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Henry Garber Hanks was born in [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]], [[Ohio]], on 12 May 1826. His father Jarvis Frary Hanks was a local [[portrait painter]]; his mother was Charlotte Garber Hanks.{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}}
Around the age of 16, Hanks left Ohio for [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], taking work as a [[seaman]]. In 1842, his ship sailed to [[Calcutta]] in [[British India]], where he worked and traveled for about a year.{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}} He then served as a seaman on another ship returning to [[New York City|New York]]. He then traveled around the [[continental United States]] while conducting [[science in the United States|scientific studies]] before returning to Cleveland to work as a [[house painter|house]] and [[sign painter]].{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}} Around the age of 25, Hanks left Ohio to join the [[California Gold Rush|Gold Rush]] in [[California]].{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}} Between 1852 and 1856, he worked as a [[gold miner|miner]] and businessman around [[Sacramento]]. By 1860, he was mostly occupied with selling [[paint]] in [[San Francisco]].{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}}
In 1866, he established Pacific Chemical Works, an [[assaying]] company. The next year, he married Ellen Francis Barker. They eventually raised five children, one of whom—Abbott—joined his father's company as an [[metallurgical assay|assayer]].{{sfnp|Wilson|2018}} Henry was also a founding member of the [[Microscopical Society of San Francisco]] (founded 1872) and its first president.{{sfnp|SFMS|1874}}
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