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Reverted good faith edits by PaucaVerba (talk): The sentences are about the IPA vowel chart in general, whereas the chart shown in the section is Wikipedia's own derivation of it |
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Each vowel in the vowel diagram has a unique first and second formant, or F1 and F2. The frequency of the first formant refers to the width of the pharyngeal cavity and the position of the tongue on a vertical axis and ranges from open to close. The frequency of the second formant refers to the length of the oral cavity and the position of the tongue on a horizontal axis. {{IPA|[i]}}, {{IPA|[u]}}, {{IPA|[a]}} are often referred to as point vowels because they represent the most extreme F1 and F2 frequencies. {{IPA|[a]}} has a high F1 frequency because of the narrow size of the pharynx and the low position of the tongue. The F2 frequency is higher for {{IPA|[i]}} because the oral cavity is short and the tongue is at the front of the mouth. The F2 frequency is low in the production of [u] because the mouth is elongated and the lips are rounded while the pharynx is lowered.<ref>{{cite book|title=Fundamentals of Psycholinguistics|url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalspsyc00fern|url-access=limited|author=Eva M. Fernández and Helen Smith Cairns|year=2011|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=9781405191470|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fundamentalspsyc00fern/page/n173 158]–159}}</ref>
The [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] vowel chart has the [[cardinal vowels]] and is displayed in the form of a [[trapezoid|trapezium]]. By definition, no vowel sound can be plotted outside of the IPA trapezium because its four corners represent the extreme points of [[articulatory phonetics|articulation]].
The vowel diagrams of most real languages are not so extreme. In English, for example, high vowels are not as high as the corners of the IPA trapezium, and front vowels are not as front.<ref name=
== IPA vowel diagram with added material==
{{IPA vowels}}
▲The [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] vowel chart has the [[cardinal vowels]] and is displayed in the form of a [[trapezoid|trapezium]]. By definition, no vowel sound can be plotted outside of the IPA trapezium because its four corners represent the extreme points of [[articulatory phonetics|articulation]].{{IPA vowels}}
Vowel symbols with diacritics added are not included in the official vowel chart of the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]]. The term ''mid'' does not appear on the [[International Phonetic Alphabet chart|official chart]].
▲The vowel diagrams of most real languages are not so extreme. In English, for example, high vowels are not as high as the corners of the IPA trapezium, and front vowels are not as front.<ref name="SkanderaBurleigh" /><ref>{{cite book|author=Heinz J. Giegerich|title=English Phonology: An Introduction|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1992|isbn=0521336031|pages=14–15}}</ref>
== See also ==
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