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In this context, they embarked on the policy of planning, together with the Irish authorities, for the defence of [[Ireland|the island]]. This was a controversial proposal as most of the Irish political establishment had been combatants in the [[Anglo-Irish War]] against the British between 1916 and 1921. For instance, the [[Fianna Fáil]] politicians in the Irish government included [[Éamon de Valera]], [[Seán T. O'Kelly]], [[Seán Lemass]], [[Gerald Boland]], [[Oscar Traynor]], [[Frank Aiken]], [[Seán MacEntee]], and [[Thomas Derrig]], all of whom had been active against the British. On the British side, [[Winston Churchill]], and many senior members of his administration had forcibly opposed their bid for an independent Irish state, including setting up the controversial [[Black and Tans]] to oppose militant separatism.
However it was not so different from de Valera's position in 1921. During the debates on the [[Anglo-Irish Treaty]] in late 1921, de Valera had submitted his ideal draft, known as "Document No.2"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/D/DT/D.P.A.170001.html|title=APPENDIX 17 PROPOSED TREATY OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IRELAND AND THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH PRESENTED BY PRESIDENT DE VALERA TO THE SECRET SESSION OF AN DÁIL|publisher=Historical-debates.oireachtas.ie
* ''2. That, for purposes of common concern, Ireland shall be associated with the States of the British Commonwealth, viz: the Kingdom of Great Britain, the Dominion of Canada, the Commonwealth of Australia, the Dominion of New Zealand, and the Union of South Africa.''
* ''4. That the matters of "common concern" shall include Defence, Peace and War, Political Treaties, and all matters now treated as of common concern amongst the States of the British Commonwealth, and that in these matters there shall be between Ireland and the States of the British commonwealth "such concerted action founded on consultation as the several Governments may determine".''
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