Whistled language: Difference between revisions

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Techniques: This is not what 'weasel words' means. Also, it is not excessively vague either.
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related to the articulation of the equivalent spoken form.<ref name="Asher, R. E. 1994"/>
 
The expressivity of whistled speech is likely to be somewhat limited compared to spoken speech (although not inherently so), but such a conclusion should not be taken as absolute, as it depends heavily on various factors including the [[phonology]] of the language.{{Weasel inline|date=July 2013}} For example, in some tonal languages with few tones, whistled messages typically consist of stereotyped or otherwise standardized expressions, are elaborately descriptive, and often have to be repeated. However, in heavily tonal languages such as [[Mazatecan languages|Mazatec]] and [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], a large amount of information is conveyed through pitch even when spoken, and therefore extensive conversations may be whistled. In any case, even for non-tonal languages, measurements indicate that high intelligibility can be achieved with whistled speech (90%) of intelligibility of non-standardized sentences for Greek<ref name=Meyer2005/> and the equivalent for Turkish.<ref name=Busnel1970>Busnel, R.-G. (1970) "Recherches expérimentales sur la langue sifflée de Kuşköy", ''Revue de phonétique appliquée'' 14/15: 41&ndash;57</ref>
 
This lack of understanding can be seen with a confusion matrix. It was tested using two speakers of Silbo (Jampolsky 1999). The study revealed that generally, the vowels were relatively easy to understand, and the consonants a bit more difficult.<ref>Rialland, Annie. (2005). Phonological and phonetic aspects of whistled languages. Phonology, 22, pp 237-271 doi:10.1017/S0952675705000552</ref>