/championship/World%20Championship.html|title=World Sportscar Championship – Championships – Racing Sports Cars|website=www.racingsportscars.com|access-date=2017-03-28}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://www.classicscars.com/wspr/results/wscc/nf_ms_home.html|title=World Sportscar Championship|website=www.classicscars.com|access-date=2017-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xn6eOh525AYC&
The FIA Grand Touring category came to be known as "[[Group 3 (racing)|Group 3]]", and is defined in the 1961 Appendix J (English) regulation as: "Vehicles built in small series for customers who are looking for a better performance and/or a maximum comfort and are not particularly concerned about economy. Such cars shall conform to a model defined in a catalogue and be offered to the customers by the regular Sales Department of the manufacturer."<ref name=":15" />
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