Content deleted Content added
m Open access bot: hdl added to citation with #oabot. |
|||
Line 121:
The optimal growth temperature for ''A. platensis'' is 35 – 38 °C. This poses a major limiting factor outside the tropics, confining growth to the summer months.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vonshak|first1=A|title=Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira). In Physiology, Cell Biology and Biotechnology|date=1997|publisher=Taylor and Francis|location=Basingstoke, Hants, London}}</ref> ''A. platensis'' has been grown in fresh water, as well as in brackish water and sea water.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Materassi|first1=R|display-authors=etal|title=Spirulina culture in sea-water|journal=Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.|date=1984|volume=19|issue=6|pages=384–386|doi=10.1007/bf00454374}}</ref> Apart from mineral fertilizer various sources such as, waste effluents, and effluents from fertilizer, starch and noodle factories have been used as nutrient source.<ref name="vonshak"/>
Especially the waste effluents are also available in rural locations, allowing small scale production.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Laliberte|first1=G|display-authors=etal|title=Mass cultivation and wastewater treatment using Spirulina. In A. Vonshak, ed. Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis) Physiology, Cell Biology and Biotechnology|date=1997|publisher=Taylor and Francis|location=Basingstoke, Hants, London|pages=159–174}}</ref>
One of the major hurdles for larger scale production is the complicated harvesting process that makes up for 20-30% of the total production costs. Due to small size, and diluted cultures (mass concentration less than 1 g/L-1) with densities close to that of water microalgae are difficult to separate from their medium.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Barros|first1=Ana I.|display-authors=etal|title=Harvesting techniques applied to microalgae: A review|journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews|date=2015|volume=41|pages=1489–1500|doi=10.1016/j.rser.2014.09.037|url=https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/103426|hdl=10216/103426|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
==Cultivation systems==
| |||