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{{see also|List of major textual variants in the New Testament}}
[[Image:Byzantinischer Maler um 1020 003.jpg|thumb|120px|Byzantine illuminated manuscript, 1020]]
The New Testament portion of the English translation known as the [[Authorized King James Version|King James Version]] was based on the [[Textus Receptus]], a Greek text prepared by [[Erasmus]] based on a few late medieval Greek manuscripts of the Byzantine text-type ([[Minuscule 1|1]], [[Minuscule 2814|1<sup>rK</sup>]], [[Minuscule 2|2<sup>e</sup>]], [[Minuscule 2815|2<sup>ap</sup>]], [[Minuscule 4|4]], [[Minuscule 7|7]], [[Minuscule 817 (Gregory-Aland)|817]]).<ref>W. W. Combs, ''Erasmus and the textus receptus'', DBSJ 1 (Spring 1996), 45.</ref> For some books of the Bible, Erasmus used just single manuscripts, and for small sections made his own translations into Greek from the [[Vulgate]].<ref>Ehrman 2005, "For the most part, he relied on a mere handful of late medieval manuscripts, which he marked up as if he were copyediting a handwritten copy for the printer. ... Erasmus relied heavily on just one twelfth-century manuscript for the Gospels and another, also of the twelfth century, for the book of Acts and the Epistles. ... For the [last six verses of the] Book of Revelation ... [he] simply took the Latin Vulgate and translated its text back into Greek. ..." (pp 78–79)</ref> It is not fully known what evidence was available to this well travelled scholar, but his academic legacy and deep regard to providing a proven text is clearly seen in his work, his extended commentaries and that his text was used as a basis for a consistent and superior textual tradition that shines in its consistency across the vast majority of scriptural evidence. However,
Another position is that of the Neo-Byzantine School. The Neo-Byzantines (or new Byzantines) of the 16th and 17th centuries first formally compiled the New Testament Received Text under such textual analysts as [[Erasmus]], [[Robert Estienne|Stephanus (Robert Estienne)]], [[Beza]], and Elzevir. The early 21st century saw the rise of the first textual analyst of this school in over three centuries with Gavin McGrath (b. 1960). A religiously conservative Protestant from Australia, his Neo-Byzantine School principles maintain that the representative or majority Byzantine text, such as compiled by Hodges & Farstad (1985) or [[Maurice A. Robinson|Robinson]] & Pierpont (2005), is to be upheld unless there is a "clear and obvious" textual problem with it. When this occurs, he adopts either a minority Byzantine reading, a reading from the ancient [[Vulgate]], or a reading attested to in the writings of an ancient [[Church Father]] (in either Greek or Latin) by way of quotation. The Neo-Byzantine School considers that the doctrine of the Divine Preservation of Scripture means that God preserved the Byzantine Greek manuscripts, Latin manuscripts, and Greek and Latin church writers' citations of Scripture over time and through time. These are regarded as "a closed class of sources" i.e., non-Byzantine Greek manuscripts such as the Alexandrian texts, or manuscripts in other languages such as Armenian, Syriac, or Ethiopian, are regarded as "outside the closed class of sources" providentially protected over time, and so not used to compose the New Testament text.<ref>http://www.easy.com.au/~gmbooks/</ref>
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